Pengukuran Karakteristik Lahan Berbasis Internet of Things

Climate change is one of the factors that affect crop production, so it is necessary to implement strategies and technologies to maintain the availability of cereal crops in Indonesia. It is necessary to prepare the land for the early planting process and monitoring plant growth in order to produce maximum crops. Utilization of the Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to monitor soil temperature and pH in real time, so hope for the long term it can increase crop production. The purpose of this research is to make a prototype design system with Internet of Things (IoT) technology to obtain temperature and pH data. This tool will test the functional accuracy. This research for measuring the characteristics of land based on IOT uses a prototype method consisting of Communication, Quick Plan, Modelling Quick Design, Construction of prototype, and Development Delivery & Feedback. Assembling the Wemos microcontroller, D1 R1, Breadboard, DS18B20 temperature sensor, 4700 Ohm Resistor, soil pH sensor, and 16x2 I2C LCD and connected using jumper cables with application control will be implemented into Wemos D1 R1 using the C++ programming language using Arduino IDE. Testing of the tool is carried out to ensure that the sensor is functionally able to read the temperature and pH of the soil correctly. Testing used black box method and was implemented in 5 land axis points at Politeknik Negeri Jember. The results used tools and litmus paper showed the same value. The conclusion and benefit of detecting land characteristics using the Wemos microcontroller showed more detailed measurement results with numbers behind the comma and a tool accuration rate of 100%.

PENENTUAN SIFAT LARUTAN ASAM, BASA, DAN GARAM DENGAN INDIKATOR EKSTRAK DAUN TANAMAN HIAS

Learning Natural Sciences (IPA) is not only taught by means of lectures or memorization, but by experimental or demonstration methods, so that it is more active for students. In the experiment of acid-base solutions in science class VII SMP/MTs, natural indicators were used as a test solution to replace synthetic indicators. In addition to making students active, it also minimizes practicum costs. This experiment used leaf extracts of ornamental plants such as miana, butterfly and red purslane which were made together with students and teachers. After comparing the test results between synthetic indicators (litmus paper and phenolphthalein) with homemade natural indicators, it can be concluded that the extract can be used as an alternative to the solution test. Because there are different changes when dropped into an acid and alkaline solution. When tested the pH of the solution using the extract indicator, there was a change in the pH range in an acid solution of 3.2 and a base solution of 10.8. By observing the color change, it can be concluded that ornamental plant extracts can be used as an alternative to acid-base indicators to replace synthetic indicators. For miana the color changes from orange (acidic) – brownish yellow – light green (alkaline), red purslane from pink (acidic) – dark red to dark brown (alkaline) and butterfly from red (acid) – purple - to green (base). ABSTRAKPembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) tidak hanya diajarkan dengan cara ceramah atau menghafal saja melainkan dengan metode eksperimen atau demonstrasi, sehingga lebih mengaktifkan siswa. Pada percobaan larutan asam-basa dalam IPA kelas VII SMP/MTs digunakan indikator alamiah sebagai uji larutan menggantikan indikator sintetis. Selain membuat siswa aktif juga meminimalisir biaya praktiku=m. Percobaan ini digunakan ekstrak daun tanaman hias seperti miana, kupu-kupu dan krokot merah yang dibuat bersama-sama siswa dengan guru. Setelah membandingkan hasil uji antara indikator sintetis (kertas lakmus dan fenolftalein) dengan indikator alamiah buatan sendiri dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk uji larutan. Karena terdapat perubahan yang berbeda saat diteteskan ke dalam larutan asam dan basa. Saat diuji pH larutan dengan menggunakan indikator ekstrak tersebut terdapat perubahan rentang pH dalam larutan asam 3,2 dan larutan basa 10,8. Dengan mengamati perubahan warna dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa ekstrak tanaman hias dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa menggantikan indikator sintetis. Untuk miana perubahan warna dari oranye (asam) – kuning kecoklatan – hijau muda (basa), krokot merah dari merah muda (asam) – merah tua menjadi coklat tua (basa) dan kupu-kupu dari merah (asam) – ungu - menjadi hijau (basa).

Linguistic aspect of the formation of national identities in Lithuania in the late 19th and the first half of the 20th century

The issue of polonisation and the status of the Polish language has been the subject of intense interest in Lithuania to this day, not only in a cultural and historical context, but also in a political context, since Poles constitute the largest national minority there. This article is an attempt to describe the role of the linguistic aspect in the national transformations in Lithuania during the crucial period, i.e. the formation of modern national identities at the turn of the 19th century and their emancipation in the form of the politics of national states of the interwar period. The analysis includes a number of statistics on the presence of Lithuanian and Polish language in public space and their place in the context of a political, social and economic situation of Lithuanian territories. The creation of national states and the formation of linguistic and national processes from the top down by state administration were commonplace on both sides of the Lithuanian-Polish border. In Polish-Lithuanian relations it was the language that became the main hostage of the conflict and a kind of litmus paper for defining national identity, thus marginalising other aspects.

