scholarly journals Diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopause

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ali Baziad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Vaginal Atrophy ◽  
Vaginal Dryness ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Litmus Paper ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urinary Problems

Objective: To review the diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopausal womenMethods: Literature reviewResults: Lack of estrogen negatively impacts the vagina and the urinary tract. The vagina becomes dry (atrophic) and then causing pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal atrophy can be diagnosed in the form of vaginal dryness (75%), painful sexual intercourse (38%), itching and discharge complaints. Sometimes the patient complained pain in urinating, frequent night urination, in-continence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Mucose of the cervix, vagina and vulva are thin. Vagina can bleed easi-ly. Diagnosis can also be made by measuring the pH of the vagina by using litmus paper and vaginal cytology. The management involves administration of local estrogen treatment using weak estrogen (E3) in the form of a cream. E3 cream does not need to be combined with progestogen. Other type of local hormonal therapy (TH) is DHEA cream. Giving a strong estrogen (E2) or equin estrogen should always be combined with progestogen to prevent endometrium hyperplasia, either administered locally or systemically. E3 cream is also safe in women with breast cancer who experienced vaginal atrophy.Conclusion: Lack of estrogen causes vaginal atrophy with symptoms of vaginal dryness. Vaginal atrophy also causes urinary problems. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination of vaginal pH and vaginal cytology. The management is by adminis-tering HT with estrogen. E3 creams is the most effective in relieving complaints caused by vaginal dryness and complaints caused by the bladder.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopause

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Baziad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Vaginal Atrophy ◽  
Vaginal Dryness ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Litmus Paper ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urinary Problems

Objective: To review the diagnosis and management of vaginal dryness in menopausal womenMethods: Literature reviewResults: Lack of estrogen negatively impacts the vagina and the urinary tract. The vagina becomes dry (atrophic) and then causing pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal atrophy can be diagnosed in the form of vaginal dryness (75%), painful sexual intercourse (38%), itching and discharge complaints. Sometimes the patient complained pain in urinating, frequent night urination, in-continence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Mucose of the cervix, vagina and vulva are thin. Vagina can bleed easi-ly. Diagnosis can also be made by measuring the pH of the vagina by using litmus paper and vaginal cytology. The management involves administration of local estrogen treatment using weak estrogen (E3) in the form of a cream. E3 cream does not need to be combined with progestogen. Other type of local hormonal therapy (TH) is DHEA cream. Giving a strong estrogen (E2) or equin estrogen should always be combined with progestogen to prevent endometrium hyperplasia, either administered locally or systemically. E3 cream is also safe in women with breast cancer who experienced vaginal atrophy.Conclusion: Lack of estrogen causes vaginal atrophy with symptoms of vaginal dryness. Vaginal atrophy also causes urinary problems. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination of vaginal pH and vaginal cytology. The management is by adminis-tering HT with estrogen. E3 creams is the most effective in relieving complaints caused by vaginal dryness and complaints caused by the bladder.

Current Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Solh ◽  
Rebekah Thomas ◽  
Christopher Roman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Tract Infections

Transposition of Distal Urethra in Female Patients with Recurrent Lower Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Sexual Intercourse

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
D. Pushkar ◽  
V. Dyakov ◽  
L. Gumin ◽  
A. Matsaev ◽  
M. Gvozdev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Zorc ◽  
Darcie A. Kiddoo ◽  
Kathy N. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

SUMMARY Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most commonly diagnosed bacterial infections of childhood. Although frequently encountered and well researched, diagnosis and management of UTI continue to be a controversial issue with many challenges for the clinician. Prevalence studies have shown that UTI may often be missed on history and physical examination, and the decision to screen for UTI must balance the risk for missed infections with the cost and inconvenience of testing. Interpretation of rapid diagnostic tests and culture is complicated by issues of contamination, false test results, and asymptomatic colonization of the urinary tract with nonpathogenic bacteria. The appropriate treatment of UTI has been controversial and has become more complex with the emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Finally, the anatomic evaluation and long-term management of a child after a UTI have been based on limited evidence, and newer studies question some of the tenets of prior recommendations. The goal of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the literature with particular attention to practical questions about diagnosis and management for the clinician.

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