scholarly journals Learning The Ropes: An Introductory Tax Return Case

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Flynn ◽  
Lori R. Fuller ◽  
Peter Oehlers
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Standard Deduction ◽  
Gains And Losses

In extant literature, there are few tax return cases appearing in journals.  We present a complex case using a realistic scenario that is designed to be an introductory tax return assignment used in an individual federal income taxation course.  The case is designed to teach students how to manually prepare a federal income tax return using the actual forms and schedules prepared by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).  This case is timely for two reasons.  1) Often tax return assignments in textbooks involve concepts that a student has yet to learn.  For example, a textbook assignment often includes itemized deductions and credits, even though these topics are typically taught towards the end of an individual tax course.  2) In addition, with the availability of information on the internet, students have greater access to solutions to textbook assignments.  This case comprehensively examines concepts typically covered in the first three or four chapters of an individual tax text: various types of income, exclusions, personal and dependency exemptions, capital gains and losses, and the standard deduction. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Capital Gains Tax Treatments on Optimal Livestock Enterprise Selection

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
John T. Pounder ◽  
Richard A. Schoney ◽  
Gustof A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Impact

Current income tax provisions bear little resemblance to those enacted by the original law, the Revenue Act of 1913. Because of the progressive nature of the federal income tax, a need for special provisions for capital gains was recognized. In 1921, gains from the sale or disposition of capital assets and certain other capital items were identified and taxed differently from income from other sources. The capital gains provisions resulted in the separation of ordinary and capital gains income.Gains and losses from the sale or exchange of a capital asset and other capital items are classified as either short- or long-term, depending on the period of time the property is held. Income from items held for less than the required period is taxed as ordinary income. Income from items held for longer than the required period receive preferential treatment only if the net long-term gain exceeds the net short-term capital loss. If long-term capital gains are realized, 60 percent of the excess gain is claimable as a deduction; the remaining 40 percent of the net gain is taxed at the taxpayer's ordinary tax rate. If the net short-term capital gain exceeds the net long-term loss, 100 percent of the excess is taxable at the normal rate.

Federal Income Tax: Capital Gains and Losses

1935 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Homer Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Gains And Losses

Contingent Legal Fees on Settlements and Awards and the Calculation of Gross Income by Individuals for United States Federal Income Tax Purposes

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Michael P. Coyne ◽  
Richard Mason ◽  
John R. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Legal Fees ◽  
Circuit Courts ◽  
Congressional Action

Lawsuits involving contingent legal fees are reasonably common. This paper focuses on the appropriateness of the inclusion in plaintiff's gross income for individual federal tax purposes of the portion of settlements going to attorneys for contingent legal fees. We present an example of the significant difference in taxes payable by a plaintiff under the two competing tax treatments. We also recap the current position of the various Circuit Courts on the issue using the opposing views of the Sixth to the Second and Seventh Circuits to frame a discussion of the issue and then discuss the treatment of securities classaction settlement proceeds that are apparently treated differently for tax purposes. The Supreme Court has recently granted certiorari in two cases and will be addressing the inclusion of contingent legal fees in gross income. We advocate that although taking the broader Sixth Circuit approach of excluding contingent attorney's fees on a joint endeavor theory would lead to more equitable results for plaintiffs, it would not necessarily be prudent judicial action and that the appropriate remedy to the situation may best be Congressional action, as the Internal Revenue Service has consistently favored inclusion.

scholarly journals Federal Income Taxation of Oil and Gas Operations

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
M. A. Carten
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Federal Income Tax

In his paper Mr. Carten discusses the Canadian federal income tax system and its application to the oil and gas industry. His principal concern is with those situations in which the taxation of the profits of the industry is not subject to the same basic principles of taxation as are other business operations in Canada.

Simplified Procedures for Computing the Federal Income Tax

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Robert L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Simplified Procedures

The procedure outlined by the Internal Revenue, service (IRS) for computing the amount of tax due, after the taxable income has been determined (line lld, Form 1040), requires five computational steps: (1) subtract the lower limit or the top bracket from the taxable income, (2) multiply the difference by the applicable rate, (3) add the product to a stated amount, (4) multiply the amount obtained in Step 3 by .075, and (5) add the product to the amount obtained in Step 3.

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