Origen's Influence on Augustine's teaching of time

The question of time represents the litmus paper on which we can see the underlying ontological view of the author. Reconsideration of influences on this field can help us in better understanding of movement of main thought during the time of the orthodox theology formulation. In our research we have been dedicated to finding the connection and influence between Origen and blessed Augustine. This kind of research can help us improve our overview of theological relations between East and West during the first 4 centuries, because it questions the connection between two great names from history of theology. We will see how, with the help of semantic analysis, the connection between the two theologians is being established. Origens teaching of time represents one creative attempt to formulate Christian understandings in a language of different philosophical schools. In perceiving new influences on Augustines understanding of time, we can contribute to clearer consideration of his thought, which, in the words of Otten, has the strongest implicit influence in Western theology of the early middle age, and in our opinion, that influence is extended all up until today

FEATURES OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS AT THE PATIENS WITH RECURRENT ORAL AFTS AND CONDOMITANT ACID-DEPENDENT DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Subject. Some features of the clinical picture, hygienic and microbiological state of the oral cavity, acidity and free-radical oxidation of the oral fluid in patients with recurrent aphthates on the background of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are considered. The aim is to assess the relationship between clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with recurrent oral aphthae associated with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Methodology. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 58 young people with revealed recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity against the background of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out. The level of oral hygiene was assessed using the ONI-s index, the state of free-radical oxidation of the oral fluid - the "Chemilumimer-003" device, individual representatives of the normal flora were identified by inoculating the contents from the surface of aphthous elements on special differential diagnostic media of the HiCrome series. The acidity of the oral fluid was determined using a universal indicator litmus paper pH-1-14, short-term intragastric pHmetry was performed directly during fibrogastroduodenoscopy. Results. In 46.4 % of those examined, recurrent aphthae were found on the oral mucosa. In persons with chronic gastritis and duodenitis, the frequency of recurrences once a year was 37.9 %, 2-3 times a year ― 62.0, with the presence of chronic pancreatitis against the background of hyperacid gastric secretion ― 44.8 and 55.2, respectively. In patients with recurrent aphthae, a low level of oral hygiene, a violation of its microbiome, and a change in the acidity of the oral fluid were revealed. Conclusions. The presence of recurrent aphthae complicates individual oral hygiene, because accompanied by severe pain and paresthetic symptoms. This is manifested by an increase in the ONI-S index and a disturbance in the state of the normobiome in the form of an increase in the growth of resident microflora against the background of changes in the acidity of the oral fluid. Chemiluminescence indices correlate with the hygienic state of the oral cavity, qualitative changes in the normobiota and pH of the oral fluid in the studied clinical groups.

A Voltammetric pH Sensor for Food and Biological Matrices

<div>Measurement of pH is of fundamental importance in a wide range of environmental, biological and industrial applications. Glass electrode and litmus paper are widely used for this, but the former is difficult to miniaturize, prone to drift and fragile, the latter is inaccurate. This paper describes a pH sensor based on an indoaniline-derivative (4-((4-aminophenyl)imino)-2,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5dien-1-one), which exploits alternating current voltammetry to measure pH in the range between 2 and 12 . The synthetized indoaniline-derivative was not genotoxic (A. cepa assay), and the sensor reliably measured pH in milk, tea, orange juice, blood, urine and saliva. Results were comparable with those obtained with a glass electrode calibrated with certified solutions (maximum relative standard deviation of 3 % and accuracy less than 0.2 pH unit). The sensor had negligible hysteresis, an almost Nernstian sensitivity (56 mV/pH) and was fully functional after a two-month storage. Sensor response showed a limited dependence on temperature (0.14 mV per pH unit and °C) and limited sensitivity to possible interferents such as lithium and sodium ions; its response to these was similar to that of a glass electrode, and was absent for ascorbic acid. </div>

A Voltammetric pH Sensor for Food and Biological Matrices

<div>Measurement of pH is of fundamental importance in a wide range of environmental, biological and industrial applications. Glass electrode and litmus paper are widely used for this, but the former is difficult to miniaturize, prone to drift and fragile, the latter is inaccurate. This paper describes a pH sensor based on an indoaniline-derivative (4-((4-aminophenyl)imino)-2,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5dien-1-one), which exploits alternating current voltammetry to measure pH in the range between 2 and 12 . The synthetized indoaniline-derivative was not genotoxic (A. cepa assay), and the sensor reliably measured pH in milk, tea, orange juice, blood, urine and saliva. Results were comparable with those obtained with a glass electrode calibrated with certified solutions (maximum relative standard deviation of 3 % and accuracy less than 0.2 pH unit). The sensor had negligible hysteresis, an almost Nernstian sensitivity (56 mV/pH) and was fully functional after a two-month storage. Sensor response showed a limited dependence on temperature (0.14 mV per pH unit and °C) and limited sensitivity to possible interferents such as lithium and sodium ions; its response to these was similar to that of a glass electrode, and was absent for ascorbic acid. </div>