scholarly journals Survei Penempatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu Di Tanah Laut Berdasarkan Citra Radar Banjarmasin

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Hanif Kurniadi ◽  
Arifah Dwi Yuliani ◽  
Ismah Atikah Khairunnisa ◽  
Syadza Siskayani Putri ◽  
Eko Wardoyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Radar Imagery

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Indonesia's electricity consumption has increased every year. One way to overcome this problem is by utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind. Utilization of this energy uses wind turbines installed at locations that have met the requirements. Therefore, information on wind conditions in several layers is required by using radar products such as CAPPI, PPI, and HWIND which are processed using Rainbow 5 software and then interpreted in a daily wind speed graph. Data obtained from radar imagery of Syamsudin Noor Meteorological Station-Banjarmasin. And to determine the boundary conditions of the wind layer is determined according to the length of the turbine blades to calculate the minimum wind speed needed to drive the turbine blades. The results of this study show that wind conditions in layers of 100 to 600 meters tend to be the same, making it difficult to determine the maximum height of the wind layer and from 7 days of the observation sample, it is found that some average wind speeds per day are 4.076923 m / s, 4.777778 m / s, 4.393939 m / s, 0.75 m / s, 0.72973 m / s, 3.678571 m / s, and 1.4375 m / s, which are known to have not met the minimum wind speed requirements for wind farm (PLTB) to produce optimal energy.</p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Konsumsi listrik Indonesia mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Salah satu untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi terbarukan seperti angin. Pemanfaatan energi ini menggunakan turbin angin yang dipasang pada lokasi yang telah memenuhi syarat. Karena itu, diperlukan informasi kondisi angin dibeberapa lapisan dengan menggunakan produk radar seperti CAPPI, PPI, dan HWIND yang diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Rainbow 5 lalu diintrepretasikan dalam grafik kecepatan angin harian. Data diperoleh dari citra radar Stasiun Meteorologi Kelas II Syamsudin Noor-Banjarmasin. Dan untuk menentukan kondisi batas lapisan angin ditentukan sesuai panjang dari baling-baling turbin untuk memperhitungkan kecepatan angin minimal yang diperlukan untuk menggerakkan baling-baling turbin. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan kondisi angin di lapisan 100 hingga 600 meter cenderung sama, sehingga sulit untuk menentukan ketinggian lapisan angin maksimum dan dari 7 hari sebagai sampel pengamatan didapatkan beberapa kecepatan angin rata-rata perhari antara lain 4.076923 m/s,  4.777778 m/s,  4.393939 m/s, 0,75 m/s, 0.72973 m/s, 3.678571 m/s, dan 1.4375 m/s yang diketahui belum memenuhi persyaratan kecepatan angin minimum yang diperlukan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) untuk menghasilkan energi yang optimal.</p>

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

scholarly journals Analysis of Performance of the Wind-Driven Pulverizing Aerator Based on Average Wind Speeds in the Conditions of Góreckie Lake

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2796
Author(s):  
Andrzej Osuch ◽  
Ewa Osuch ◽  
Stanisław Podsiadłowski ◽  
Piotr Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Research Period

In the introduction to this paper, the characteristics of Góreckie lake and the construction and operation of the wind-driven pulverizing aerator are presented. The purpose of this manuscript is to determine the efficiency of the pulverizing aerator unit in the windy conditions of Góreckie Lake. The efficiency of the pulverization aerator depends on the wind conditions at the lake. It was necessary to conduct thorough research to determine the efficiency of water flow through the pulverization segment (water pump). It was necessary to determine the rotational speed of the paddle wheel, which depended on the average wind speed. Throughout the research period, measurements of hourly average wind speed were carried out. It was possible to determine the efficiency of the machine by developing a dedicated mathematical model. The latest method was used in the research, consisting of determining the theoretical volumetric flow rates of water in the pulverizing aerator unit, based on average hourly wind speeds. Pulverization efficiency under the conditions of Góreckie Lake was determined based on 6600 average wind speeds for spring, summer and autumn, 2018. Based on the model, the theoretical efficiency of the machine was calculated, which, under the conditions of Góreckie Lake, amounted to 75,000 m3 per year.

scholarly journals Analysis of Wind Turbine Aging through Operation Data Calibrated by LiDAR Measurement

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Hyun-Goo Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Wake Effect

