scholarly journals Phase-Amplitude Relations for a Particle with a Superposition of Two Energy Levels in a Double Potential Well

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Flom ◽  
Asher Yahalom ◽  
Jacob Levitan ◽  
Haggai Zilberberg
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Analytical Uncertainty ◽  
Phase Amplitude

We study the connection between the phase and the amplitude of the wave function and the conditions under which this relationship exists. For this we use model of particle in a box. We have shown that the amplitude can be calculated from the phase and vice versa if the log Analytical uncertainty relations are satisfied.

The electron

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Solymar ◽  
D. Walsh ◽  
R. R. A. Syms
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Potential Barrier ◽  
Wave Packets ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Mechanical Approach ◽  
Finite Barrier ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Approach

Discusses with some rigour the properties of electrons, based on the Schrodinger equation. Introduces the concepts of wave function, quantum-mechanical operators, and wave packets. Examples cover the electron meeting an infinitely long potential barrier and the passage of electrons through a finite barrier (which leads to the phenomenon of tunnelling).The electron in a potential well is also discussed, solving the problem both for a finite and for an infinite well, and finding the permissible energy levels. The chapter is concluded with the philosophical implications that arise from the quantum-mechanical approach. Two limericks relevant to the subject are quoted.

The Hidden Variables Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Fried
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
W Boson ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Charged Mesons ◽  
New Variables

The book presents a new concept on several physics topics. The initial values are non-relativistic quantities of subatomic particles which the values obtained in experiments are actually their relativistic reflection. The subjects in the book are presented in such order that each new topic is based on the development of its predecessor that explains where it stems from. The book presents methods of analyzing traditional physics concepts to extract hidden embedded information that reveals new variables which are combined with those known. The new formulas yield results that match experiments accurately. It presents discoveries as: The electric charge of subatomic particle results directly from its OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum). OAM Offset exhibits neutral state. The electron mass is a magnitude that expresses quantitatively the square of its magnetic flux quantum, hence this mass in the Wave Function yields solutions that their squared values represent the flow pattern of magnetic flux surrounding electrons at energy levels, contrary to probability density describing odds of locating electron in atom. In calculation of hydrogen's wave function the electron and proton constitute one entity. Hence zero OAM at ground state determined by computational and experimental means is due to OAM offset of electron and proton rotation in opposite directions at center of mass. The proton, neutron and all baryons consist of three energy levels on which the quarks are orbiting. The third energy level of 80.5Gev plays a major role in the weak force while it is filled by charged mesons that are emitted thru W boson while acquiring the level's energy. The OAM of the orbiting quarks are third or two thirds of the reduced Planck constant. The proton missing spin is resolved by the OAM of quarks. The Electron is bound state composition of a negative Pion and an Electron's neutrino. The theory predicts a neutral boson of 160Gev (Accompanied by W+ boson from 240Gev decaying particle).

The Hidden Variables Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Fried
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
W Boson ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Charged Mesons ◽  
New Variables

The book presents a new concept on several physics topics. The initial values are non-relativistic quantities of subatomic particles which the values obtained in experiments are actually their relativistic reflection. The subjects in the book are presented in such order that each new topic is based on the development of its predecessor that explains where it stems from. The book presents methods of analyzing traditional physics concepts to extract hidden embedded information that reveals new variables which are combined with those known. The new formulas yield results that match experiments accurately. It presents discoveries as: The electric charge of subatomic particle results directly from its OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum). OAM Offset exhibits neutral state. The electron mass is a magnitude that expresses quantitatively the square of its magnetic flux quantum, hence this mass in the Wave Function yields solutions that their squared values represent the flow pattern of magnetic flux surrounding electrons at energy levels, contrary to probability density describing odds of locating electron in atom. In calculation of hydrogen's wave function the electron and proton constitute one entity. Hence zero OAM at ground state determined by computational and experimental means is due to OAM offset of electron and proton rotation in opposite directions at center of mass. The proton, neutron and all baryons consist of three energy levels on which the quarks are orbiting. The third energy level of 80.5Gev plays a major role in the weak force while it is filled by charged mesons that are emitted thru W boson while acquiring the level's energy. The OAM of the orbiting quarks are third or two thirds of the reduced Planck constant. The proton missing spin is resolved by the OAM of quarks. The Electron is bound state composition of a negative Pion and an Electron's neutrino. The theory predicts a neutral boson of 160Gev (Accompanied by W+ boson from 240Gev decaying particle).

The Hidden Variables Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Fried
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
W Boson ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Charged Mesons ◽  
New Variables

The book presents a new concept on several physics topics. The initial values are non-relativistic quantities of subatomic particles which the values obtained in experiments are actually their relativistic reflection. The subjects in the book are presented in such order that each new topic is based on the development of its predecessor that explains where it stems from. The book presents methods of analyzing traditional physics concepts to extract hidden embedded information that reveals new variables which are combined with those known. The new formulas yield results that match experiments accurately. It presents discoveries as: The electric charge of subatomic particle results directly from its OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum). OAM Offset exhibits neutral state. The electron mass is a magnitude that expresses quantitatively the square of its magnetic flux quantum, hence this mass in the Wave Function yields solutions that their squared values represent the flow pattern of magnetic flux surrounding electrons at energy levels, contrary to probability density describing odds of locating electron in atom. In calculation of hydrogen's wave function the electron and proton constitute one entity. Hence zero OAM at ground state determined by computational and experimental means is due to OAM offset of electron and proton rotation in opposite directions at center of mass. The proton, neutron and all baryons consist of three energy levels on which the quarks are orbiting. The third energy level of 80.5Gev plays a major role in the weak force while it is filled by charged mesons that are emitted thru W boson while acquiring the level's energy. The OAM of the orbiting quarks are third or two thirds of the reduced Planck constant. The proton missing spin is resolved by the OAM of quarks. The Electron is bound state composition of a negative Pion and an Electron's neutrino. The theory predicts a neutral boson of 160Gev (Accompanied by W+ boson from 240Gev decaying particle).

