Zapach wojny i gór. Huculi i Huculszczyzna w międzywojennej literaturze polskiej o tematyce współczesnej (część II)

The article is the second part of a comprehensive study on representations of Hutsuls and the Hutsul region in the interwar Polish literature, which showed them during the First World War and the wars for the borders of the Second Polish Republic, as well as in the 1920s and 1930s. The article discuses, first and foremost, literary visions of Hutsuls and their native land in the third and fourth decade of the 20th century. The interwar Polish literature, which showed the Hutsul region “of today”, paid special attention to peacetime partnership of Poles and Hutsuls, which was to follow their wartime joint actions against Russians in the Eastern Carpathians in 1914–1915. It implied that this partnership was a result of a perfect match between the Polish national component and the Hutsul ethnic element. The article argues that Polish literature showed the compatibility of Poles and Hutsuls in the macro and micro dimensions. On the macro level, it was to be manifested, on the one hand, in the effective help of the Polish state institutions for Hutsuls, on the other hand, in the gratitude of Hutsuls for Poles. On the micro level, the Polish-Hutsul compatibility was to be manifested in friendly or intimate relations of representatives of both groups; relations which were invariably successful in spite of the fact that the Polish side dominated them and felt entitled to lead a civilization mission among Hutsuls. Such literary visions presented the Hutsul region as an integral part of the Second Polish Republic and its indigenous inhabitants as loyal citizens of the entire country. They also made it clear that Hutsuls affirmed Polishness and that Poles were welcomed and needed in the Hutsuls’s land.

More-than-human geographies: an encounter with Serres’ universality

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that some pertinent questions posed by diverse forms of more-than-human geographies can be explored innovatively and imaginatively by an encounter with Michel Serres’ philosophy. I explore some central ideas that run through more-than-human geographies, with a particular emphasis on those generated by feminist new materialists and decolonial thought. A snapshot of three potentially productive encounters with Serres’ investigations is explored: the audacious alignment of modern physics with Lucretian atomism; a non-representational philosophy of sensations that teases out the intimate relations between the body and thought; and diverse lessons from recent discoveries in science of the commonality of all living and inert matter. I argue that all three contribute to a philosophy that increasingly turns towards the formation of a decentred universal humanism. To clarify Serres’ distinctiveness, I contrast the latter with those who advocate a decolonial pluriversality. Overall, I indicate ways in which Serres’ thought confirms and challenges more-than-human approaches to geography and discloses inventive trajectories of thought.

Augustinus en vroulike homoërotiek in die vroeë Middeleeue: ’n Foucaultiaanse ideëhistoriese interpretasie

Augustine and female homoeroticism in the early Middle Ages: A Foucaultian idea-historical interpretation. Taking his reading of Romans 1:26–27 and Genesis 19 as its hermeneutical key, an idea-historical interpretation of the views of the Western church father Augustine of Hippo (354–430) on female homoeroticism is presented in this article. The accentuation of French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926–1984) on the overall significance of Augustine in the Western history of sexuality, in his posthumous Histoire de la sexualité 4 (Les aveux de la chair, under editorship of Frédéric Gros, 2018), is used to contextualise Augustine’s views on sexual desire as the ‘form of the will’, here positioned specifically within a female homoerotic context. Drawing on the substantial studies of John Boswell (in 1980) and Bernadette Brooten (in 1996), which, although relatively dated, are still without equal in Medieval research, the article subsequently explores Augustine’s views on intimate relations between women, both in monasteries and in secular society. It is shown that intimate relations between women must have transpired in fifth-century monasteries and that female homoeroticism was for the next two centuries dealt with with restraint rather than with forms of exclusion and punishment, despite the negative portrayals of same-sex relations by some of Augustine’s patristic contemporaries (particularly John Chrysostom [ca.347–407]), yet precisely on the basis of Augustine’s understated approach. Although Augustine renounced homoerotic relations as a form of ‘unnatural’ (for him, expressly, all ‘non-procreative’) sex, he dealt with the incidence of female same-sex relations with understatement. Given his general authority in the early Middle Ages, one effect of Augustine’s non-homophobic approach was that female homoeroticism was de facto bypassed as a ‘moral problem’ in the fifth and sixth centuries, until handbooks of penance, that prohibited all forms of same-sex relations, started circulating at the end of the sixth century.Contribution: This article contributes to the ongoing study of Medieval female sexuality, and particularly of female homoeroticism in late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, by exploring Augustine’s views on same-sex relations between women around the early fifth century, while concurrently contributing to ongoing analyses of Michel Foucault’s interpretation of the church and desert fathers in the (edited) fourth volume of Histoire de la sexualité (Les aveux de la chair), published in 2018.

