IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS AND PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM OIL POLLUTION

Data on environmental monitoring and the marine environment pollution by oil are presented and new highly efficient technical means of oil-containing water purification systems are developed, which have high quality of oil-containing water purification, a long service life of filter elements, simple design and operation. The combined separation system for the purification of oily waters has a high efficiency and provides the purification of oily waters to a concentration of petroleum products lower than 5 million-1. The design of the regenerated filter and separator with granular loading ensures the regeneration of filter elements without disassembling and replacing them, which significantly simplifies the maintenance and operation of the system.

Status «ecological» obligations of a flag state as an integral part of the «genuine link» conception

The modern legal regime of a flag State’s status “ecological” obligations is composed by a legislation (laws and regulations) of two levels: international and national. The legislation of both the levels is consistent with the generally accepted international rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures, the “UNCLOS’82”, the rights of States and prescribes, inter alia, measures to be taken for the protection and preservation of the marine environment pollution – measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment – the States’ “ecological” obligations. It is generally accepted in international maritime law to dived abovementioned obligations in: status “ecological” obligations of the “shore States”, status “ecological” obligations of the “port States” and status “ecological” obligations of the “flag States”. The research topic is certainly relevant given the almost catastrophic situation due to pollution of the world's oceans and the environment in general. The research methodology includes methods of analysis and synthesis, dogmatic method and comparative law method. This research focuses on the definition of the modern international legal regime of a flag State’s status “ecological” obligations. These obligations form a flag State’s legal status and could be qualified as an integral part of the “genuine link” conception. The author of the article concluded that the current conventions in the field of maritime law aimed at protecting the world's oceans play an important role, but no less important tasks are to improve national legislation of coastal countries, as well as proper implementation of both international and national norms aimed at the protection and restoration of the world's oceans.

Assessment of Soil Environment Pollution Based on Fuzzy Pattern Recognition Model

As one of the basic elements of the ecosystem and natural environment, the soil is closely related to human life. However, the problem of soil environment pollution is becoming more and more serious, which needs to be solved urgently. It will provide a reference for solving the problem of soil environment pollution if a suitable method can be found to evaluate the degree of soil environment pollution. The degree of soil environment pollution belongs to the fuzzy concept. It is a fuzzy pattern recognition problem to evaluate the degree of soil environment pollution according to the soil environment level standard value. The fuzzy pattern recognition method of soil environment pollution assessment makes full use of the fuzzy characteristics existing in soil environment assessment, considers the common influence of the weight of evaluation factors and the index value, and also considers the correlation between indexes and the similarity of index characteristics of different sampling points, therefore, the interference of some man-made certain factors is concealed. The model was applied to the soil sampling point in Wudi County of Shandong Province in the Yellow River basin of China. The results showed that the evaluation of soil environment pollution by this method accorded with the actual situation and can provide a basis for ensuring the stability of soil ecological environment, improving the quality of cultivated land, and improving regional ecological conditions. At the same time, in view of the current problem of soil environment pollution, the paper calls on human beings to pay attention to environmental protection and be responsible for their own safety and also proposes four aspects of treatment schemes and measures.

Trace Elements In The Detoxifying And Accumulating Body Parts of Mytilus Galloprovincialis Lamark, 1819 (Crimea, Black Sea): Human Health Risks And Effect of The Sampling Site Location

The mussel M. galloprovincialis is one of the most popular species in world’s mariculture and environment pollution bioindicators. Although this mollusk was in a focus of numerous publications, the detoxifying and accumulating role of some of its body parts was insufficiently studied. In the present work, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the distribution of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb in soft tissues, byssus, and shell liquor of this bivalve was studied for the first time as a function of sampling location in the Black Sea off southwestern Crimea. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in the overall distribution of the elements among the body parts and sampling sites under consideration. Human health risks from the consumption of this mollusk were shown to be unlikely. Byssus of M. galloprovincialis was characterized as an ideal indicator of marine environment pollution with Ni, Cu, Pb, Сo, and Cr as it contained the highest contents of these elements among the body parts under study (Ni up to 91%, Cu and Pb up to 79%). For the first time, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the shell liquor and its role as the trace element excretion system was demonstrated. In the shell liquor, the largest share among the body parts was that of Hg (up to 71%). In soft tissues, Zn, Cd and As were in largest proportions among the body parts (63, 62, and 54%, respectively). The trace element contents in soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > Co > Hg.