The Hidden Variables Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Fried
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
W Boson ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Charged Mesons ◽  
New Variables

The book presents a new concept on several physics topics. The initial values are non-relativistic quantities of subatomic particles which the values obtained in experiments are actually their relativistic reflection. The subjects in the book are presented in such order that each new topic is based on the development of its predecessor that explains where it stems from. The book presents methods of analyzing traditional physics concepts to extract hidden embedded information that reveals new variables which are combined with those known. The new formulas yield results that match experiments accurately. It presents discoveries as: The electric charge of subatomic particle results directly from its OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum). OAM Offset exhibits neutral state. The electron mass is a magnitude that expresses quantitatively the square of its magnetic flux quantum, hence this mass in the Wave Function yields solutions that their squared values represent the flow pattern of magnetic flux surrounding electrons at energy levels, contrary to probability density describing odds of locating electron in atom. In calculation of hydrogen's wave function the electron and proton constitute one entity. Hence zero OAM at ground state determined by computational and experimental means is due to OAM offset of electron and proton rotation in opposite directions at center of mass. The proton, neutron and all baryons consist of three energy levels on which the quarks are orbiting. The third energy level of 80.5Gev plays a major role in the weak force while it is filled by charged mesons that are emitted thru W boson while acquiring the level's energy. The OAM of the orbiting quarks are third or two thirds of the reduced Planck constant. The proton missing spin is resolved by the OAM of quarks. The Electron is bound state composition of a negative Pion and an Electron's neutrino. The theory predicts a neutral boson of 160Gev (Accompanied by W+ boson from 240Gev decaying particle).

SPATIAL CORRELATIONS OF CHAOTIC WAVE FUNCTIONS

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (03n05) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR N. PRIGODIN ◽  
NOBUHIKO TANIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Amplitude Correlation ◽  
Universal Law ◽  
Function Density

The statistics of the spatial correlations of eigenfunctions is investigated in chaotic systems with or without time-reversal symmetry. It is rigorously shown that wave functions corresponding to different energy levels are uncorrelated in space. At a given eigenstate, we find that though the background of wave function density fluctuates strongly, there exist the long-standing Friedel oscillations in wave function intensity. The joint distribution of the intensity at two separate space points is presented by the universal law with one parameter — the average amplitude correlation. This distribution encompasses two different regions: One with an independent joint distribution for small values of density fluctuations, and the other showing an increasing spatial correlation for the large fluctuations.

scholarly journals CircaCompare: a method to estimate and statistically support differences in mesor, amplitude and phase, between circadian rhythms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Parsons ◽  
Richard Parsons ◽  
Nicholas Garner ◽  
Henrik Oster ◽  
Oliver Rawashdeh
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phase Amplitude

Abstract Motivation A fundamental interest in chronobiology is to compare patterns between groups of rhythmic data. However, many existing methods are ill-equipped to derive statements concerning the statistical significance of differences between rhythms that may be visually apparent. This is attributed to both the form of data used (longitudinal versus cross-sectional) and the limitations of the statistical tests used to draw conclusions. Results To address this problem, we propose that a cosinusoidal curve with a particular parametrization be used to model and compare data of two sets of observations collected over a 24-h period. The novelty of our test is in the parametrization, which allows the explicit estimation of rhythmic parameters [mesor (the rhythm-adjusted mean level of a response variable around which a wave function oscillates), amplitude and phase], and simultaneously testing for statistical significance in all three parameters between two or more groups of datasets. A statistically significant difference between two groups, regarding each of these rhythmic parameters, is indicated by a P-value. The method is evaluated by applying the model to publicly available datasets, and is further exemplified by comparison to the currently recommended method, DODR. The results suggest that the method proposed may be highly sensitive to detect rhythmic differences between groups in phase, amplitude and mesor. Availability and implementation https://github.com/RWParsons/circacompare/

Spin-Orbit Interactions in Semiconductor Quantum Ring in the Presence of Magnetic Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940016
Author(s):  
A. V. Baran ◽  
V. V. Kudryashov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Finite Depth ◽  
Quantum Ring ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Realistic Potential ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

Energy levels of electrons in the semiconductor circular quantum ring are obtained within the framework of perturbation theory in the presence of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions and external uniform constant magnetic field. The confinement effect is simulated by the realistic potential well of a finite depth.

scholarly journals ENTANGLEMENT QUANTISTICO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rimini
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Measurement ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Entanglement State ◽  
State Uncertainty ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen

This extended note deals with a pedagogical description of the entangled state of two particles, starting from first principles. After some general remarks about quantum mechanics and physical theories, the single particle case is discussed by defining state, uncertainty relations and wave function in the state space. The system of two particles is then considered, with its possible states, starting from the original papers by Einstein Podolsky Rosen and by Schroedinger. The quantum measurement problem is then introduced, together with its role in the entanglement state. Finally the orthodox solution and the relevant conclusions are drawn.

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