scholarly journals Zapach wojny i gór. Huculi i Huculszczyzna w międzywojennej literaturze polskiej o tematyce współczesnej (część I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
Jagoda Wierzejska
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
First World ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is the first part of a comprehensive study on representations of Hutsuls and the Hutsul region in the interwar Polish literature, which showed them during the First World War and the wars for the borders of the Second Polish Republic, as well as in the 1920s and 1930s. The article discuses, first and foremost, literary visions of Hutsuls and their native land in the wartime. It argues that these visions were deeply affected by war events that took place in the Eastern Carpathians in 1914–1915, when Polish soldiers from the 2nd and 3rd Legions Infantry Regiments fought with Russians and occasionally cooperated with some military volunteers recruited from the Hutsul community. The interwar Polish literature showed the Eastern Carpathians as a space where Polish soldiers’ bravery and dedication to the national cause were distinctly manifested. It also described and, as a matter of fact, exaggerated acts of fraternization between Polish legionnaires and the Hutsuls. This way the Polish literature imposed an important, patriotic significance to the Hutsul region and strengthened its position in the Polish national memory. Simultaneously, it showed the whole Hutsul community as allies of Poles in the fight for independence. This literary approach suggested that Hutsuls had their own history and cultural reality that differed from the Ukrainian one but fit in well with the history and contemporary times of Poles.

scholarly journals Carrying their native land and their new home in their hearts Mihailo Pupin and Bishop Nikolai of Zica between their native and adopted country

Balcanica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 245-259
Author(s):  
Maxim Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Native Land ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The present study gives us an opportunity to look at the Christian heritage that the Serbian immigrants brought to the new land of Americas through the examples of Mihailo Pupin and Nikolai Velimirovic, Bishop of Zica, since these two names are indelibly inscribed in the history of the so-called Serbica Americana. The paper is divided into two sections dealing specifically with their Serbianism and Americanism to show that a distribution of love and loyalty between their native and adopted country functioned in a fruitful way. Based on a detailed analysis of their writings, the author suggests that Serbians and Americans remember Pupin and Velimirovic because they enjoy the benefits of their remarkable contributions. The following aspects of Pupin?s and Nikolai?s lives are examined: their deep concern with the fate of Serbia during and after the First World War; their leading roles among the Serbs in the United States through their assistance in establishing Serbian churches and communities, through their scholarship funds, philanthropic work, etc. Their genuine care for Serbia and Serbs was in no way an obstacle in their adjustment to their adopted country.

scholarly journals Program direction of „Gazeta Grudziądzka” 1894–1939 – selected aspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Teresa Astramowicz-Leyk
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Publishing Company ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Popular Movement ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
First World

This article presents the principle programming assumptions of the „Gazeta Grudziądzka” (1894–1939), written and published by one of the leaders of the popular movement in Western Prussia, Wiktor Kulerski. The rectified information refers to the date of the publication of the first issue of the magazine and the address of the printing house. Polish literature from Grudziądz had a popular, nationalist and Catholic character. The founder and owner of the paper and his colleagues focused on these three values. The „Gazeta” reached its largest circulation before the First World War. Later, due to the territorial changes in Greater Poland, uprisings and the attitudes of the publisher during the First World War, it was not easy to attract readers. With the accession of Kulerski to the Polish People’s Party „Piast”, the paper became a press instrument of the popular movement. Moreover, after the founder’s death his son, Witold, took over the publishing company. The enduring feature of the „Gazeta Grudziądzka” program was economic anti-Semitism. Nationalism was strongly emphasized until the First World War, but it was presented as a defence against the Germanization of Polish society under Prussian occupation.

scholarly journals Zapach wojny i gór. Huculi i Huculszczyzna w międzywojennej literaturze polskiej o tematyce współczesnej (część II)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
Jagoda Wierzejska
Keyword(s):  
Perfect Match ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
First World

The article is the second part of a comprehensive study on representations of Hutsuls and the Hutsul region in the interwar Polish literature, which showed them during the First World War and the wars for the borders of the Second Polish Republic, as well as in the 1920s and 1930s. The article discuses, first and foremost, literary visions of Hutsuls and their native land in the third and fourth decade of the 20th century. The interwar Polish literature, which showed the Hutsul region “of today”, paid special attention to peacetime partnership of Poles and Hutsuls, which was to follow their wartime joint actions against Russians in the Eastern Carpathians in 1914–1915. It implied that this partnership was a result of a perfect match between the Polish national component and the Hutsul ethnic element. The article argues that Polish literature showed the compatibility of Poles and Hutsuls in the macro and micro dimensions. On the macro level, it was to be manifested, on the one hand, in the effective help of the Polish state institutions for Hutsuls, on the other hand, in the gratitude of Hutsuls for Poles. On the micro level, the Polish-Hutsul compatibility was to be manifested in friendly or intimate relations of representatives of both groups; relations which were invariably successful in spite of the fact that the Polish side dominated them and felt entitled to lead a civilization mission among Hutsuls. Such literary visions presented the Hutsul region as an integral part of the Second Polish Republic and its indigenous inhabitants as loyal citizens of the entire country. They also made it clear that Hutsuls affirmed Polishness and that Poles were welcomed and needed in the Hutsuls’s land. 

Belgian Government Policy and the Petite Bourgeoisie (1918–40)

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Heyrman
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
First World War ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Petite Bourgeoisie ◽  
Late Start ◽  
First World ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Historical research into the petite bourgeoisie in Belgium did not begin until quite a bit later than it did abroad. On closer inspection, that was no bad thing. Because of the late start by Belgian historians, they were more open-minded and less inclined towards the research into the roots of Fascism which was largely based on pre-war sociological theories. Beginning in 1980, pioneering research was carried out at the Université Libre de Bruxelles – for the most part on the period before the First World War. The research group under the direction of Ginette Kurgan-van Hentenryk systematically analysed several important series of sources and produced interesting detailed studies. In 1993 Serge Jaumain published a comprehensive study on Belgian retail trade in the period from 1880 to 1914.

scholarly journals Militarne reprezentacje w prozie Tadeusza Kudlińskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Jacek Rozmus
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
First World War ◽  
Main Character ◽  
World War ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Historical View ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
First World

The view of Europe betweeen 19th and 20th centuries was shaped mainly by militarism. It is confirmed by the works of Michael Howard, Ian F.W. Beckett, Martin van Creveld, and also material culture, which is the heritage of those times. Architecture, technology, as well assculptures and paintings created shortly before the First World War are an illustration of how Polish literature reacted to the conflict of 1914–1918. In Tadeusz Kudliński’s novel Smak świata, where the main character is an officer of the Austro-Hungarian artillery, the world is dominated by machines: railway, telephone etc. According to Bjonar Olsen, those things represent material culture in the view of Tim Dant, allowing the main character to keep his identity. The collection of essays Młodości mej stolica. Wspomnienia krakowianina między wojnami provide the reader with a historical view of the war in the Carpathian Mountains and on the Italian front.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document