scholarly journals The influence of CYP enzymes and ABCB1 on treatment outcomes in schizophrenia: association of CYP1A2 activity with adverse effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Cendrós ◽  
María Jesús Arranz ◽  
Mercè Torra ◽  
Rafael Penadés ◽  
Alex Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Cyp1a2 Activity ◽  
Cyp Enzymes

scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Renal and Audiology Toxicities in Patients with Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Tutik Kusmiati ◽  
Ariani Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Unfavorable Outcome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hospital Patients

Background: People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher risk for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). DR-TB patients with comorbidity of DM were also vulnerable to experience adverse effects of DR-TB treatment. Management of DR-TB with comorbidity of DM is complicated. Also, DM may affect TB response treatment and cause more adverse effects. Objectives: This study was conducted on DR pulmonary TB (DR-PTB) patients to evaluate the effect of DM on adverse effects, especially renal function impairment and audiology impairment, as well as treatment outcomes due to treatment regimens containing kanamycin. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2017 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Patients who received DR-TB regimens containing kanamycin were included in this study. HbA1c >7 was used to define DM. The adverse effects in this study were impaired renal function (increased serum creatinine) and audiology impairment. Results: Patients who experienced increased serum creatinine were 28/82 (34.1%) with DM and 20/120 (16.7%) without DM, audiology impairment were 22/82 (26.8%) with DM and 19/120 (15.8%) without DM, and unfavorable outcome were 37/82 (45%) with DM and 46/120 (38%) without DM. Moreover, DM is associated with adverse effects and treatment outcomes. Patients with DM have a risk ratio (RR) for increased serum creatinine, audiology impairment, and unfavorable outcome with RR 2.049 (95% CI: 1.242 – 3.379), RR 1.694 (95% CI: 0.982 – 2.925), and RR 1.177 (95% CI: 0.847 – 1.636), respectively. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of adverse effects, increased serum creatinine, and audiology impairment. Also, it increases the risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes in patients with DR-PTB who receive DR-TB regimens containing kanamycin.

Does polypharmacy affect treatment outcomes of people living with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201
Author(s):  
Thana Khawcharoenporn ◽  
Vitsaroot Tanslaruk
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Living With Hiv

Polypharmacy poses risks associated with drug-drug interactions, increased adverse effects, pill burden, poor compliance and unfavorable treatment outcomes. Whether polypharmacy affects treatment outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is largely unknown. A prospective study was conducted among PLHIV followed-up at a tertiary-care clinic of an academic medical center during January 2012 to December 2017. The clinic provided comprehensive HIV care with multidisciplinary team approach focusing on treatment adherence. Polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of 5 or more non-antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for at least one year. Of the 248 PLHIV included, 23 (9%) received polypharmacy. PLHIV with polypharmacy were older (median age 45 vs. 36 years), were more likely to have underlying diseases (65% vs. 18%) and had lower median initial CD4 counts (40 vs. 214 cells/mm3). The rates of virologic suppression at 12 months after ARV therapy were 96% and 92% in polypharmacy and non-polypharmacy groups, respectively (P = 0.70), while the median CD4 cell count increase was higher among the non-polypharmacy group at 12 months (207 vs. 403 cells/mm3; P < 0.001). There were no differences in rates of adverse effects and experienced drug-drug interactions. Hospitalization due to HIV-related diseases within 12 months after ARV initiation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 11.63, P = 0.004] and lower 3-item score for ARV adherence (aOR 0.49, P = 0.01) were independently associated with failure of virologic suppression at 12 months. These findings suggest that polypharmacy did not affect the virological outcomes among our PLHIV. Patients with the characteristics associated with virological failure should be closely monitored.

Pharmacogenomic Studies in Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review: Études Pharmacogénomiques en Déficiences Intellectuelles et Trouble du Spectre de L’autisme: Une Revue Systématique