Negotiating the Wild West: Variegated neoliberalisation of the Swedish labour migration regime and the wild berry migration industry

Neoliberalisation processes have long permeated Western societies, including a common direction towards neoliberal migration regimes. This paper combines the perspective of variegated neoliberalisation with the recent literature on migration industries, to investigate the neoliberalisation of the Swedish labour migration regime and how it affected and interacted with the wild berry migration industry. It shows how neoliberalisation as a historical and spatially contingent process resulted in the distinct phases of intertwined policymaking and enactment of the industry. The ‘roll back’ phase included mutual interests and ‘intimate relations’ between state and industry, which both empowered and increased the number of private actors, creating structures that remained during the regular restructuring phase of ‘roll out’ neoliberalisation. While adding the perspective of variegated neoliberalisation, the paper deepens the analysis of migration industries by pointing at neoliberalisation as a spatial and temporal process, where the interplay between state and industry, an enlarged number of intermediaries and the increased responsibility of private actors are central cornerstones. The Swedish case shows how the role of intermediaries in the wild berry migration industry was reconstructed in order for the neoliberal migration regime to regulate a previously irregular migration industry. It is concluded that strong but spatially contingent links exist between neoliberal political economies, migration regimes and migration industries.

Proses Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Membangun Relasi Pasangan Beda Agama GN dan DN

Couples of different religions are prone to conflicts related to issues, especially regarding beliefs. In interfaith marriages, the inner bond that exists between a man and a woman but of different religions gives rise to state and religious administrative obstacles as well as other non-administrative obstacles. The purpose of this study was to determine the communication process in building relationships between interfaith couples. This study uses interpersonal communication theory and social penetration theory. This research using qualitative descriptive methods and interviews to collect data. The data obtained is the result of in-depth interviews with 2 sources who have become husband and wife of different religions. The research process from data reduction, data presentation, then analyzed to draw conclusions. The results of this study explain that through the process intimate relations. Interpersonal communication processes that are intertwined become a means to build better and harmonious relationships. The process is influenced by the memory of each partner. In building relationships through interpersonal communication there are factors that influence relationships, such as two-way communication, openness, comfort, trust, and supportiveness is a way of maintaining relationships Keywords: Communication Process; Different religion; Interpersonal Communication; Interfaith Couples Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas tentang proses komunikasi dalam membangun relasi pasangan beda agama. Pasangan beda agama rentan adanya konflik yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan khususnya menyangkut keyakinan. Dalam perkawinan beda agama, ikatan batin yang terjalin antara seorang pria dan wanita tetapi berbeda agama sehingga memunculkan kendala administratif negara dan agama serta kendala non administratif lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses komunikasi dalam membangun relasi pasangan beda agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori komunikasi interpersonal, proses komunikasi dari pengenalan sampai dengan yang lebih intim pemetaan dari pengertian teori penetrasi sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data. Data yang diperoleh merupakan hasil wawancara mendalam dengan 2 narasumber yang telah menjadi suami istri yang berbeda agama. Proses penelitian dari reduksi data, penyajian data, kemudian dianalisis untuk pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa melalui proses dari intim menuju ke lebih intim. Proses komunikasi interpersonal yang terjalin menjadi sarana untuk membangun relasi yang lebih baik dan harmonis. Proses komunikasi membangun relasi tidak semata-mata langsung dekat ada proses didalamnya. Proses tersebut dipengaruhi oleh memori dari masing-masing pasangan. Penelitian sebelumnya menjelaskan mengenai kecerdasan dalam berkomunikasi dalam perbedaan agama antar pegawai dalam suatu instansi untuk mengetahui strategi dalam berkomunikasi. Dalam membangun relasi melalui komunikasi interpersonal ada faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi relasi seperti komunikasi dua arah, keterbukaan, kenyamanan, sikap percaya, suportif dan mendukung adalah cara dalam pemeliharaan hubunganKata Kunci: Beda Agama; Komunikasi Interpersonal; Pasangan Suami Istri; Proses Komunikasi

Filosofia, politica e società ai tempi della pandemia. Agamben e la «paranoia della ragione»

In this essay we will try to analyze the thought of the philosopher Giorgio Agamben on the pandemic. The aim of the work is twofold. On the one hand, we will try to demonstrate that Agamben’s positions on the pandemic are not to be understood as mere extemporaneous statements, but as integral parts of his philosophy. On the other hand, we will try to show how these positions are based on a deeply paranoid and anti-scientific vision, since Agamben believes that the effects of the epidemic have been exaggerated by the centers of power in order to create a “state of exception” that allows to crumble social life and to use the fear of poverty as a tool to dominate society. We will try to demonstrate that it is precisely starting from the critique of Agamben’s positions that it is possible to rethink a philosophy and a politic to come and a new reorganization of social and intimate relations between human beings.

Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Attributes - Violation of Right to Live with Dignity

Human Rights are inalienable. As stated by the UN Charter, gender equality is the fundamental right of every human being. As stated by the Vienna Declaration, women's and girls' rights are inalienable, integral, and form an indivisible part of universal human rights. The entire world has raised its voice and has reached its peak in the 1990s. India, precariously being a male-dominated society, has always looked down on a woman as a vulnerable group, to be dependent, owing to certain sociological, political, and biological conditions. Gender-based violence, as stated by the UN declaration, includes violence against women. It brings within it the broader framework of gender-based discrimination. In every nook and corner, we see and hear about violence against a girl child/ women irrespective of their age, caste, creed, social and economic conditions, and the happenings that shackle all humanity with ignominy. These instances profligately eliminate their basic human rights. Intimate Partner Violence is such a kind of violence, which is distinct from domestic violence and is most common among couples. It is a behavior prevailing in an intimate relationship that leads to physical, psychological, or sexual harm. It is restricted to marital status and extends to non-marital, extramarital relationships, dating couples, live-in relationships, and non-discriminatory. There are instances where women also abuse men in intimate relations. In cases of self-defense, women can be more violent against men. However, overwhelming instances illustrate women as victims in the hands of their male partners, existing or ex-partners. Though attached a social stigma to these relationships, the abuse meted in the hands of their perpetrators affects the physical and psychological traits. This paper mainly emphasizes the nature of Intimate Partner Violence, its instincts, the psychological disorders, and its effects on their right to live with dignity and concludes with possible suggestions and recommendations.

RATIONING OF THE INTIMATE LIFE OF COMMUNISTS AND KOMSOMOL MEMBERS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CONTROL COMMISSIONS OF THE RKP(B) IN THE 1920s (THE CASE OF PERM REGION)

The article highlights the practice of rationing the intimate life of communists and Komsomol members in the activities of the control commissions of the RKP(b) Perm region in the 1920s. It analyzes both the norms translated by Bolshevik ideologists and their application by such a significant institution as control commissions. The use of microhistorical analysis methods made it possible to make significant observations based on a relatively small circle of sources - on materials deposited in the Perm archives of the control commissions and other bodies of the RCP(b), as well as court cases. The publication deepens and concretizes the ideas about the tools for controlling private life in Soviet Russia in the 1920s. The authors come to the conclusion that the norms of intimate relations between men and women supported by the control commissions completely fit into the framework of “traditional” morality, which, in particular, was also preached by the Orthodox Church. At the same time, party ideologists and functionaries of the control commissions preferred to derive these norms from the prevailing ideologues about the "interests of the proletariat".

Close Intimate Relations between People with Intellectual Disabilities Constructivist Research: The Polish Perspective

The issues raised in this article are not often mentioned in the source literature. Available studies demonstrate that partnership issues for people with intellectual disabilities appear to be among the ignored problems. Empirical evidence indicates the participation of people with disabilities in the realization of these roles, but their realization is burdened with difficulties resulting from individual predispositions and social conditions. I am directing my research on partner relationships towards a constructivist–interpretative paradigm based on ontological relativism (the multiplicity of meanings given to the category of relationship can be observed at this point, arising in subjective reconstructions—statements—of the people surveyed), subjective epistemology (arising in the course of the research, which is co-created by the cognitor and the subject), and the naturalism of methodological procedures, which means the rejection of advanced statistics in favor of cognition of the true experiences of the subjects. I have assumed a qualitative nature for the research and the biographical method was used. The research aimed to answer the questions: How are the relationships of people with intellectual disabilities understood? What meaning do people with intellectual disabilities assign to love and relationships and their own intimate relations (sexuality)? A literal linguistic analysis of the statements of those tested with the Atlas.ti software is presented in the results. The article depicts the way people with intellectual disabilities describe their relationships, how they feel in the relationships they create, and thus, what linguistic means of expression they use to communicate their intentions and expectations with respect to their partner.