scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT NATURAL ENEMIES IN THE HARLEQUIN LADYBIRD HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE)

Redia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
LUCA ESZTER BALOG ◽  
OLEKSANDR HOLOVACHOV ◽  
JÚLIA KATALIN TÖRÖK
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird ◽  
Dinocampus Coccinellae ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is one of the most common invasive alien species in the world, which has a global impact on biodiversity and agriculture, and causes economic loss and harm to humans. This insect can be infected by different natural enemies, but their interactions remain understudied. In the present study, 581 adult Ha. axyridis specimens were collected from 21 localities in Hungary with the help of citizen scientists and examined for natural enemies. The parasitic nematode Parasitylenchus bifurcatus (Nematoda: Allantonematidae) is reported in Hungary on the harlequin ladybird for the first time. The ladybirds were also infected by the ectoparasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) and parasitoid Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The nematode parasite was present in all localities where Hesperomyces-infected ladybirds appeared. The prevalence of recorded natural enemies varied by locality: for P. bifurcatus it ranged from 1% to 8%; for He. virescens from 2% to 36%; and for the parasitoid it was 4%. Besides, a statistically significant positive correlation was shown between the nematode and the fungus co-infection using Spearman’s correlation. A study on the multiparasitism of harlequin ladybirds was not yet performed in Hungary. The study area is located between two distant areas in Europe where co-infections had already been observed, indicating that this is probably not a sporadic phenomenon, but that parasitism of the harlequin ladybird by multiple natural enemies might be prevalent throughout the area.

scholarly journals Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Haelewaters ◽  
Thomas Hiller ◽  
Emily A. Kemp ◽  
Paul S. van Wielink ◽  
David I. Shapiro-Ilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
New Host ◽  
The North ◽  
Regulatory Effects

ABSTRACTHarmonia axyridis is an invasive alien ladybird in North America and Europe. Studies show that multiple natural enemies are using Ha. axyridis as a new host. However, thus far, no research has been undertaken to study the effects of simultaneous infections of multiple natural enemies on Ha. axyridis. We hypothesized that high thallus densities of the ectoparasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens on a ladybird weaken the host’s defenses, thereby making it more susceptible to infection by other natural enemies. We examined mortality of the North American-native Olla v-nigrum and Ha. axyridis co-infected with He. virescens and an entomopathogenic fungus—either Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae. Laboratory assays revealed that He. virescens-infected O. v-nigrum individuals are more susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, but Ha. axyridis does not suffer the same effects. This is in line with the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that invasive alien species in new geographic areas experience reduced regulatory effects from natural enemies compared to native species. Considering our results, we can ask how He. virescens affects survival when confronted by other pathogens that previously had little impact on Ha. axyridis.

scholarly journals Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Haelewaters ◽  
Thomas Hiller ◽  
Emily A. Kemp ◽  
Paul S. van Wielink ◽  
David I. Shapiro-Ilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
New Host ◽  
The North ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Harmonia axyridis is an invasive alien ladybird in North America and Europe. Studies show that multiple natural enemies are using Ha. axyridis as a new host. However, thus far, no research has been undertaken to study the effects of simultaneous infection by multiple natural enemies on Ha. axyridis. We hypothesized that high thallus densities of the ectoparasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens on a ladybird weaken the host’s defenses, thereby making it more susceptible to infection by other natural enemies. We examined mortality of the North American-native Olla v-nigrum and Ha. axyridis co-infected with He. virescens and an entomopathogenic fungus—either Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium brunneum. Laboratory assays revealed that He. virescens-infected O. v-nigrum individuals are more susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, but Ha. axyridis does not suffer the same effects. This is in line with the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that invasive alien species in new geographic areas experience reduced regulatory effects from natural enemies compared to native species. Considering our results, we can ask how He. virescens affects survival when confronted by other pathogens that previously had little impact on Ha. axyridis.

scholarly journals Spread of a model invasive alien species, the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis in Britain and Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. J. Brown ◽  
D. B. Roy ◽  
C. Harrower ◽  
H. J. Dean ◽  
S. L. Rorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird

Invasive alien species under attack: natural enemies of Harmonia axyridis in the Netherlands

