scholarly journals Effect of grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) and grape pomace fermentation conditions on some volatile compounds of the produced grape pomace distillate

OENO One ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gerogiannaki-Christopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos V. Kyriakidis ◽  
Panagiotis E. Athanasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Grape Varieties

<p style="text-align: justify;">Agrape pomace distillate was produced from 4 Greek white grape varieties (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.). Pomace was fermented with and without addition of citric acid, acting as an antibacterial agent, during fermentation. Fermented grape pomace was distilled in a traditional copper distillation apparatus.. Five major volatile compounds, including methanol, were measured. Pentanol-3 was used as an internal standard. Flame ionization detector (FID) coupled to capillary gas chromatography was used for determination of five volatile distillate components. The addition of citric acid resulted in the reduction of methanol content by about 15%. All the other components studied did not affect in any appreciable degree.</p>

Direct Blood-Injection Method for Gas Chromatographic Determination of Alcohols and Other Volatile Compounds

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh C Jain
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Blood Injection

Abstract An extremely simple, rapid method is described for simultaneously determining methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and low-boiling hydrocarbons associated with glue sniffing. Less than 1 µl of blood, mixed with an internal standard, is injected directly into a low-cost gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector. No extraction, distillation, and (or) sample preparation is required, and the method is sensitive to less than 10 µg of alcohol per ml.

Determination of Phenothiazine and Several of its Derivatives by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-859
Author(s):  
C L Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame

Abstract Phenothiazine, promethazine.HCl, chlorpromazine. HCl, promazine.HCl, and levomepromazine. HCl were chromatographed satisfactorily on a column containing 5% Apiezon L coated on Anakrom ABS, 100/110 mesh, using a hydrogen-flame ionization detector. This gas chromatographic technique is rapid and more specific than existing official methods. The use of an internal standard to improve precision will be investigated.

Determination of volatile alcohols and acetone in serum by non-polar capillary gas chromatography after direct sample injection.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1672-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
N B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Split Ratio

Abstract In this method for detection and quantification of volatile alcohols by capillary gas chromatography, the serum sample is deproteinized, then directly injected into the gas chromatograph with 1-propanol as the internal standard. The capillary column is a 30-m bonded methylsilicone-coated, fused-silica column. With helium as the carrier gas, the injector inlet is set at a split ratio of 1/30 and the average linear velocity in the column is 25 cm/s. Injector and flame-ionization detector temperatures are 280 degrees C, oven temperature 35 degrees C. Chromatography time is less than 3 min.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of the Grape Marc Spirit by GC-FID Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Teodora Coldea ◽  
Elena Mudura ◽  
Nicoleta Ranta ◽  
Darius Hadarean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Flame Ionization

There were investigated grape marc spirits regarding their safety on consumers. Major volatile compounds which present risk to human health (such as methanol, furfural, and acetaldehyde) and ethyl alcohol content were compared to European Union Regulation and other values found in previous studies.  The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety of grape marc spirits considering their content in major volatile compounds by comparison with the requirements of European Union Regulation. We investigated the ethyl alcohol content by electronic densimetry and 10 major volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, amyl active alcohol and furfural) by Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector. We used reference chemicals to identify these compounds and 3-pentanol as internal standard to quantify the volatiles. Results were compared with the requirements of European Union Regulation. All major volatile compounds registered values in accordance to EU Regulation and the grape pomace spirits samples do not present any kind of risk for consumption.

scholarly journals Simple and Sensitive Methods for the Determination of 2-(4′-Chloromethyl phenyl) Benzonitrile and 2-(4′-Bromomethyl phenyl) Benzonitrile Contents in Valsartan Drug Substance by Gas Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G. Amarnatha Reddy ◽  
K. Hussain Reddy ◽  
M. Narendra Kumar ◽  
Hemant kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Drug Substance ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Dimethyl Polysiloxane

