Comparative analysis of the immune system at often and rarely ill children depending on the stage of disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Juraeva
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Stage Of Disease

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of single cell lung atlas of bat, cat, tiger and pangolin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiran Wang ◽  
Zhihua Ou ◽  
Peiwen Ding ◽  
Chengcheng Sun ◽  
Daxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Species Comparison ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) might help maintain coronaviruses severely affecting human health, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It has long been suggested that bats may be more tolerant of viral infection than other mammals due to their unique immune system, but the exact mechanism remains to be fully explored. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple animal species were diseased by SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the respiratory system. Herein, single-cell transcriptomic data of the lungs of a horseshoe bat, a cat, a tiger, and a pangolin were generated. The receptor distribution of twenty-eight respiratory viruses belonging to fourteen viral families were characterized for the four species. Comparison on the immune-related transcripts further revealed limited cytokine activations in bats, which might explain the reason why bats experienced only mild diseases or even no symptoms upon virus infection. Our findings might increase our understanding of the immune background of horseshoe bats and their insensitivity to virus infections.

scholarly journals Contagious Otherness: Translating Communicable Diseases in the Modern Italian and Francophone Novel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Arnaldi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Course Of Action

The words contagion ('to touch together') and translation ('to carry across') share a common course of action and meaning, i.e. that of breaking what 'should be joined or joining [what] should be separate' (Douglas, 1996: 113). In a continuous yet imperceptible way, ideas of risk, corruption and error have been attached as much to the transfer of texts, beliefs and theories as to the spread of diseases. Our immune system fight against outsiders, just like national cultures can shield themselves from the foreign. Yet, if we have come to accept that contagion can be understood as a 'foundational concept in the study of [literature], of religion and of society' (Wald, 2007: 2), translation's epidemiological dimensions have remained relatively unexplored. What do the art of translation and epidemiological science have in common, and how can they inform one another? Why is contagion culturally valuable, but physiologically destructive? How can translation theory contribute to the shaping of a novel, biocultural epistemology of contagion? This essay aims to address these questions by shedding light onto the implicit and understudied translation-contagion link. It offers the first comparative analysis of its kind covering three centuries (nineteenth century-present), two languages (French and Italian), and four contagious diseases (plague, smallpox, Ebola and Aids). It provides an interdisciplinary model to approach the study of literature and epidemiology in a synergic, non-exclusive way, one that is based on the double mobilisation, or 'entanglement' (Whitehead et al., 2016), of literary and medical knowledge. 

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the Pocillopora damicornis genome highlights role of immune system in coral evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cunning ◽  
R. A. Bay ◽  
P. Gillette ◽  
A. C. Baker ◽  
N. Traylor-Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis

scholarly journals Lactobacillus buchneri Genotyping on the Basis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) Locus Diversity

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 994-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. Briner ◽  
Rodolphe Barrangou
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crispr Locus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Protospacer Adjacent Motif ◽  
Associated Sequences ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat

ABSTRACTClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in combination with associated sequences (cas) constitute the CRISPR-Cas immune system, which uptakes DNA from invasive genetic elements as novel “spacers” that provide a genetic record of immunization events. We investigated the potential of CRISPR-based genotyping ofLactobacillus buchneri, a species relevant for commercial silage, bioethanol, and vegetable fermentations. Upon investigating the occurrence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems inLactobacillus buchnerigenomes, we observed a ubiquitous occurrence of CRISPR arrays containing a 36-nucleotide (nt) type II-A CRISPR locus adjacent to fourcasgenes, including the universalcas1andcas2genes and the type II signature genecas9. Comparative analysis of CRISPR spacer content in 26L. buchneripickle fermentation isolates associated with spoilage revealed 10 unique locus genotypes that contained between 9 and 29 variable spacers. We observed a set of conserved spacers at the ancestral end, reflecting a common origin, as well as leader-end polymorphisms, reflecting recent divergence. Some of these spacers showed perfect identity with phage sequences, and many spacers showed homology toLactobacillusplasmid sequences. Following a comparative analysis of sequences immediately flanking protospacers that matched CRISPR spacers, we identified a novel putative protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), 5′-AAAA-3′. Overall, these findings suggest that type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems are valuable for genotyping ofL. buchneri.

scholarly journals Biosensing Cytokine IL-6: A Comparative Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Receptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Alfinito ◽  
Matteo Beccaria ◽  
Mariangela Ciccarese
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cytokine Receptors ◽  
Synthetic Receptors ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Cytokines are a family of proteins which play a major role in the regulation of immune system, and enter the development of several diseases from rheumatoid arthritis to cancer and, more recently, COVID-19. Therefore, many efforts are currently being spent in therapy and diagnosis, producing inhibitory drugs, as well as biosensors for a rapid, poor invasive, and effective detection. In this regards, even more efficient cytokine receptors are under investigation. In this paper we analyze a set of receptors of cytokine IL-6, investigating their topological features by means of a theoretical approach. Our results suggest a topological indicator that may help in the identification of those receptors having the highest complementarity with the protein, a feature expected to ensure a stable binding. Furthermore, we propose and discuss the use of these receptors in an ideal experiment.

scholarly journals Biosensing Cytokine IL-6: A Comparative Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Receptors

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Eleonora Alfinito ◽  
Matteo Beccaria ◽  
Mariangela Ciccarese
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cytokine Receptors ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Synthetic Receptors ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Cytokines are a family of proteins which play a major role in the regulation of the immune system and the development of several diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis to cancer and, more recently, COVID-19. Therefore, many efforts are currently being developed to improve therapy and diagnosis, as well as to produce inhibitory drugs and biosensors for a rapid, minimally invasive, and effective detection. In this regard, even more efficient cytokine receptors are under investigation. In this paper we analyze a set of IL-6 cytokine receptors, investigating their topological features by means of a theoretical approach. Our results suggest a topological indicator that may help in the identification of those receptors having the highest complementarity with the protein, a feature expected to ensure a stable binding. Furthermore, we propose and discuss the use of these receptors in an idealized experimental setup.

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