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097195
Author(s):  
Kazunari Yoshida ◽  
Emiko Koyama ◽  
Clement C. Zai ◽  
Joseph H. Beitchman ◽  
James L. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Background: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often receive psychotropic medications such as antipsychotics and antidepressants to treat aberrant behaviors and mood symptoms, frequently resulting in polypharmacy and drug-related adverse effects. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) studies with ASD and/or ID (ASD/ID) have been scarce despite the promise of optimizing treatment outcomes. We reviewed the literature on PGx studies with antipsychotics and antidepressants (e.g., treatment response and adverse effects) in ASD/ID. Methods: We performed a systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, including peer-reviewed original articles in English referring to PGx in the treatment of ASD/ID in any age groups (e.g., treatment response and adverse effects). Results: A total of 28 PGx studies using mostly candidate gene approaches were identified across age groups. Notably, only 3 studies included adults with ASD/ID while the other 25 studies focused specifically on children/adolescents with ASD/ID. Twelve studies primarily investigated treatment response, of which 5 and 6 studies included patients treated with antipsychotics and antidepressants, respectively. Most interesting results for response were reported for 2 sets of candidate gene studies, namely: (1) The DRD3 Ser9Gly (rs6280) polymorphism was examined in patients treated with risperidone in 3 studies, 2 of which reported an association with risperidone treatment response and (2) the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and treatment response to antidepressants which was investigated in 4 studies, 3 of which reported significant associations. In regard to side effects, 9 of 15 studies focused on hyperprolactinemia in patients treated with risperidone. Among them, 7 and 5 studies examined the impact of CYP2D6 and DRD2 Taq1A polymorphisms, respectively, yielding mostly negative study findings. Conclusions: There is limited data available on PGx in individuals with ASD/ID and in particular in adults. Given the potential for PGx testing in improving treatment outcomes, additional PGx studies for psychotropic treatment in ASD/ID across age groups are warranted.

scholarly journals SUN-386 Treatment Outcomes of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid vs Oral Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zar Chi Pyone ◽  
Moe Wint Aung ◽  
Thein Myint ◽  
Than Saw Khin ◽  
Thinn Thinn Hlaing
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Oral Bisphosphonate ◽  
One Year

Abstract In real practice, many patients with osteoporosis are poorly compliant with oral bisphosphonate, partly due to gastrointestinal side effects and partly due to medication procedure leading to premature termination of treatment. Once yearly intravenous zoledronic acid is well tolerated; little or no gastrointestinal effects and effective drug in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with favourable dosing regimen to improve compliance of patients. So this study aims to study treatment outcomes of intravenous zoledronic acid vs oral alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This study was a randomized open label comparative study and included 94 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In this study, once yearly zoledronic acid (ZOL) infusion provided a greater reduction of serum procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) at 3 months than once weekly oral alendronate (ALN). Percentages of P1NP change in ZOL group was -70.25±17.51% and ALN group was -60.61±18.87% (P= 0.012). A decrease of P1NP ≥40% was observed in the majority of patients in both groups (89.4% in ZOL group and 85.1% in ALN group) (P= 0.536). ZOL was non-inferior to ALN in terms of BMD change at lumbar spine (4.8±5.5% in ZOL versus 4.9±4.5% in ALN treated patients) with P value of 0.922 and also at total hip (3.8±8.0% in ZOL versus 3.8±7.5% in ALN group) (P= 0.970). Two cases (4.3%) of new fractures was observed in ZOL group whereas 4 cases (8.5%) of new fractures occurred in ALN group over one year of study. The overall frequencies of treatment related adverse effects were similar between ZOL group (57.4%) and ALN group (42.6%) (P= 0.149). ZOL group showed significantly increased frequencies of musculoskeletal pain (57.4%) and acute phase reaction (12.8%) and 12.8% of participants in ALN group complained of heartburn. The overall preference to continue current medication was higher in ZOL group than ALN group (P= 0.002). The participants treated with ZOL were tend to have more satisfaction (P= 0.026) and willing to receive it longer period (P&lt; 0.001).Compared to weekly oral alendronate therapy in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, yearly infusion of 5 mg zoledronic acid infusion produced a significant greater response in serum P1NP at 3 months and similar change in BMD at one year of treatment and overall frequencies of adverse effects were similar between two treatment groups with excellent patient preference and satisfaction after zoledronate treatment. Reference: (1) Al-Bogami et al (2015) Favorable therapeutic response of osteoporotic patients to treatment with intravenous zoledronate compared with oral alendronate. Saudi Med J. 36(11):1305-1311. (2) Saag et al (2007) A single zoledronic acid infusion reduces bone resorption markers more rapidly than weekly oral alendronate in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Bone. 40:1238-1243.

Treatment Outcomes and Drug-Related Adverse Effects in IGG4-Related Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. S433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Manganis ◽  
T. Cargill ◽  
J.P. Corcoran ◽  
A.J. Ellis ◽  
R.W. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease

scholarly journals Comparison of Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Terms of Treatment Outcomes, Adverse Effects and Quality of Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Amir Ali Syed ◽  
Javeria Khaled Syeda ◽  
Mahnoor Ahmed ◽  
Afia Masroor Sara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Outcomes

The Influence of Specimen Thickness in Quantitative Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The application of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to light element analysis is rapidly becoming an important aspect of the microcharacterization of solids in materials science, however relatively stringent requirements exist on the specimen thickness under which one can obtain EELS data due to the adverse effects of multiple inelastic scattering.1,2 This study was initiated to determine the limitations on quantitative analysis of EELS data due to specimen thickness.

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