An Epidemiological Study of Sheep and Goat pox Outbreaks in the Sudan

Food Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud ◽  
Abdelmalik Ibrahim Khalafalla ◽  
Muaz Magzob Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Chick Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

Sheep and goat pox Outbreaks occurred in different geographic areas of Sudan and most strikingly, were highly species specific. Two outbreaks in Gedarif State in June. 2013 affected no goats and outbreak in Khartoum state in March. 2015 affected no sheep despite communal herding; affected goats were vaccinated with 0240 strain. Clinically, the disease was characterized by fever, depression and eruption of generalized pox lesions. Mortality rate ranged between 5.2 and 6.7% with a mean of 6.1%. Isolation of viruses succeed on Lamb testes cell culture at passage four, the diseases were diagnosed using virus neutralisation test and polymerase chain reaction. Sheeppox and goatpox isolates grew well in lamb testes and Vero cells. In MDBK however, both viruses induced slight CPE that reached 60% in 9 days. On the other hand, both isolates induced no CPE in chick embryo fibroblast cells. Virus isolation attempts failed on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs.

scholarly journals Detection of Bluetongue Virus in Clinical Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Y. Akita ◽  
John Glenn ◽  
Anthony E. Castro ◽  
Bennie I. Osburn
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

A previously described bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied to clinical samples. The sensitivity of the BTV serogroup PCR was increased by the use of non-radioactive chemiluminescent hybridization. Unfractionated whole blood samples from rams experimentally inoculated with cell culture-adapted BTV- 11 UC-8 were analyzed by virus isolation (VI) on Vero cells and PCR. VI and PCR were in agreement, with the exception of 3 blood samples that were VI negative and PCR positive. In semen spiked with BTV- 11 UC-8, PCR detected as little as 1.6 × 102 plaque-forming units of BTV/ml of semen. BTV in the spleen of a sheep submitted for necropsy for suspect BTV infection was detected by both PCR and VI in embryonated chicken eggs. BTV PCR with nonradioactive chemiluminescent hybridization resulted in a level of sensitivity comparable to that of VI and likly more sensitive than VI on Vero cells for blood. This BTV PCR has great promise for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of active BTV infection in a variety of clinical samples.

Routine identification of four sympatric species of calanoid copepods Pseudocalanus spp. in the Atlantic Arctic using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plankton Communities

Сalanoid copepods of the genus Pseudocalanus play an important role in the plankton communities of the Arctic and boreal seas, often dominating in numbers and constituting a significant proportion of the biomass of zooplankton. Despite their high presence and significance in the shelf plankton communities, species-specific studies of the biology of these are significantly hampered by extremely small morphological differences between them, especially at the juvenile stages, at which they are virtually indistinguishable. In this paper, we describe a new, routine and low-cost molecular method for identifying all Pseudocalanus species found in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic: the Arctic P. acuspes, P. minutus and the boreal P. moultoni and P. elongatus, and apply it to describe the relative distribution of these species in four locations of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. With this method, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (ssPCR), mass identification of individuals of any developmental stage, including nauplii, is possible. This method can serve as an excellent tool for studying the species-specific biology of this group, describing their life cycles, as well as monitoring changes in Arctic marine ecosystems under the influence of changing climate.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of 5S rDNA Non-Transcribed Spacers in Elaeagnaceae Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Oleg S. Alexandrov ◽  
Olga V. Razumova ◽  
Gennady I. Karlov
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Shepherdia Canadensis

5S rDNA is organized as a cluster of tandemly repeated monomers that consist of the conservative 120 bp coding part and non-transcribed spacers (NTSs) with different lengths and sequences among different species. The polymorphism in the 5S rDNA NTSs of closely related species is interesting for phylogenetic and evolutional investigations, as well as for the development of molecular markers. In this study, the 5S rDNA NTSs were amplified with universal 5S1/5S2 primers in some species of the Elaeagnaceae Adans. family. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of five Elaeagnus species had similar lengths near 310 bp and were different from Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. and Sh. argentea (Pusch.) Nutt. samples (260 bp and 215 bp, respectively). The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. An analysis of the sequences revealed that intraspecific levels of NTS identity are high (approximately 95–96%) and similar in the Elaeagnus L. species. In Sh. argentea, this level was slightly lower due to the differences in the poly-T region. Moreover, the intergeneric and intervarietal NTS identity levels were studied and compared. Significant differences between species (except E. multiflora Thunb. and E. umbellata Thunb.) and genera were found. Herein, a range of the NTS features is discussed. This study is another step in the investigation of the molecular evolution of Elaeagnaceae and may be useful for the development of species-specific DNA markers in this family.

Detection of Zika Virus Replication in Human Semen by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting of Antisense Ribonucleic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Huits ◽  
Birgit De Smet ◽  
Gilda Grard ◽  
Kaat Eggermont ◽  
Catherine Minto-Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) in semen is common after infection. Methods We designed a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay that targets antisense ZIKV RNA (asRNA) to assess ZIKV replication competence in ZIKV RNA-positive semen samples. Results We detected ZIKV asRNA in semen of 9 of 19 men (47.4%) diagnosed with ZIKV infection. All asRNA-positive samples had high ZIKV loads (cycle threshold values <26) and were obtained within 21 days of symptom onset. Conclusions The sensitivity of the asRNA assay for detection of ZIKV replication was higher than that of conventional virus isolation methods (47.4% vs 21.1%, P = .032).

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