Analysis of a Relaxation Process Caused by the Load Variation Adapted on the Basis of Second Order Electrical Model

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.20944/preprints202112.0522.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guzel Nikishina ◽

Evgeny Denisov

Keyword(s):

Relaxation Process ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Power Source ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Good Time ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Relaxation Processes ◽

Load Variation ◽

Electrochemical Power Source ◽

Physical And Chemical

The relaxation process of lithium batteries caused by load variation is considered. It is shown that such processes have strong dependence on internal physical and chemical processes and battery technical conditions. Theoretical expressions of the relaxation process caused by a step-like load variation have been obtained for 1st and 2nd order equivalent electrical circuits. The experimental investigations show that the obtained models fit the real relaxation processes and the behavior of the identified parameters could be explained by specific features of physical and chemical processes within the lithium battery. It should be noted that the obtained results can be generalized for a different type of electrochemical power source. The proposed approach makes it possible to provide means for electrochemical power source characterization and diagnostic, the main advantages of which are good time localization of measurement procedures and inexpensive apparatus implementation.

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Applications of ultrafast laser spectroscopy for the study of biological systems

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics ◽

10.1017/s0033583500002985 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 239-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Alfred R. Holzwarth

Keyword(s):

Molecular Level ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Ultrashort Pulses ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Ultrafast Laser ◽

Relaxation Processes ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

First Time

The discovery of mode-locked laser operation now nearly two decades ago has started a development which enables researchers to probe the dynamics of ultrafast physical and chemical processes at the molecular level on shorter and shorter time scales. Naturally the first applications were in the fields of photophysics and photochemistry where it was then possible for the first time to probe electronic and vibrational relaxation processes on a sub-nanosecond timescale. The development went from lasers producing pulses of many picoseconds to the shortest pulses which are at present just a few femtoseconds long. Soon after their discovery ultrashort pulses were applied also to biological systems which has revealed a wealth of information contributing to our understanding of a broadrange of biological processes on the molecular level.It is the aim of this review to discuss the recent advances and point out some future trends in the study of ultrafast processes in biological systems using laser techniques. The emphasis will be mainly on new results obtained during the last 5 or 6 years. The term ultrafast means that I shall restrict myself to sub-nanosecond processes with a few exceptions.

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Weak waves in relaxing flows

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/s0022112065001696 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 787-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Peter P. Wegener ◽

Boa-Teh Chu ◽

W. A. Klikoff

Keyword(s):

Wave Equation ◽

Relaxation Process ◽

Fast Rate ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Relaxation Processes ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Spherical Waves ◽

Firing Range ◽

Rate Processes

Theoretical and experimental investigations are described of the linearized wave equation of supersonic flow with a single relaxation process. Firing-range experiments using a known model gas mixture with a single relaxation process are discussed. Qualitatively, it is shown that weak conical and spherical waves decay as predicted by theory. In addition, this decay can be determined quantitatively for conical disturbances; and, satisfactory agreement with theory is found. For application to unknown relaxation processes, it is suggested that observation of the damping of weak waves provides an additional tool for the study of fast rate processes.

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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES GOVERNING THE COMBUSTION OF BINARY COMPOSITIONS OF AMMONIUM DINITRAMIDE WITH GLYCIDYLAZIDEPOLYMER

International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion ◽

10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v6.i2.60 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 213-228

Author(s):

Valery Sinditskii ◽

V. Y. Egorshev ◽

A. I. Levshenkov ◽

M. V. Berezin

Keyword(s):

Chemical Processes ◽

Ammonium Dinitramide ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Influence of Ethanol and Water on Physical and Chemical Processes of Splitting of Paracetamol and Glycine

Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics ◽

10.21272/jnep.9(6).06022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 06022-1-06022-6

Author(s):

A. G. Barylka ◽

◽

R. M. Balabai ◽

Keyword(s):

Chemical Processes ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Nucleophilicity and its parametrization

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19890117 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 117-135

Author(s):

Oldřich Pytela ◽

Vítězslav Zima

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Correlation Equation ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

General Tendency ◽

Orbital Interaction ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Two Parameter ◽

Better Than

The method of conjugate deviations based on the regression analysis has been suggested for construction of a new nucleophilicity scale. This method has been applied to a set of 28 nucleophiles participating in 47 physical and chemical processes described in literature. The two-parameter nucleophilicity scale obtained represents-in the parameter denoted as ND-the general tendency to form a bond to an electrophile predominantly on the basis of the orbital interaction and-in the parameter denoted as PD-the ability to interact with a centre similar to the proton (basicity). The linear correlation equation involving the ND, PD parameters and the charge appears to be distinctly better than the most significant relations used. The correlation dependences have the physico-chemical meaning. From the position of individual nucleophiles in the space of the ND and PD parameters, some general conclusions have been derived about the factors governing the reactivity of nucleophiles.

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The Tree

10.1093/oso/9780198824589.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Steane

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Physical And Chemical

The life of an ordinary tree is described, in terms of the main physical and chemical processes: carbon capture by photosynthesis; entropy and energy; moisture. The information expressed in the tree comes partly from the DNA and partly from the sunlight. The tree does not push upwards from the ground, but solidifies the air.

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