Crude toxin of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype-B increase PARP-1 expression in gingival epithelium

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiotic biofilm. Many pathogens have been related with its progression and severity, one of which is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative bacteria with seven serotypes (a–g) according with the structure of its LPS, with serotype b defined as the most virulent compared with the other serotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of oral keratinocytes and macrophages to A. actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: Oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and macrophages (THP-1) were infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b and c. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, MMP-9, RANKL, TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-6, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and ICAM-1 was evaluated by qPCR at 2 and 24 h after infection. Results: An increase in the expression of these molecules was induced by all serotypes at both times of infection, with macrophages showing higher levels of expression at 24 h compared to epithelial cells in which the highest levels were observed in the first hours after infection. Conclusions: Keratinocytes and macrophages contribute to the inflammation in periodontitis from the early stages of infection, producing the first waves of cytokines, acting as the first signal for professional immune cell recruitment and modulation of more specific immune responses.

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Isolation of a Novel Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b Bacteriophage Capable of Lysing Bacteria within a Biofilm

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02115-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

pp. 3157-3159 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mario Castillo-Ruiz ◽

Enrique D. Vinés ◽

Camilo Montt ◽

Jorge Fernández ◽

José Manuel Delgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Mutagenesis ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Content Type ◽

First Report ◽

Serotype B

ABSTRACTA bacteriophage specific forAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansserotype b, able to kill the bacterium within a biofilm, was isolated. Random mutagenesis of this phage rendered a bacteriophage able to kill 99% of the bacteria within a biofilm. This is the first report of a biocontrol experiment againstA. actinomycetemcomitans.

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Topical application of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest in the rat gingival epithelium in vivo

Journal of Periodontal Research ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01348.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 389-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Ohara ◽

M. Miyauchi ◽

K. Tsuruda ◽

T. Takata ◽

M. Sugai

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Cycle Arrest ◽

Topical Application ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Gingival Epithelium

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Irsogladine maleate regulates neutrophil migration and E-cadherin expression in gingival epithelium stimulated by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Biochemical Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 79 (10) ◽

pp. 1496-1505 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Fujita ◽

Akiyoshi Kishimoto ◽

Hideki Shiba ◽

Kouichi Hayashida ◽

Mikihito Kajiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutrophil Migration ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Irsogladine Maleate ◽

Gingival Epithelium ◽

E Cadherin

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Differential Cell Lysis Among Periodontal Strains of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Is Not Reflected in Dissimilar Expression and Production of Leukotoxin

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8040211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anne Birkeholm Jensen ◽

Marianne Lund ◽

Niels Nørskov-Lauritsen ◽

Anders Johansson ◽

Rolf Claesson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Cell Lysis ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

Differential Cell ◽

A Cell ◽

Serotype B ◽

Comparison Of The Results

Leukotoxic potential of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains has been studied by the use of several methods, and results differ depending on the methods used. The aim of the present study was to perform a comprehensive examination of the leukotoxic potential of a collection of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains by use of three quantitative methods, Western blotting, ELISA, and mRNA expression assay and compare these results with previous data obtained by a cell lysis assay. A higher leukotoxic potential among JP2 genotype strains compared to non-JP2 genotype strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans was found by Western blotting, ELISA and mRNA expression assay. Leukotoxicity as determined by cell lysis assay showed a variation among strains examined, not only depending on being part of JP2 genotype vs. non-JP2 genotype group of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The leukotoxicity of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains as determined by cell lysis assay did not correspond to the leukotoxic potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains as determined by three quantitative methods. A comparison of the results obtained by ELISA and mRNA expression assay showed a reasonable correlation between these two methods. It seems important to use more than one method to assess the LtxA-related virulence capacity of A. actinomycetemcomitans in order to obtain comprehensive understanding of the leukotoxic potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains.

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Inhibitory effect of serotype a of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on the increased destructive potential of serotype b

Oral Diseases ◽

10.1111/odi.13237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 409-418

Author(s):

Leticia Rojas ◽

Samanta Melgar‐Rodríguez ◽

Jaime Díaz‐Zúñiga ◽

Carla Alvarez ◽

Gustavo Monasterio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Serotype A ◽

Serotype B ◽

Destructive Potential

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Multilocus Sequence Typing of Non-JP2 Serotype b Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Strains of Ghanaian and Swedish Origin

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.769671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Rolf Claesson ◽

Anders Johansson ◽

Carola Höglund Åberg ◽

Anders Esberg ◽

Dorte Haubek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Diagnostic Procedure ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Negative Bacterium ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Mlst Analysis ◽

Serotype B ◽

Periodontal Attachment Loss ◽

Sequence Types

Objective and MethodsThe Gram-negative bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontitis affecting young individuals. The geographic dissemination of the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of serotype b of this species was previously studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Here, we have used MLST to genetically characterize non-JP2 genotype strains of serotype b, isolated from individuals living in Ghana (n=41), and in Sweden (n=13), respectively.ResultsThe MLST analysis revealed a total of nine sequence types (ST). Both Ghanaian and Swedish isolates were distributed in ST 1-3. ST 5 and 6 were only identified among the Ghanaian strains, whereas ST 4, 7, 8 and 9 were uniquely represented among the Swedish strains. Previously, we characterized these non-JP2 genotype strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b by arbitrarily-primed (AP)-PCR, which distributed them into three groups, AP-PCR type 1, 2, and 3, respectively. AP-PCR type 1 strains are generally highly leukotoxic, and are associated with progression of periodontal attachment loss. As AP-PCR type 1 includes both JP2 genotype strains and a proportion of non-JP2 genotype strains of serotype b, a straightforward diagnostic procedure has been sought. This has revealed a gene, cagE, which appears to be conserved only in this AP-PCR type. According to our results, MLST was not a highly discriminatory method to identify AP-PCR type 1, as strains of this AP-PCR type could be found within three different ST: ST 2, ST 3 and ST 8.ConclusionAccording to MLST, a geographic dissemination of non-JP2 genotype A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b appears to exist. However, aiming to identify carriers of AP-PCR type 1, non-JP2 genotype serotype b, PCR with cagE-specific primers is likely the most efficient diagnostic procedure known today.

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