Advances in control of wheat diseases: Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew

The analysis of the phytosanitary situation in production, selection and seed crops of winter rye in Kirov region for the period from 1999 to 2018 was carried out in order to adjust the tasks of breeding for resistance to the most harmful diseases. The affection of the sowings (spread of the disease), the development of the disease and the area of the affected crops relative to the number of the examined ones were evaluated. The trend in the development of the diseases was established on the basis of a regression analysis of long-term data of the branch of the FSBI Rosselkhozcentr in Kirov region. The annual (100 %) manifestation of snow mold and ergot has been established. Next according to the frequency of manifestation there are root rots and brown rust – 95 %, powdery mildew – 75 %, sclerotinia – 70 %, Fusarium head blight – 70 %, and stem rust – 50 %. A relatively low frequency of manifestation has been observed with septoriose and rhynchosporium – 35 and 30 %. However, taking into account the development of winter rye diseases which exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH), the studied pathocomplexes have different levels of danger. Thus, the development of brown rust above ETH was diagnosed 13 times within 19 years. The most severe disease development (20.0-52.0 %) was in 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2010; weak - in 2007 (0.8 %), 2017 (1.4 %), 2015 (2.4 %), and 2011 (5 %). The manifestation of powdery mildew above ETH was observed 6 times within 15 years, disease development was at the level of 13.0-53.0 %. The development of septoriose above ETH was diagnosed 6 times within 7 years with the development of disease from 13.5 to 63.0 %. Development of stem rust above ETH was diagnosed 5 times within 10 years with the status of the sign of 15.0-20.0 %. The cyclicity of spread of the most harmful diseases and trends of their change in agrocenoses of winter rye are shown. Thus, the most epitphytotically dangerous diseases include snow mold, brown rust, stem rust, powdery mildew and septoriose. Constant control is also required in relation to ergot and Fusarium head blight. These diseases should be an object for breeding-and-immunological studies.

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Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization and Fusarium Head Blight of Five Wheat Thinopyrum Intermedium Partial Amphiploids

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127025/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Shuwei Cheng ◽

Yue Shi ◽

Shuxin Zhang ◽

Wei Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽

Head Blight ◽

Multicolor Fish ◽

Wheat Diseases ◽

Cytogenetic Characterization ◽

Fhb Resistance ◽

Partial Amphiploids ◽

Best Disease

Abstract Background: Partial amphiploids created by crossing octoploid tritelytrigia and Thinopyrum intermedium are important intermediates in wheat breeding because of their resistance to major wheat diseases. We examined the chromosome compositions of five wheat Th. intermedium partial amphiploids using GISH and multicolor FISH. Results: The result revealed that five lines had 10 14 J genome chromosomes from Th. intermedium and 42 common wheat chromosomes, using the J genomic DNA from Th. bessarabicum and the oligo probes pAs1 1 , pAs1 3 , AFA 4 , GAA ) 10, and pSc119.2 1 . Five lines resembled the parent Ganmai 8 but had better protein contents. P rotein contents of t wo lines HS2 2 and HS2 5 were up to more than 20%. Evaluation of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance revealed that the percent of symptomatic spikelets (PSS) of these lines were below 30%. Lines HS2 2, HS2 4, HS2 5, and HS2 16 were less than 20%. Line HS2 5 with 14 J genome chromosomes from Th. intermedium showed the best disease resistance, with PSS values of 10.8% and 16.6% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Conclusions: New wheat Th. intermedium amphiploids with the J genome chromosomes were identified and can be considered as a valuable source of FHB resistance in wheat breeding.