This study analyzed the performance decline of wind turbine with age using the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) data and the short-term in situ LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measurements taken at the Shinan wind farm located on the coast of Bigeumdo Island in the southwestern sea of South Korea. Existing methods have generally attempted to estimate performance aging through long-term trend analysis of a normalized capacity factor in which wind speed variability is calibrated. However, this study proposes a new method using SCADA data for wind farms whose total operation period is short (less than a decade). That is, the trend of power output deficit between predicted and actual power generation was analyzed in order to estimate performance aging, wherein a theoretically predicted level of power generation was calculated by substituting a free stream wind speed projecting to a wind turbine into its power curve. To calibrate a distorted wind speed measurement in a nacelle anemometer caused by the wake effect resulting from the rotation of wind-turbine blades and the shape of the nacelle, the free stream wind speed was measured using LiDAR remote sensing as the reference data; and the nacelle transfer function, which converts nacelle wind speed into free stream wind speed, was derived. A four-year analysis of the Shinan wind farm showed that the rate of performance aging of the wind turbines was estimated to be −0.52%p/year.

scholarly journals Formation and distribution of sea-surface microlayers

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5719-5755 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Wurl ◽  
E. Wurl ◽  
L. Miller ◽  
K. Johnson ◽  
S. Vagle
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Natural Surfactants

Abstract. Results from a study of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) in different regions of the ocean (subtropical, temperate, polar) suggest that this interfacial layer between the ocean and atmosphere covers the ocean's surface to a significant extent. Threshold values at which primary production acts as a significant source of natural surfactants have been derived from the enrichment of surfactants in the SML relative to underlying water and local primary production. Similarly, we have also derived a wind speed threshold at which the SML is disrupted. The results suggest that surfactant enrichment in the SML is typically greater in oligotrophic regions of the ocean than in more productive waters. Furthermore, the enrichment of surfactants persisted at wind speeds of up to 10 m s−1 without any observed depletion above 5 m s−1. This suggests that the SML is stable enough to exist even at the global average wind speed of 6.6 m s−1. Global maps of primary production and wind speed are used to estimate the ocean's SML coverage. The maps indicate that wide regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans between 30° N and 30° S are more significantly affected by the SML than northern of 30° N and southern of 30° S due to higher productivity (spring/summer blooms) and wind speeds exceeding 12 m s−1 respectively.

scholarly journals Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Wind Turbine Blades under Variable Wind Speed Conditions Using Particle Filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavana Valeti ◽  
Shamim N. Pakzad
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Variable Wind

Rotor blades are the most complex structural components in a wind turbine and are subjected to continuous cyclic loads of wind and self-weight variation. The structural maintenance operations in wind farms are moving towards condition based maintenance (CBM) to avoid premature failures. For this, damage prognosis with remaining useful life (RUL) estimation in wind turbine blades is necessary. Wind speed variation plays an important role influencing the loading and consequently the RUL of the structural components. This study investigates the effect of variable wind speed between the cutin and cut-out speeds of a typical wind farm on the RUL of a damage detected wind turbine blade as opposed to average wind speed assumption. RUL of wind turbine blades are estimated for different initial crack sizes using particle filtering method which forecasts the evolution of fatigue crack addressing the non-linearity and uncertainty in crack propagation. The stresses on a numerically simulated life size onshore wind turbine blade subjected to the above wind speed loading cases are used in computing the crack propagation observation data for particle filters. The effects of variable wind speed on the damage propagation rates and RUL in comparison to those at an average wind speed condition are studied and discussed.

scholarly journals The super-turbine wind power conversion paradox: using machine learning to reduce errors caused by Jensen's inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C. McCandless ◽  
Sue Ellen Haupt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Jensen’S Inequality ◽  
Jensen's Inequality ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Abstract. Wind power is a variable generation resource and therefore requires accurate forecasts to enable integration into the electric grid. Generally, the wind speed is forecast for a wind plant and the forecasted wind speed is converted to power to provide an estimate of the expected generating capacity of the plant. The average wind speed forecast for the plant is a function of the underlying meteorological phenomena being predicted; however, the wind speed for each turbine at the farm is also a function of the local terrain and the array orientation. Conversion algorithms that assume an average wind speed for the plant, i.e., the super-turbine power conversion, assume that the effects of the local terrain and array orientation are insignificant in producing variability in the wind speeds across the turbines at the farm. Here, we quantify the differences in converting wind speed to power at the turbine level compared with a super-turbine power conversion for a hypothetical wind farm of 100 2 MW turbines as well as from empirical data. The simulations with simulated turbines show a maximum difference of approximately 3 % at 11 m s−1 with a 1 m s−1 standard deviation of wind speeds and 8 % at 11 m s−1 with a 2 m s−1 standard deviation of wind speeds as a consequence of Jensen's inequality. The empirical analysis shows similar results with mean differences between converted wind speed to power and measured power of approximately 68 kW per 2 MW turbine. However, using a random forest machine learning method to convert to power reduces the error in the wind speed to power conversion when given the predictors that quantify the differences due to Jensen's inequality. These significant differences can lead to wind power forecasters overestimating the wind generation when utilizing a super-turbine power conversion for high wind speeds, and indicate that power conversion is more accurately done at the turbine level if no other compensatory mechanism is used to account for Jensen's inequality.

