Optimasi Produksi Asap Cair Dari Kayu Medang (Cinnamomum sp.) Menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon

In this work medang wood (Cinnamomum spp.) was pyrolyzed to produces wood vinegar. The effect of several parameters including the wood particle size, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on the pyrolysis efficiency was tested to identify the optimal wood vinegar production conditions. The efficient response surface methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for modeling and optimization of the process parameters. RSM used three variable designs namely particle size of wood of 2.38, 3.36, and 4.76 mm, respectively, pyrolysis temperature of 370, 400 and 430°C, respectively, and pyrolysis times 90, 120 and 150 minutes, respectively, with the total of 15 experimental runs. The responses of the BBD fitted with a second-order polynomial equation, illustrating the wood vinegar yield was Y = 15.20 + 0.31 X1 + 5.00 X2 + 0.48 X3 – 1.84 X12 – 1.18 X22 + 0.63 X1.X2 + 0.35 X1.X3 + 0.31 X2.X3 – 0.27 X3.X3. The optimal conditions found to be at the particle size of wood, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time were 4.76 mm, 475 °C, 195 minutes, respectively, and yield of wood vinegar was 22.90%.

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Optimization and Characterization of Wood Vinegar Produced by Shorea laevis Ridl Wood Pyrolysis

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.45783 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 825

Author(s):

Hasan Ashari Oramahi ◽

Tsuyoshi Yoshimura ◽

Elvi Rusmiyanto ◽

Kustiati Kustiati

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Particle Size ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Wood Particle ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Wood Vinegar ◽

Wood Pyrolysis ◽

The Mathematical Model

In this study, the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of wood particle size, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on the production of wood vinegar from Indonesia “bengkirai” wood (Shorea laevis Ridl). Characterization of wood vinegar was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three variable designs consisting of wood particle size (2.00, 2.38, and 3.36 mm), pyrolysis temperature (350, 400, and 450 °C), and pyrolysis time (105, 120, and 135 min) were employed in a BBD response surface methodology (RSM-BBD). RSM-BBD results suggested that maximum wood vinegar yield would be obtained with a wood particle size of 3.85 mm, pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, and pyrolysis time of 93 min. In addition, the mathematical model indicated the maximum wood vinegar yield would be 30.31%. The main compounds in wood vinegar were acetic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, furfural, 2,3-pentanedione, phenol, 2-methoxy phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methyl phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy phenol, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene.

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Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Glucose Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2013/104502 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Satriani Aga Pasma ◽

Rusli Daik ◽

Mohamad Yusof Maskat ◽

Osman Hassan

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Validation Experiments

Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills. It contains mainly cellulose from which glucose can be derived to serve as raw materials for valuable chemicals such as succinic acid. A three-level Box-Behnken design combined with the canonical and ridge analysis was employed to optimize the process parameters for glucose production from OPEFB cellulose using enzymatic hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment was used to extract cellulose from OPEFB using ethanol and water as the solvents. The extracted cellulose was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Hydrolysis parameters including amount of enzyme, amount of cellulose, and reaction time were investigated. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis and found that more than 97% of the variations could be predicted by the models. Using the ridge analysis, the optimal conditions reaction time found for the production of glucose was 76 hours and 30 min, whereas the optimum amount of enzyme and cellulose was 0.5 mL and 0.9 g, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the corresponding response value predicted for glucose concentration was 169.34 g/L, which was confirmed by validation experiments.

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A Novel Application of Refinery Merox Unit Wastewater for Bovine Hide Unhairing

Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ◽

10.34314/jalca.v115i8.3844 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 301-308

Author(s):

Asgarifard Pourya ◽

Tafreshi Navid ◽

Sharifi Akbar

Keyword(s):

Optimum Condition ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Process Time ◽

P Value ◽

Environment Pollution ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Tanning Process ◽

Bovine Hide

Unhairing is one of the major steps of the leather tanning process which removes the hairs, epidermis and to some degree inter-fibrillary proteins. This process needs high amounts of chemicals that cause environmental difficulties. On the other hand, these chemicals are available in the wastewater of the Merox unit of Kermanshah Refinery. For reducing chemical consumption and decreasing environment pollution, we used the aforementioned wastewater for bovine unhairing. A unhairing liquor was prepared in order to unhair skins and different parameters such as the concentration of CaCO3 and Na2S, process time, and temperature were considered to evaluate their impact on the unhairing process and to obtain optimum condition. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was applied to model the unhairing efficiency in terms of four independent variables. A second-order polynomial equation was suggested to predict the response with high certainty. ANOVA revealed the validity and importance of that model by P-value of < 0.0001, large F-values, and, R2 of 98.8. The maximum unhairing efficiency of about 98.5 % was obtained under the optimum condition of 1.7 wt% Na2S, 5.8 wt% CaCO3, 114 min process time and 29.5 ºC.