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Nitrogen and potassium sources of fertilizers may affect wheat blast and Fusarium head blight under favorable weather conditions

Communications in Plant Sciences ◽

10.26814/cps2019017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sérgio Ricardo Silva ◽

Adriano Augusto de Paiva Custódio ◽

José Salvador Simonetto Foloni ◽

Manoel Carlos Bassoi

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Blast ◽

Potassium Sources ◽

Favorable Weather

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The Aquaporin TaPIP2;10 Confers Resistance to Two Fungal Diseases in Wheat

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-21-0048-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobing Wang ◽

Kai Lu ◽

Xiaohui Yao ◽

Liyuan Zhang ◽

Fubin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Head Blight ◽

Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein ◽

Molecular Pattern ◽

Source Plant

Plants employ aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family to import environmental substrates, thereby affecting various processes, such as the cellular responses regulated by the signaling molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) contains 24 candidate members of the PIP family, designated as TaPIP1;1 to TaPIP1;12 and TaPIP2;1 to TaPIP2;12. To date, none of these TaPIP candidates has been characterized for substrate selectivity or defense responses in their source plant. Here, we report that T. aestivum aquaporin TaPIP2;10 facilitates the cellular uptake of H2O2 to confer resistance against powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, two devastating fungal diseases in wheat throughout the world. In wheat, the apoplastic H2O2 signal is induced by fungal attack, while TaPIP2;10 is stimulated to translocate this H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where it activates defense responses to restrict further attack. TaPIP2;10-mediated transport of H2O2 is essential for pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggered plant immunity (PTI). Typical PTI responses are induced by the fungal infection and intensified by overexpression of the TaPIP2;10 gene. TaPIP2;10 overexpression causes a 70% enhancement in wheat resistance to powdery mildew and an 86% enhancement in resistance to Fusarium head blight. By reducing the disease severities, TaPIP2;10 overexpression brings about more than 37% increase in wheat grain yield. These results verify the feasibility of using an immunity-relevant aquaporin to concomitantly improve crop productivity and immunity.

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Instant Insights: Fusarium in cereals

10.19103/9781786768933 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Control Measures ◽

Current Status ◽

Head Blight ◽

Management Plans ◽

The Impact

This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on fusarium in cereal crops. The first chapter describes how progress can be built over current agricultural practices in integrated pest management plans. It also addresses the disease cycle of Fusarium head blight, host–pathogen interactions, genetic resistance, the role of mycotoxins, as well as the impact of the disease on yields and loss of crop quality. The second chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley, as well as what we know about the mechanisms of barley genetic resistance to fungal pathogens. It features detailed discussions on biotrophic foliar diseases such as stem rust and powdery mildew and necrotrophic diseases such as spot blotch and Fusarium head blight. The third chapter reviews control measures for Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew, including the development of resistant cultivars. The final chapter considers the current status of global wheat production, the impact of crop loss on food security and the emergence of the current regulatory environment surrounding pesticides. It also features discussions on the current status of the global fungicide market.

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Multi-functional roles of TaSSI2 involved in Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew resistance and drought tolerance

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(17)61680-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 368-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li-qin HU ◽

Jing-jing MU ◽

Pei-sen SU ◽

Hong-yan WU ◽

Guang-hui YU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽

Head Blight ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Functional Roles

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Island barley

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-149 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 793-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. M. Choo ◽

R. A. Martin ◽

S. M. ter Beek ◽

K. M. Ho ◽

C. D. Caldwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Seed Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Head Blight ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

Moderate Resistance

Island is a two-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, high test weight, high seed weight, excellent resistance to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. Island performs well in the Maritimes, Quebec, and Ontario. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high seed weight, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight

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Key challenges in breeding durable disease-resistant cereals: North America

10.19103/as.2021.0092.37 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 779-824

Author(s):

Christina Cowger ◽

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Complex Systems ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Hessian Fly ◽

Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽

Head Blight ◽

Cereal Breeding ◽

The Status

This chapter first describes the challenges of diverse climates, diseases, and market classes that face North American small-grain cereal breeders and producers. It discusses the challenges inherent in the complex systems of cereal breeding on the continent, and the changing resistance priorities brought about by shifting pathogen races and production practices. The remainder of the chapter is devoted (in rough order of priority) to the status and prospects for durable resistance to the main pests currently confronting the continent: Fusarium head blight, rusts, powdery mildew, leaf (and glume) blotches, viruses, Hessian fly, and bacterial leaf streak.

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