BioControl ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Raak-van den Berg ◽  
Paul S. van Wielink ◽  
Peter W. de Jong ◽  
Gerrit Gort ◽  
Danny Haelewaters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Invasive Alien Species

scholarly journals Integrative Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of the Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae): Linking Species with Molecular Barcodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh ◽  
Gerrit Karssen ◽  
Marjolein Couvreur ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Wim Bert
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
New Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Pin nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus are obligate ectoparasites of a wide variety of plants that are distributed worldwide. In this study, individual morphologically vouchered nematode specimens of fourteen Paratylenchus species, including P. aculentus, P. elachistus, P. goodeyi, P. holdemani, P. idalimus, P. microdorus, P. nanus, P. neoamblycephalus, P. straeleni and P. veruculatus, are unequivocally linked to the D2-D3 of 28S, ITS, 18S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Combined with scanning electron microscopy and a molecular analysis of an additional nine known and thirteen unknown species originating from diverse geographic regions, a total of 92 D2-D3 of 28S, 41 ITS, 57 18S rRNA and 111 COI new gene sequences are presented. Paratylenchus elachistus, P. holdemani and P. neoamblycephalus are recorded for the first time in Belgium and P. idalimus for the first time in Europe. Paratylenchus is an excellent example of an incredibly diverse yet morphologically minimalistic plant-parasitic genus, and this study provides an integrated analysis of all available data, including coalescence-based molecular species delimitation, resulting in an updated Paratylenchus phylogeny and the corrective reassignment of 18 D2-D3 of 28S, 3 ITS, 3 18S rRNA and 25 COI gene sequences that were previously unidentified or incorrectly classified.

scholarly journals Transgenerational Effects of a Neonicotinoid and a Novel Sulfoximine Insecticide on the Harlequin Ladybird

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Changchun Dai ◽  
Michele Ricupero ◽  
Zequn Wang ◽  
Nicolas Desneux ◽  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a generalist predator and an effective biocontrol agent of various insect pests that has been exploited for the control of aphid pests in the greenhouse and field. However, insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and the potential non-target effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid for controlling aphid pests towards this biocontrol agent are little known. Although both sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of insects, sulfoxaflor has a novel chemical structure compared with neonicotinoids. We assessed the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid on H. axyridis simultaneously exposed via ingestion of contaminated prey and via residual contact on the host plant at LC20 and LC50 doses estimated for the cotton aphid. Imidacloprid significantly reduced the survival of H. axyridis adults compared to sulfoxaflor at the same lethal concentration against cotton aphid. Both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor reduced the proportion of ovipositing females, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, reduced the fecundity and fertility of the parental generation. In the progeny of imidacloprid- and sulfoxaflor-exposed parents, both tested LC50 concentrations significantly decreased the juvenile survival rate, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, prolonged the development time. Our findings provide evidence of the negative influence of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor at low lethal concentrations on the harlequin ladybird and on the progeny of exposed individuals, i.e., transgenerational effects. Hence, these findings stress the importance of optimizing the applications of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor for the control of aphid pests, aiming at preserving the biocontrol services provided by H. axyridis throughout the integrated pest management approach.

Ultrastructural evidence of sperm dimorphism in Deladenus sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Sphaerularioidea: Allantonematidae)

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Kosaka ◽  
Manabu Kusunoki ◽  
Vladimir Yushin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Parallel Fibres ◽  
Sperm Dimorphism ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Spherical Vesicles

AbstractThe dimorphic spermatozoa of the insect-parasitic nematode Deladenus sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Sphaerularioidea: Allantonematidae) were studied for the first time with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The immature spermatozoa from the testis of mycetophagous males are 10-12 μm diam. and 4-5 μm long unpolarised cells with a centrally located nucleus without a nuclear envelope. The cytoplasm contains mitochondria and specific components, membranous organelles (MO) and fibrous bodies (FB). The MO are spherical vesicles with an internal system of finger-like invaginations of the membrane; the spindle-shaped FB consist of tightly packed parallel fibres. Spermatozoa from the uteri of infective females of Deladenus sp. are vastly different in size being tiny cells ca 2 μm diam. with a spherical or oval nucleus. Each cell contains several mitochondria and MO. Although each individual of Deladenus sp. contains only monomorphic spermatozoa, sperm dimorphism was revealed after analysis of the whole life cycle. Despite a difference in size the cytological characters of both types of spermatozoa conform to the typical rhabditid pattern. The presence of both MO and FB in sphaerularioidid spermatozoa differentiates the superfamily Sphaerularioidea from Tylenchoidea whose representatives lack MO in the spermatogenic cells.

Occurrence and spread of Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in India

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5039 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-570
Author(s):  
SUNIL JOSHI ◽  
HASEENA BHASKAR ◽  
V.S. AASHIQ POON ◽  
B.R. JAYANTHI MALA ◽  
P.D. KAMALA JAYANTHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time

The notoriously destructive and invasive soft scale, Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), is recorded for the first time from India. The scale is redescribed to facilitate its identification and information on its host range, natural enemies and distribution is provided. An identification key to the Indian species in this genus is given. Management options in the event of an outbreak are discussed briefly. The establishment of this scale insect warrants special attention in India as it is a potentially damaging plant pest and has a broad host range across many plant families.  

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