scholarly journals Investigation of use small wind turbines under local wind conditions in Rabka-Zdrój

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szulc-Wrońska ◽  
Barbara Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Wind ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
South West ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

The paper presents an analysis of wind conditions for the health resort of Rabka-Zdrój. Rabka-Zdrój is a town located in southern Poland in the Rabczańska Valley surrounded by numerous hills. Archival meteorological data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, which until 2012 had a retention station in Rabka-Zdrój. A detailed analysis of the basic wind parameters has shown that prevailing wind speeds are in the range of 0.6-1.8 m/s. In addition, the dominant wind direction is west and southwest. For these directions, the average wind speeds in the analysed period are the highest, with the maximum recorded speed of 2.8 m/s for the south-west direction. What is more, in the health resort area, one can observe the frequent occurrence of atmospheric silence, from 16% to 45% in the analysed years. The total energy that can be obtained using a small wind turbine is low, therefore the possibility of using hybrid renewable energy sources should be considered.

scholarly journals A Simplified Morphing Blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Stéphane Caro ◽  
Fouad Bennis ◽  
Oscar Roberto Salinas Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Average Wind

The aim of designing wind turbine blades is to improve the power capture ability. Since rotor control technology is currently limited to controlling rotational speed and blade pitch, an increasing concern has been given to morphing blades. In this paper, a simplified morphing blade is introduced, which has a linear twist distribution along the span and a shape that can be controlled by adjusting the twist of the blade's root and tip. To evaluate the performance of wind turbine blades, a numerical code based on the blade element momentum theory is developed and validated. The blade of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine is taken as a reference blade and has a fixed pitch. The optimization problems associated with the control of the morphing blade and a blade with pitch control are formulated. The optimal results show that the morphing blade gives better results than the blade with pitch control in terms of produced power. Under the assumption that at a given site, the annual average wind speed is known and the wind speed follows a Rayleigh distribution, the annual energy production of wind turbines was evaluated for three types of blade, namely, morphing blade, blade with pitch control and fixed pitch blade. For an annual average wind speed varying between 5 m/s and 15 m/s, it turns out that the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing morphing blades is 24.5% to 69.7% higher than the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing pitch fixed blades. Likewise, the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing blades with pitch control is 22.7% to 66.9% higher than the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing pitch fixed blades.

scholarly journals Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina L. Archer ◽  
Mark Z. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Abstract Wind is the world’s fastest growing electric energy source. Because it is intermittent, though, wind is not used to supply baseload electric power today. Interconnecting wind farms through the transmission grid is a simple and effective way of reducing deliverable wind power swings caused by wind intermittency. As more farms are interconnected in an array, wind speed correlation among sites decreases and so does the probability that all sites experience the same wind regime at the same time. The array consequently behaves more and more similarly to a single farm with steady wind speed and thus steady deliverable wind power. In this study, benefits of interconnecting wind farms were evaluated for 19 sites, located in the midwestern United States, with annual average wind speeds at 80 m above ground, the hub height of modern wind turbines, greater than 6.9 m s−1 (class 3 or greater). It was found that an average of 33% and a maximum of 47% of yearly averaged wind power from interconnected farms can be used as reliable, baseload electric power. Equally significant, interconnecting multiple wind farms to a common point and then connecting that point to a far-away city can allow the long-distance portion of transmission capacity to be reduced, for example, by 20% with only a 1.6% loss of energy. Although most parameters, such as intermittency, improved less than linearly as the number of interconnected sites increased, no saturation of the benefits was found. Thus, the benefits of interconnection continue to increase with more and more interconnected sites.

Height Extrapolation of Wind Data

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Modified Power Law

Various models that are used for height extrapolation of short and long-term averaged wind speeds are discussed. Hourly averaged data from three tall meteorological towers (the NOAA Erie Tower in Colorado, the Battelle Goodnoe Hills Tower in Washington, and the WKY-TV Tower in Oklahoma), together with data from 17 candidate sites (selected for possible installation of large WECS), were used to analyze the variability of short-term average wind shear with atmospheric and surface parameters and the variability of the long-term Weibull distribution parameter with height. The exponents of a power-law model, fit to the wind speed profiles at the three meteorological towers, showed the same variability with anemometer level wind speed, stability, and surface roughness as the similarity law model. Of the four models representing short-term wind data extrapolation with height (1/7 power law, logarithmic law, power law, and modified power law), the modified power law gives the minimum rms for all candidate sites for short-term average wind speeds and the mean cube of the speed. The modified power-law model was also able to predict the upper-level scale factor for the WKY-TV and Goodnoe Hills Tower data with greater accuracy. All models were not successful in extrapolation of the Weibull shape factors.

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