scholarly journals Determinants of Non-performing Loans

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Nudrat Fatima ◽  
Aryan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Risk Determinants ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

The aim of the empirical study is to investigate credit risk determinants in banking sectors across three kinds of South Asian economies. An accumulated sample of 105 unbalanced panel data of financial firms over the period of 2000-2015, by applying General Method of Moment (GMM) estimation techniques one-step at the difference in order to identify factors influencing credit risk. This study is inspired by two broad categories of explanatory variables which are bank-specific and macroeconomic. Bank-specific factors influencing unsystematic risk, while macroeconomic factors promoting systematic risk. The study uses a proxy of non-performing loans for credit risk in banking sectors of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The empirical results have been found aligned with theoretical arguments and literature as expected. In comparison, NPLs in Pakistan is greater than India and Bangladesh, while India has the lowest ratio of non-performing loans. The study documents that bank-specific factors (inefficiency, profitability, capital ratio and leverage) have a significant contribution towards credit risk. Further, the study also finds a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on non-performing loans. While, the result in the case of Bangladesh predicts contradictions that have no significant effect on non-performing loans at various levels. The overall results indicate that credit risk is not influenced by only external factors but also affect by internal factors like bad management and skimping etc.

scholarly journals Determinants of Liquidity Considering Role of Market Competition; Evidence from Pakistan’s Banking Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Amir Rafique ◽  
Muhammad Adeel ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Amir Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

Current study empirically analyzes bank specific factors and macroeconomic factors that determine the liquidity reserves of banks functioning in Pakistan. To highlight the association, current study performed random effects estimates on a data set of 20 banks from 2006 to 2016.  Bank specific factors include bank size, capital and credit Risk. GDP and Inflation are the macroeconomic factors that were considered. Market competition has been measured through HHI. Based on panel data analysis, current study suggests that bank specific factors (except capital), macroeconomic factors and market competition significantly affect liquidity reserves of banks in Pakistan. These factors include bank size, credit risk, market competition, GDP and inflation. In addition, bank size, credit risk, GDP and Inflation revealed a negative effect on bank liquidity. On the other hand, market competition revealed a positive effect on bank liquidity. Capital showed an insignificant effect on bank liquidity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Faktor Internal Spesifik Bank Terhadap Interest Rate di Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ilma Meidira Eprianto ◽  
Catur Rahayu Martiningtiyas
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>Tujuan</strong> - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor spesifik internal bank terhadap <em>interest rate</em>.</p><p><strong>Desain/Metodologi/Pendekatan</strong>  - Regresi data panel berganda yang digunakan  untuk mengukur pengaruh faktor spesifik internal bank seperti <em>liquidity</em>, <em>operational efficiency</em>, <em>credit risk</em>, <em>capitalization</em>, dan <em>lending out ratio</em> terhadap interest rate</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong> – Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa <em>efficiency</em> dan <em>credit</em> <em>risk</em> memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap <em>interest rate </em>sedangkan <em>liquidity</em>, <em>capitalization</em> dan <em>lending out ratio </em>tidak berpengaruh terhadap <em>interest rate</em>.</p><p><strong>Keterbatasan/Nilai </strong>– Pengukuran <em>interest rate</em> tidak menggunakan suku bunga sbi tetapi perhitungan selisih antara suku bunga pinjaman dan suku bunga deposito.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Proposed</strong> - This study aims to determine the effect of bank's specific internal factors on interest rates.</p><p><strong>Design/Methodology/Approach</strong>  - Mutiple panel data was used to analyse bank internal specific factors, namely liquidity, operational efficiency, credit risk, capitalization, and lending out ratio to the interest rate.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>  – The results of this study indicate that efficiency and credit risk have a significant positive effect on interest rates while liquidity but capitalization and lending out ratio do not affect the interest rate</p><p><strong>Novelty/Value</strong> - Interest rate measurement does not use the SBI interest rate but calculates the difference between the loan interest rate and the deposit rate.</p>

scholarly journals The Effects of Macroeconomic and Bank Specific Factors on Nonperforming Financing in Sharia Commercial Bank in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 081
Author(s):  
Keti Purnamasari ◽  
Tariza Putri Ramayanti
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Financing Risk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