Variations in Nocturnal Residual Layer Height and Its Effects on Surface PM2.5 over Wuhan, China

Large amounts of aerosols remain in the residual layer (RL) after sunset, which may be the source of the next day’s pollutants. However, the characteristics of the nocturnal residual layer height (RLH) and its effect on urban environment pollution are unknown. In this study, the characteristics of the RLH and its effect on fine particles with diameters <2.5 μm (PM2.5) were investigated using lidar data from January 2017 to December 2019. The results show that the RLH is highest in summer (1.55 ± 0.55 km), followed by spring (1.40 ± 0.58 km) and autumn (1.26 ± 0.47 km), and is lowest in winter (1.11 ± 0.44 km). The effect of surface meteorological factors on the RLH were also studied. The correlation coefficients (R) between the RLH and the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and pressure were 0.38, −0.18, 0.15, and −0.36, respectively. The results indicate that the surface meteorological parameters exhibit a slight correlation with the RLH, but the high relative humidity was accompanied by a low RLH and high PM2.5 concentrations. Finally, the influence of the RLH on PM2.5 was discussed under different aerosol-loading periods. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was employed to represent the total amount of pollutants. The results show that the RLH has an effect on PM2.5 when the AOD is small but has almost no effect on PM2.5 when the AOD is high. In addition, the R between the nighttime mean RLH and the following daytime PM2.5 at low AOD is −0.49, suggesting that the RLH may affect the following daytime surface PM2.5. The results of this study have a guiding significance for understanding the interaction between aerosols and the boundary layer.

CdIn2S4/In(OH)3/NiCr-LDH Multi-Interface Heterostructure Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution and Cr(VI) Reduction

The development of highly active and stable photocatalysts, an effective way to remediate environment pollution and alleviate energy shortages, remains a challenging issue. In this work, a CdIn2S4/In(OH)3 nanocomposite was deposited in-situ on NiCr-LDH nanosheets by a simple hydrothermal method, and the obtained CdIn2S4/In(OH)3/NiCr-LDH heterostructure photocatalysts with multiple intimate-contact interfaces exhibited better photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of CdIn2S4/In(OH)3/NiCr-LDH increased to 10.9 and 58.7 times that of the counterparts CdIn2S4 and NiCr-LDH, respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic removal efficiency of Cr(VI) increased from 6% for NiCr-LDH and 75% for CdIn2S4 to 97% for CdIn2S4/In(OH)3/NiCr-LDH. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the formation of multi-interfaces with strong interfacial interactions and staggered band alignments, which offered multiple pathways for carrier migration, thus promoting the separation efficiency of photo-excited electrons and holes. This study demonstrates a facile method to fabricate inexpensive and efficient heterostructure photocatalysts for solving environmental problems.

Buto character developing with utilization of firewood waste to eco-friendly eco-artworks

Firewood waste is a discarded item, and some people used substitute for stoves or cooking utensils for both industrial and household. Firewood smoke affects the air, environment pollution and global warming. Research used a qualitative method and actions with creative ideas to be prototype by utilizing firewood waste into eco-artworks, several prototypes from wood waste with various types of wood, mahogany, teak, and silk tree/sengon wood waste. They aims to gain a deep understanding programs directed at the creative process in response to environmental damage. Besides being a source education to the public, they can also be used as cultivating sensitivity to protecting the natural environment. In addition, eco-artworks from firewood waste is represented become a eco-friendly concept to relevant program namely reintroducing Indonesian culture, especially for buto character to public.

«Health - disease» Conceptual Sphere: Cultural Code

The research is focused on the conceptual, figurative and value features of health - disease concepts due to their permanently growing importance, reflected in the language mindset. These processes are caused by various trends leading to the increasing danger to human health: epidemics, human-induced disasters, environment pollution. Due to the relevance of the issues, the authors aim to analyse the health - disease conceptual sphere as a strategy to changehuman mentality and the attitude to health as a norm and a value as well as to disease as a deviation from normal life, which implies observation of values and image characteristics of concepts, revealing and describing the cultural semantics of signs. The research is designed according to the original perceptive image that every concept is based on. This image represents a vector basis in a configuration of meanings inherent in the whole conceptual sphere. The analysis of the conceptual sphere using the corpus analysis tools allowed the authors comes to the conclusion that they vary and differ within cultural functionality determined by the conceptual characteristics. Actualization of a negative or positive attitude to health and disease caused by internal and external factors reveals the dominance of the signs motivated by the external events, such as the formation of the new human health-oriented mentality and the creation of a specified conceptual sphere. The description of ambivalent concepts provided in the axiological perspective provides an opportunity to learn more about complicated conceptual spheres and explore linguistic experience objectivation, experienced knowledge quantum as well as social and group specifics in the health - disease conceptual sphere.

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

The academic performance of student is influenced by several factors. Studies have been conducted in the field of educational data mining to find out what all the factors are that have an effect on a student's academic performance. There are many factors that can have an effect on a student's academic success, but our study aims to find the main factors that can have an effect on a student's academic performance. Predicting student performance becomes more difficult due to the large volume of information in academic databases. The responsibility of the teacher increases, she must be attentive to the activities and behavior of the student. To facilitate the work of a teacher, this study attempted to identify some factors that affect the academic performance of students. Our study could bring benefits and impacts to students, educators/teachers, and tutoring institutions. The factors investigated in this study are: student base knowledge, socio-economic status, college/school environment, environment pollution, teachers’ support, parental/family support, friend circle and health.