Simple and reliable gas chromatographic methods were developed, optimized, and validated for the determination of 2-(4′-chloromethyl phenyl) benzonitrile (2-CMPB) and 2-(4′-bromomethyl phenyl) benzonitrile (2-BMPB) contents in valsartan drug substance, using benzophenone as internal standard (IS). Efficient chromatographic separations were achieved on DB-1, 30 m length with 0.53 mm i.d., and 3 μm particle diameter column consists of 100% dimethyl polysiloxane as a stationary phase by passing helium as a carrier gas. The analytes were extracted in dichloromethane and monitored by flame ionization detector. The performance of these methods was assessed by evaluating specificity, precision, sensitivity, linearity, and accuracy. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) established for 2-CMPB are 0.10 μg mL−1 and 0.32 μg mL−1, respectively. For 2-BMPB, LOD is 0.31 μg mL−1 and LOQ is 0.95 μg mL−1. The average recoveries for 2-CMPB are in the range of 96.8% to 106.7% and for 2-BMPB (LOQ level) are 99.3%. The methods can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of valsartan drug substance.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination by Gas Chromatography of Lindane and Carbaryl in Combined Formulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Sen ◽  
Ajay Shandil ◽  
Manjeet Aggarwal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Khandal
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

A gas chromatographic method developed and validated for simultaneous determination of lindane and carbaryl for quality evaluation of lindane-carbaryl granule, using a glass capillary HP5 column (30 m x 0.32 mm; 0.25 μm), temperature programming with flame ionization detector and dibutylphthalate as an internal standard. The calibration graphs were found linear in the concentration range of 1 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL for both lindane and carbaryl with correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 0.999 respectively and co-efficient of variation for intra-day and inter-day repeatability studies at different concentration levels was found to be less than 2%. The accuracy of method ranges between 98.5% to 100.8%. Specificity and robustness were also within the acceptable range. The method is highly sensitive with LOD and LOQ as 0.5 and 2 μg/mL for lindane and carbaryl respectively. The method has been tried on several formulations of lindane-carbaryl granules for quality control and has been found to be applicable.

Determination of Vanillin and Ethyl Vanillin by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E Marten ◽  
Frank J Feeny ◽  
Frank P Scaringelli
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Ethyl Vanillin ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Other Substances

Abstract A rapid method has been developed in which gas-liquid chromatography is used to separate vanillin and ethyl vanillin in vanilla samples and determine them quantitatively. A flame ionization detector is used for the vanillin determination. 2-Phenoxyethanol is used as internal standard. The presence of any other substances is eliminated.

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Phosphamidon Insecticide in Formulations

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Carlstrom
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peak Areas

Abstract The GLC method described is specific for measuring 4 components of Phosphamidon Insecticide—deschlorophosphamidon, α-phosphamidon, β-phosphamidon, and γ-chlorophosphamidon. The sample is extracted with acetone, an internal standard (dicyclohexyl phthalate) is added, and the solution is diluted to volume and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Although the GLC peak areas for phosphamidon are not linear over a wide range of concentration, good results are obtained when sample and standard concentrations are matched to within 10%. A 1.21% coefficient of variation was found for 19 repetitive injections.

Collaborative Study of the Gas Chromatographic Determination of Six Thiocarbamate Herbicides in Formulations

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
James E Barney
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Systematic Error ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization

Abstract Eptam, Ordram, Ro-Neet, Sutan, Tillam, and Vernam thiocarbamate herbicides are determined in emulsifiable and granular formulations by gas chromatography on an OV-1, SE-30, or OV-17 column with a flame ionization detector. Another thiocarbamate is used as an internal standard. The method was tested collaboratively by 19 laboratories, 18 of which tested the method on all 6 thiocarbamates. The coefficient of variation for 12 formulations was 3.10%. A significant amount of systematic error was detected, particularly in the analysis of emulsifiable formulations. The method has been adopted as official first action, and it is recommended that additional studies be conducted.

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