Financing risk is often associated with the risk of default. This risk refers to the potential losses faced by the bank when financing provided to debtors is stuck. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of macroeconomic and bank specific factors on nonperforming financing in sharia commercial bank in Indonesia. The macroeconomic factors included; inflation and Bank Indonesia Certificates Sharia (SBIS). The Bank specific factors included; Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), Operations Expenses to Operations Income (BOPO), and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR). The period covered under this study was January 2011 to December 2017. Data was collected from Bank Indonesia website and Indonesia Banking Statistics. Contrary to other studies, the inflation and SBIS have not been found statistically significant with nonperforming financing. The results also show that NPF can be explained mainly by Bank specific factors. CAR, ROA, and FDR have a negative effect on NPF while BOPO has a positive effect on NPF.

scholarly journals Impact of Macro Economy on Financial Stability in Malaysia

SPLASH Magz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Bambang Hadi Prabowo ◽  
◽  
Maria Garcia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

Research studies the influence of macroeconomic factors (inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates) and bank-specific factors (credit) on Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Malaysia for the period 2015 to 2018. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to determine the effect of variables. independent consisting of macroeconomic factors and bank-specific factors. Based on the VECM estimation results, three variables that have a positive and significant effect on long-term NPL are credit, inflation and interest rates. Meanwhile, in the short term, there are only two variables that have a positive and significant effect on NPL, namely credit and interest rates. Inflation and exchange rate variables have a negative and insignificant effect on NPL in the short term.

scholarly journals BANK SPECIFIC AND MACRO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES COMMERCIAL BANKS PROFITABILITY: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-677
Author(s):  
Jamil Salem Al Zaidanin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

This study attempts to identify the Bank Specific and Macro-economic Determinants of The United Arab Emirates Commercial Banks Profitability measured by Return on Assets, Return on Equity and Net Interest Margin. The study uses bank-specificand microeconomic factors as independentvariables. The bank-specific factors include bank size, capital adequacy, assets quality, liquidity, deposits, diversification ,business mix, and efficiency, while the macroeconomic factors include real Gross Domestic Product growth, Inflation Rate, and Real Interest Rate.Regression models were used to relate bank profitability ratios to the independent variables built on panel data for the period 2013-2019 of sixteen commercial banks operating in the United Arab Emirates.The results of the study show thatassetsize, liquidity, off-balance sheet activities, and diversification have significant impact on profitability as measured by theNet Interest Margin. In addition, loans under follow-up to total loans, and managerial efficiency are found to behighlysignificantvariables of profitability in the context of the United Arab Emirates commercial banks as measured by Return on Assets and Return on Equity. Furthermore, diversification has a significant impact on profitability as measured by Return on Assets. The remaining bank-specific factors (capital adequacy, loans to total assets, liquidity, deposits to assets ratio, and operating expenses to total assets ratio) and macroeconomic factors have no significant effect on bank profitability. The results of the study suggest that banks can improve their profitability through maintaining high operating income, decreasing the size of non-performing loans, full utilization of liquid assets, more concentration on the main activities, efficiently managing their operating expenses, and taking advantage of the Gross Domestic Productgrowth , inflation and Interest Rate changes to improve the banks performance and profitability. In addition, it is recommended to make further studies on the banks performance with an expanded scope which is tobe extended to other industries.

