Спектральный отклик микрорезонатора с двумя квантовыми точками, обусловленный взаимодействием между локализованными электронами

A theoretical model of a semiconductor nanostructure consisting of a single-mode microresonator containing two quantum dots is considered. It is shown that the Coulomb interaction between electrons localized in the quantum dots modifies a spectral response of the system to an external laser field. The possibility of its use for detecting an elementary charge in the third (optically inactive) quantum dot is discussed. The influence of both diagonal (Stark effect) and non-diagonal (Förster effect) Coulomb matrix elements of the Hamiltonian on the detection accuracy is studied. The dependences of a measuring contrast on the parameters of the resonator and the quantum dots are calculated. The existence of such structural configurations for which the contrast retains an optimal value even at large distances to the measured dot is established.

PROSPECTION: HOW SPINTRONICS WILL AFFECT MACHINE VISION

The article describes a look into the future, about how spintronics will affect machine vision. The authors describe the electron spin, the effect of giant magnetoresistance, and the device of spin diodes. Creating compact devices in the field of nanoelectronics creates a problem of high energy consumption. Relatively recently formed science – spintronics – allows you to reduce costs. It is known that the electron is the carrier of an elementary charge, and this property is based on the operation of all electronic devices. However, this particle is also characterized by the presence of its own angular momentum, i.e., spin. This causes the existence of a magnetic field around the electron. The effect of giant magnetoresistance also plays an important role. This phenomenon is considered the basis of spintronics and consists of the following. When a current flows through a structure that has several alternating layers, its resistance may vary depending on the nature of the magnetization of each layer in relation to each other.

Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and vibration frequency of gravitational strings. Obtaining formulas for determining the gravitational constant and the mass of an electron through fundamental physical constants.

In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result of this addition, using the Schwarzschild radius formula and the Coulomb formula, a formula for the gravitational constant in the region of black holes was obtained on the basis of two fundamental constants: the speed of light and elementary charge. Its value has been determined, and the value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. In this study, the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole was obtained. The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory made it possible to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, a formula for the energy of a gravitational quantum and a formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string were obtained. On this basis, the formula for the mass of the electron was obtained and its value was calculated, which coincided with the experimental mass of the electron. The exact minimum distance of the gravitational interaction was determined by the formula for the vibrational velocity of the gravitational string. This calculated minimum distance completely coincided with the known experimental data obtained when determining the Casimir effect (force).

Interpretation of FSC-Experiments Deviation

The Fine Structure Constant (FSC) discussion started 1916 with the definition of alpha by Sommerfeld (α=e^2/(2*h *c *εo)) which must be a constant number in so far as the elementary charge (e) is a constant. Morel et al. ( 2020) and Parker et al. (2018) presented the most accurate FSC from similar atomic (Rb and Cs) interferometric experiments recently. Surprisingly there is a „tension“ between their two values from an experimental point of view manifesting a theoretical problem due to a „running“ alpha-number indicating a „running“ elementary charge-value which should not be the case in Standard Physics. Here is our interpretation from the General Relativity (GR) point of view to come up with a constant alpha(0) within both experiments.Morel (Rb: 1/α(Rb) =137,035999206(11)) and Parker (Cs: 1/α(Cs) =137,035999046(27))

Quantum Metrology of Electrical Quantities and Mass

The new International System of Units (SI) became effective on 20 May 2019. In the new SI, the complete system of units can be traced to seven fixed values of the fundamental constants, not to seven base units as in the old system. Electrical metrology has two important quantum mechanical foundations. Here, we introduce the basics and the metrological applications of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect, which play key roles in linking electrical quantities to the fundamental constants, including the Planck constant h, the elementary charge e, and the transition frequency of cesium 133 ΔνCs. Finally, we discuss the redefinition of the kilogram as one of the important examples of electrical metrology based on quantum physics.

Physical nature of 'anomalous' electrons in high-current vacuum diodes

Introduction/purpose: A fundamental theoretical explanation is given for the fact that in subnanosecond vacuum diodes there exists a group of electrons with kinetic energies much higher than the applied voltage (multiplied by the value of the elementary charge) qUmax. Methods: A mathematical method is used based on the numerical solution of the Vlasov-Poisson differential equations system for one-dimensional vacuum diodes of various designs. Results: It is shown in detail that the so-called "anomalous" electrons appear in the transient time domain characterizing the processes of establishing current flow in vacuum diodes. Conclusion: It has been convincingly shown that the presence of "anomalous" electrons is not associated with either the diode design or the presence of additional current carriers. In vacuum diodes with a subnanosecond leading edge of the voltage pulse, the excess of energy over qUmax can be over 20%.

On the Fundamental Constants of Nature

Planck units of length, mass, and time are fundamental constants of nature. Traditional constants including Planck's constant, the gravitational constant, the elementary charge, and many others are comprised of these three fundamental units. Physics equations are functions in which maximum potentials defined by the Planck units are reduced by one or more proportionality operators, producing observed quantities of natural phenomena. Natural symmetries constrain the relationships between length, mass, and time, yielding the physical dynamics of momentum, action, force, and energy. The Planck units quantify mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic properties of the universe and offer a common language for interpreting the standard model interactions. Units associated with the electromagnetic interaction are translated into units of length, mass, and time, including the coulomb, ampere, volt, tesla, henry, weber, farad, ohm, and siemen.

A quantum ampere

The revision of the International System of Units (SI), implemented since 20 May 2019, has redefined the unit of electric current, the ampere ( A), linking it to a fixed value of the elementary charge. This paper discusses the new definition and the realisation of the electrical units by quantum electrical metrology standards, which every year become more and more accessible, reliable and user friendly.

On the role of nuclear quantum gravity in understanding nuclear stability range of Z = 2 to 118

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed two bold concepts: 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. 2) There exists a strong elementary charge in such a way that its squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to reciprocal of the strong coupling constant. In this paper we propose that, ℏc can be considered as a compound physical constant associated with proton mass, electron mass and the three atomic gravitational constants. With these ideas, an attempt is made to understand nuclear stability and binding energy. In this new approach, with reference to our earlier introduced coefficients k = 0.00642 and f = 0.00189, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with four simple terms having one unique energy coefficient. The two coefficients can be addressed with powers of the strong coupling constant. Classifying nucleons as ‘free nucleons’ and ‘active nucleons’, nuclear binding energy and stability can be understood. Starting from , number of isotopes seems to increase from 2 to 16 at and then decreases to 1 at For Z >= 84, lower stability seems to be, Alower=(2.5 to 2.531)Z.