Key challenges in breeding durable disease-resistant cereals: North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 779-824
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
The Status

This chapter first describes the challenges of diverse climates, diseases, and market classes that face North American small-grain cereal breeders and producers. It discusses the challenges inherent in the complex systems of cereal breeding on the continent, and the changing resistance priorities brought about by shifting pathogen races and production practices. The remainder of the chapter is devoted (in rough order of priority) to the status and prospects for durable resistance to the main pests currently confronting the continent: Fusarium head blight, rusts, powdery mildew, leaf (and glume) blotches, viruses, Hessian fly, and bacterial leaf streak.

Transformation of Wheat Thaumatin-Like Protein Gene and Analysis of Reactions to Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Head Blight in Transgenic Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping XING ◽  
Hua-Zhong WANG ◽  
Zheng-Ning JIANG ◽  
Jin-Long NI ◽  
Ai-Zhong CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Monitoring of winter rye diseases in Kirov region and possible trends of breeding for immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
L. M. Shchekleina
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Seed Crops

The analysis of the phytosanitary situation in production, selection and seed crops of winter rye in Kirov region for the period from 1999 to 2018 was carried out in order to adjust the tasks of breeding for resistance to the most harmful diseases. The affection of the sowings (spread of the disease), the development of the disease and the area of the affected crops relative to the number of the examined ones were evaluated. The trend in the development of the diseases was established on the basis of a regression analysis of long-term data of the branch of the FSBI Rosselkhozcentr in Kirov region. The annual (100 %) manifestation of snow mold and ergot has been established. Next according to the frequency of manifestation there are root rots and brown rust – 95 %, powdery mildew – 75 %, sclerotinia – 70 %, Fusarium head blight – 70 %, and stem rust – 50 %. A relatively low frequency of manifestation has been observed with septoriose and rhynchosporium – 35 and 30 %. However, taking into account the development of winter rye diseases which exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness (ETH), the studied pathocomplexes have different levels of danger. Thus, the development of brown rust above ETH was diagnosed 13 times within 19 years. The most severe disease development (20.0-52.0 %) was in 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2010; weak - in 2007 (0.8 %), 2017 (1.4 %), 2015 (2.4 %), and 2011 (5 %). The manifestation of powdery mildew above ETH was observed 6 times within 15 years, disease development was at the level of 13.0-53.0 %. The development of septoriose above ETH was diagnosed 6 times within 7 years with the development of disease from 13.5 to 63.0 %. Development of stem rust above ETH was diagnosed 5 times within 10 years with the status of the sign of 15.0-20.0 %. The cyclicity of spread of the most harmful diseases and trends of their change in agrocenoses of winter rye are shown. Thus, the most epitphytotically dangerous diseases include snow mold, brown rust, stem rust, powdery mildew and septoriose. Constant control is also required in relation to ergot and Fusarium head blight. These diseases should be an object for breeding-and-immunological studies.

The Aquaporin TaPIP2;10 Confers Resistance to Two Fungal Diseases in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
Kai Lu ◽  
Xiaohui Yao ◽  
Liyuan Zhang ◽  
Fubin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Source Plant

Plants employ aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family to import environmental substrates, thereby affecting various processes, such as the cellular responses regulated by the signaling molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) contains 24 candidate members of the PIP family, designated as TaPIP1;1 to TaPIP1;12 and TaPIP2;1 to TaPIP2;12. To date, none of these TaPIP candidates has been characterized for substrate selectivity or defense responses in their source plant. Here, we report that T. aestivum aquaporin TaPIP2;10 facilitates the cellular uptake of H2O2 to confer resistance against powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, two devastating fungal diseases in wheat throughout the world. In wheat, the apoplastic H2O2 signal is induced by fungal attack, while TaPIP2;10 is stimulated to translocate this H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where it activates defense responses to restrict further attack. TaPIP2;10-mediated transport of H2O2 is essential for pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggered plant immunity (PTI). Typical PTI responses are induced by the fungal infection and intensified by overexpression of the TaPIP2;10 gene. TaPIP2;10 overexpression causes a 70% enhancement in wheat resistance to powdery mildew and an 86% enhancement in resistance to Fusarium head blight. By reducing the disease severities, TaPIP2;10 overexpression brings about more than 37% increase in wheat grain yield. These results verify the feasibility of using an immunity-relevant aquaporin to concomitantly improve crop productivity and immunity.

Instant Insights: Fusarium in cereals

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact

This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on fusarium in cereal crops. The first chapter describes how progress can be built over current agricultural practices in integrated pest management plans. It also addresses the disease cycle of Fusarium head blight, host–pathogen interactions, genetic resistance, the role of mycotoxins, as well as the impact of the disease on yields and loss of crop quality. The second chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley, as well as what we know about the mechanisms of barley genetic resistance to fungal pathogens. It features detailed discussions on biotrophic foliar diseases such as stem rust and powdery mildew and necrotrophic diseases such as spot blotch and Fusarium head blight. The third chapter reviews control measures for Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew, including the development of resistant cultivars. The final chapter considers the current status of global wheat production, the impact of crop loss on food security and the emergence of the current regulatory environment surrounding pesticides. It also features discussions on the current status of the global fungicide market.

Role of Temperature and Moisture in the Production and Maturation of Gibberella zeae Perithecia

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Dufault ◽  
E. D. De Wolf ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Controlled Environments

Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in North America. Ascospores released from the perithecia of G. zeae are a major source of inoculum for FHB. The influence of temperature and moisture on perithecial production and development was evaluated by monitoring autoclaved inoculated cornstalk sections in controlled environments. Perithecial development was assessed at all combinations of five temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28°C) and four moisture levels with means (range) -0.45 (-0.18, -1.16), -1.30 (-0.81, -1.68), -2.36 (-1.34, -3.53) and -4.02 (-2.39, -5.88) MPa. Moisture levels of -0.45 and -1.30 MPa and temperatures from 16 to 24°C promoted perithecial production and development. Temperatures of 12 and 28°C and moisture levels of -2.36 and -4.02 MPa either slowed or limited perithecial production and development. The water potential of -1.30 MPa had mature perithecia after 10 days at 20°C, but not until after 15 days for 24°C. In contrast, few perithecia achieved maturity and produced ascospores at lower moisture levels (-2.36 and -4.02 MPa) and low (12°C) and high (28°C) temperatures. In the future, it may be possible to use the information gathered in these experiments to improve the accuracy of FHB forecasting systems.

Island barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
S. M. ter Beek ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Island is a two-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, high test weight, high seed weight, excellent resistance to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. Island performs well in the Maritimes, Quebec, and Ontario. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high seed weight, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight

scholarly journals Cereal resistance to Fusarium head blight and possibilities of its improvement through breeding

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kosová ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Response ◽  
High Level

The aim of this review is to summarize recent information on Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small grain cereals, especially in wheat and barley. Basic information on FHB epidemiology, types of resistance and plant resistance mechanisms is included. Standard methods for the evaluation of the individual types of FHB resistance and the extent of infection are briefly described. Special attention is paid to the sources of FHB resistance of different origin and possibility of their exploitation in cereal breeding. Unfortunately, a high level of FHB resistance was detected in non-adapted germplasm or distant relatives, which is a serious impediment to breeding progress in this field. The present state of breeding for FHB resistance in wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats was analyzed. It was shown that large-scale QTL detections provide new opportunities for increasing the resistance; however, multi-step phenotypic selection still remains to be the most effective tool. Pedigree analyses indicated that the latest progress reached in this field was obtained through the cumulation of resistance genes coming from heterogeneous sources with different response to FHB.

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