Determinants of Portuguese firms’ financial performance: panel data evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1323-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Simões Vieira ◽  
Maria Elisabete Neves ◽  
António Gomes Dias
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insider Ownership ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of Portuguese firms’ performance. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this aim, the authors used data from 37 non-financial firms in the period between 2010 and 2015. Three dependent variables were tested and the estimation of the model using the Generalised Method of Moments shows that internal, external and institutional factors are important to explain the performance of firms listed in Euronext Lisbon. Findings The determinants of firm performance vary depending on the variable used to measure the performance. Specifically, the results show that when the authors use a market variable of performance, the firm-specific variables are not so important to explain performance. The macroeconomic factors, including the investor’s sentiment and insider ownership, more effectively explain the firm’s performance. The evidence suggests that the determinants of firm performance change according to the way in which different stakeholders appreciate firm performance. Originality/value The main contribution of such approach is to show that internal and external factors influence performance measures in distinct ways, thus helping managers who are expected to make decisions according to the investors’ expectations. It provides initial guidelines for policy makers to understand how to improve the performance of their firms using firm-specific factors. Additionally, this work also demonstrates that the firm’s characteristics, macroeconomics and governance factors could affect the Portuguese firms’ performance, conveying a valuable contribution for investors.

scholarly journals The effect of credit risk management and bank-specific factors on the financial performance of the South Asian commercial banks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asima Siddique ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Zeeshan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

PurposeAmong all of the world's continents, Asia is the most important continent and contributes 60% of world growth but facing the serving issue of high nonperforming loans (NPLs). Therefore, the current study aims to capture the effect of credit risk management and bank-specific factors on South Asian commercial banks' financial performance (FP). The credit risk measures used in this study were NPLs and capital adequacy ratio (CAR), while cost-efficiency ratio (CER), average lending rate (ALR) and liquidity ratio (LR) were used as bank-specific factors. On the other hand, return on equity (ROE) and return on the asset (ROA) were taken as a measure of FP.Design/methodology/approachSecondary data were collected from 19 commercial banks (10 commercial banks from Pakistan and 9 commercial banks from India) in the country for a period of 10 years from 2009 to 2018. The generalized method of moment (GMM) is used for the coefficient estimation to overcome the effects of some endogenous variables.FindingsThe results indicated that NPLs, CER and LR have significantly negatively related to FP (ROA and ROE), while CAR and ALR have significantly positively related to the FP of the Asian commercial banks.Practical implicationsThe current study result recommends that policymakers of Asian countries should create a strong financial environment by implementing that monetary policy that stimulates interest rates in this way that automatically helps to lower down the high ratio of NPLs (tied monitoring system). Liquidity position should be well maintained so that even in a high competition environment, the commercial is able to survive in that environment.Originality/valueThe present paper contributes to the prevailing literature that this is a comparison study between developed and developing countries of Asia that is a unique comparison because the study targets only one region and then on the basis of income, the results of this study are compared. Moreover, the contribution of the study is to include some accounting-based measures and market-based measures of the FP of commercial banks at a time.

An empirical analysis of bank specific factors affecting interest rate of Ugandan banking financial institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Sulait Tumwine ◽  
Samuel Sejjaaka ◽  
Edward Bbaale ◽  
Nixon Kamukama
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
African Region ◽  
Regression Estimate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of bank specific factors on interest rate in banking financial institutions (BFIs) of Uganda. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the effect, an OLS random effects regression estimate on a data set of 24 banks from 2008 to 2016 from Bank of Uganda Depository Corporation survey was carried out. Studied bank specific factors including liquidity, operational efficiency, credit risk, capitalization and lending ratio are considered. Findings The results indicate that liquidity, operational efficiency, capitalization and lending out ratio affect the interest rate while credit risk does not. Research limitations/implications The study has confirmed that bank specific factors influence interest rate and other factors such as industry-level and indirect macroeconomic indicators need to be explored. The differences in categories of banks on interest rate would be of importance. Finally, this study concentrated on banks in Uganda, future study would focus on the comparison of Ugandan banks with those of other countries in the East African Region. Practical implications Bank managers should invest in up-to-date technology to reduce operational costs and improve efficiency. Managers of bank should take interest on equity mobilization, because it constitutes a cheaper source of capital to finance asset used in operations and long-term needs of borrowers financing. Government should consider a legislation that provides incentives toward savings and reduction in tax for bank inputs. Originality/value This is the first study that investigates the effect of bank specific factors on interest rate in Uganda’s BFIs.

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