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Formulation and optimization of biological removal of flue gas pretreatment wastewater and sulfur recycling process by Box–Behnken design

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2706-2711 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Wang ◽

Yuan Cao ◽

Qin Zhong

Keyword(s):

Flue Gas ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Biological Removal ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Contour Plots ◽

Order Polynomial Equation ◽

Sulfur Yield

The aim of this study was to investigate optimum conditions for biological removal of flue gas pretreatment wastewater and achieve maximum elemental sulfur yield. A three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design was used to derive a second-order polynomial equation and construct contour plots to predict responses. The independent variables selected were hydraulic retention time (X1), inlet sulfate concentration (X2), and air flow (X3). Fifteen batches were done in a biological united system and evaluated for elemental sulfur yield (Y1). The transformed values of the independent variables and Y1 were subjected to a full-model second-order polynomial equation. The equation was modified based on Fisher's F- and probability P-values. The computer optimization process and contour plots predicted the values of independent variables X1, X2 and X3 (16 h, 1,348 mg L−1 and 165 L h−1 respectively), for maximized response of Y1. The experimental results at predicted conditions demonstrate that the modified model equation has good applicability to the practical system.

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The Optimization of Pb(II),Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) Ions Removal by Micro-Electrolysis Using Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.537 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 800 ◽

pp. 537-545

Author(s):

Jian Ping Xu ◽

Zhi Huang ◽

Yan Ling Gao

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Design Matrix ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Operating Variables ◽

Order Polynomial

In this study, the Box–Behnken design matrix and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied in the experiments to evaluate the interactive effects of four most important operating variables: pH (2.0–4.0), temperature (30–40°C )，iron/carbon ratio（1/2–3/2）and iron carbon amounts (2-4) on the removal of Pb (II), Cu(II)，Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions in acid mine drainage with micro-electrolysis (ME) . The total 29 experiments were conducted in the present study for the construction of a quadratic model. The independent variables have significant value 0.0001, which indicates the importance of these variables in the ME process. The values of “Prob > F” less than 0.0500 indicate that model terms are significant for the removal of Cr (VI), Ni (II) and Zn (II) ions. The regression equation coefficients were calculated and the data fitted to a second-order polynomial equation for removal of Pb (II), Cu(II)，Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions with ME.

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Preparation of a monolithic sorbent using a response surface methodology

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v5i2.5769 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Xiaoxia Li ◽

Yu Ri Lee ◽

Kyung Ho Row

Keyword(s):

Polynomial Equation ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Predicted Model ◽

Order Polynomial Equation ◽

Monolithic Sorbent ◽

Good Agreement

A 17-run Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was introduced to optimize the synthesis conditions of a monolithic sorbent. The effects of the amount of monomer (mL), crosslinker (mL) and porogen (mL) were investigated. The experimental data was fitted to a second - order polynomial equation by multiple regression analysis, which was examined using statistical methods. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2Adj) in this model was 0.9867. The probability value (p<0.0001) revealed the high significance of the regression model. A mean amount of 5057.4 mg polymer was produced under the following optimized synthesis conditions: 0.51 mL monomer, 2.94 mL crosslinker and 2.84 mL porogen. The actual experimental result was in good agreement with the predicted model value.

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Optimized Extraction of Ganglioside from Sika Deer Antler

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 850-851 ◽

pp. 1133-1136

Author(s):

Ni Na Bao ◽

Yong Guang Yin ◽

Quan Kai Wang

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Sika Deer ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Raw Material ◽

Deer Antler ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Contour Plots

In this study the extraction of ganglioside from the lipid soluble fraction of sika deer antler was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). A three-level Box-Behnken design which was based on the results of a single-factor test was employed to optimize the parameters for extraction of ganglioside. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis. By solving the regression equation and also by analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal ganglioside extraction conditions were determined: ratio of liquid to raw material 11, temperature 40°C and time 7min, and the maximum yield of ganglioside extraction was 1.25%.

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Removal of Cr(VI) by modified diatomite supported NZVI from aqueous solution: evaluating the effects of removal factors by RSM and understanding the effects of pH

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 308-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongxiang Zhang ◽

Zhenjun Tian ◽

Qi Jing ◽

Yuanyuan Chen ◽

Xuezheng Huang

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Key Factor ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Modified Diatomite ◽

Maximum Removal

Abstract In this study, a novel composite of modified diatomite supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (mD-NZVI) was synthesized and characterized. The effects of four factors (mD-NZVI dose, temperature, contact time and initial pH) on the removal of Cr(VI) by mD-NZVI were studied by experimental work and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). A second-order polynomial equation fitted by Box-Behnken design was used as a statistical model and proved to be precise in describing the significance of four factors. The analysis results show that the effects of four factors on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were significant (F value is 19.83), initial pH was found to be the key factor. In addition, the effect of initial pH was further studied and the maximum removal efficiency of 89.34% was obtained at pH of 3, the decrease in removal efficiency with the increase in pH is a synergistic effect of Cr(VI) species, surface charge of mD-NZVI and OH− amount at different pH.

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Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.2.5447 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 331-336

Author(s):

Gabriela Isopencu ◽

Mirela Marfa ◽

Iuliana Jipa ◽

Marta Stroescu ◽

Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Pareto Analysis ◽

Black Cumin ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

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