scholarly journals Effect of Task-irrelevant Feature Information on Visual Short-term Recognition of Task-relevant Feature

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-248
Author(s):  
현주석
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Irrelevant Feature ◽  
Feature Information ◽  
Task Irrelevant

scholarly journals Object-based Selection of Irrelevant Features Is Not Confined to the Attended Object

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2231-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten N. Boehler ◽  
Mircea A. Schoenfeld ◽  
Hans-Jochen Heinze ◽  
Jens-Max Hopf
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Irrelevant Feature ◽  
Distractor Object ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Irrelevant Color ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Selection Of

Attention to one feature of an object can bias the processing of unattended features of that object. Here we demonstrate with ERPs in visual search that this object-based bias for an irrelevant feature also appears in an unattended object when it shares that feature with the target object. Specifically, we show that the ERP response elicited by a distractor object in one visual field is modulated as a function of whether a task-irrelevant color of that distractor is also present in the target object that is presented in the opposite visual field. Importantly, we find this modulation to arise with a delay of approximately 80 msec relative to the N2pc—a component of the ERP response that reflects the focusing of attention onto the target. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that this modulation reflects enhanced neural processing in the unattended object. These observations together facilitate the surprising conclusion that the object-based selection of irrelevant features is spatially global even after attention has selected the target object.

scholarly journals Involuntary orienting and conflict resolution during auditory attention: The role of ventral and dorsal streams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J Stewart ◽  
Dawei Shen ◽  
Nasim Sham ◽  
Claude Alain
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Irrelevant Feature ◽  
Enhanced Activity ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractSelective attention to sound object features such as pitch and location is associated with enhanced brain activity in ventral and dorsal streams, respectively. We examined the role of these pathways in involuntary orienting and conflict resolution using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were presented with two tones that may share, or not, the same non-spatial (frequency) or spatial (location) auditory features. In separate blocks of trials, participants were asked to attend to sound frequency or sound location and ignore the change in the task-irrelevant feature. In both attend-frequency and attend-location tasks, response times were slower when the task-irrelevant feature changed than when it stayed the same (involuntary orienting). This behavioural cost coincided with enhanced activity in the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Conflict resolution was examined by comparing situations where the change in stimulus features was congruent (both features changed) and incongruent (only one feature changed). Participants were slower and less accurate for incongruent than congruent sound features. This congruency effect was associated with enhanced activity in the prefrontal cortex, and was greater in the right STG and medial frontal cortex during the attend-location than during the attend-frequency task. Together, these findings do not support a strict division of ‘labour’ into ventral and dorsal streams, but rather suggest interactions between these pathways in situations involving changes in task-irrelevant sound feature and conflict resolution. These findings also validate the Test of Attention in Listening task by revealing distinct neural correlates for involuntary orienting and conflict resolution.

scholarly journals Measuring the memory quality of a task irrelevant feature of an attended object

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Garrett Swan ◽  
Brad Wyble
Keyword(s):  
Irrelevant Feature ◽  
Task Irrelevant

scholarly journals Using space to remember: Short-term spatial structure spontaneously improves working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Yousif ◽  
Monica D. Rosenberg ◽  
Frank Keil
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatial Associations ◽  
Phone Number ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Spatial Interference ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spatial information plays an important role in how we remember. In general, there are two (non mutually exclusive) views regarding the role that space plays in memory. One view is that objects overlapping in space interfere with each other in memory. For example, objects presented in the same location (at different points in time) are more frequently confused with one another than objects that are not. Another view is that spatial information can ‘bootstrap’ other kinds of information. For example, remembering a phone number is easier one can see the arrangement of a keypad. Here, building on both views, we test the hypothesis that task-irrelevant spatial structure (i.e., objects appearing in stable locations over repeated iterations) improves working memory. Across 7 experiments, we demonstrate that (1) irrelevant spatial structure improves memory for sequences of objects; (2) this effect does not depend on long-term spatial associations; (3) this effect is unique to space (as opposed to features like color); and (4) spatial structure can be teased apart from spatial interference, and the former drives memory improvement. We discuss how these findings challenge and extend both ‘spatial interference’ and ‘visuospatial bootstrapping’ accounts.

scholarly journals Modulation of the composite face effect by unintended emotion cues

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 160867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. H. Gray ◽  
Jennifer Murphy ◽  
Jade E. Marsh ◽  
Richard Cook
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Image Matching ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Holistic Face Processing ◽  
Feature Information ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Sequential Matching ◽  
Composite Face ◽  
Perceived Emotion ◽  
Emotion Cues

When upper and lower regions from different emotionless faces are aligned to form a facial composite, observers ‘fuse’ the two halves together, perceptually. The illusory distortion induced by task-irrelevant (‘distractor’) halves hinders participants' judgements about task-relevant (‘target’) halves. This composite-face effect reveals a tendency to integrate feature information from disparate regions of intact upright faces, consistent with theories of holistic face processing. However, observers frequently perceive emotion in ostensibly neutral faces, contrary to the intentions of experimenters. This study sought to determine whether this ‘perceived emotion’ influences the composite-face effect. In our first experiment, we confirmed that the composite effect grows stronger as the strength of distractor emotion increased. Critically, effects of distractor emotion were induced by weak emotion intensities, and were incidental insofar as emotion cues hindered image matching, not emotion labelling per se . In Experiment 2, we found a correlation between the presence of perceived emotion in a set of ostensibly neutral distractor regions sourced from commonly used face databases, and the strength of illusory distortion they induced. In Experiment 3, participants completed a sequential matching composite task in which half of the distractor regions were rated high and low for perceived emotion, respectively. Significantly stronger composite effects were induced by the high-emotion distractor halves. These convergent results suggest that perceived emotion increases the strength of the composite-face effect induced by supposedly emotionless faces. These findings have important implications for the study of holistic face processing in typical and atypical populations.

scholarly journals Neural Representations of Task-relevant and Task-irrelevant Features of Attended Objects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiageng Chen ◽  
Paul S Scotti ◽  
Emma W Dowd ◽  
Julie D Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Object Features ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Task

Visual attention plays an essential role in selecting task-relevant and ignoring task-irrelevant information, for both object features and their locations. In the real world, multiple objects with multiple features are often simultaneously present in a scene. When spatial attention selects an object, how are the task-relevant and task-irrelevant features represented in the brain? Previous literature has shown conflicting results on whether and how irrelevant features are represented in visual cortex. In an fMRI task, we used a modified inverted encoding model (IEM, e.g., Sprague & Serences, 2015) to test whether we can reconstruct the task-relevant and task-irrelevant features of spatially attended objects in a multi- feature (color + orientation), multi-item display. Subjects were briefly shown an array of three colored, oriented gratings. Subjects were instructed as to which feature (color or orientation) was relevant before each block, and on each trial were asked to report the task-relevant feature of the object that appeared at a spatially pre-cued location, using a continuous color or orientation wheel. By applying the IEM, we achieved reliable feature reconstructions for the task-relevant features of the attended object from visual ROIs (V1 and V4v) and Intraparietal sulcus. Preliminary searchlight analyses showed that task-irrelevant features of attended objects could be reconstructed from activity in some intraparietal areas, but the reconstructions were much weaker and less reliable compared with task-relevant features. These results suggest that both relevant and irrelevant features may be represented in visual and parietal cortex but in different forms. Our method provides potential tools to noninvasively measure unattended feature representations and probe the extent to which spatial attention acts as a "glue" to bind task-relevant and task-irrelevant features.

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