scholarly journals The use of soil biostructures created by soil fauna ecosystem engineers fed with different organic matterials as inoculum source of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on cocoa seedling

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid ◽  
Muhammad Fahyu Sanjaya ◽  
Laode Sabaruddin ◽  
Rachmawati Hasid ◽  
Darwis Sulaeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ecosystem Engineers ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
P Value ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽  
Unsterile Soil ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

<p><span lang="IN">Soil fauna as ecosystem engineers </span><span>have the ability to </span><span lang="IN">creat</span><span>e </span><span lang="IN">soil biostructure</span><span>s, with the capacity to </span><span lang="IN">sav</span><span>e</span><span lang="IN"> arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. </span><span>This study therefore aims to </span><span lang="IN">investigate the </span><span>AMF </span><span lang="IN">spore density in the biostructures created by cooperation between earthworms and ants with a different organic matter composition</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> and to analyze the </span><span>biostructures’ </span><span lang="IN">potential as a source of </span><span>AMF </span><span lang="IN">inoculum on cocoa seedlings. </span><span>In the first experiment, a </span><span lang="IN">combination of earthworms and ants composition</span><span>, as well as a </span><span lang="IN">mixture of <em>G. sepium</em> leaf (GLP), cocoa shell bean (CSB), and sago dregs (SD)</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> was tested</span><span>. Meanwhile, </span><span lang="IN">in the </span><span>second</span><span lang="IN"> experiment</span><span>, t</span><span lang="IN">he</span><span> effect of</span><span lang="IN"> biostructures on cocoa seedlings grown </span><span>i</span><span lang="IN">n unsterile soil</span><span>,was </span><span lang="IN">examined</span><span>. According to the results, the highest</span><span lang="IN"> AMF spore </span><span>density was obtained using </span><span lang="IN">20 earthworms+10 ants with 50%GLP+50%CSB + 0%SD treatment</span><span>. Furthermore, the t</span><span lang="IN">otal AMF spores </span><span>were </span><span lang="IN">positively correlated</span><span> with the total P value, but negatively correlated </span><span lang="IN">with </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">C/N ratio</span><span>. Therefore, bi</span><span lang="IN">ostructure application increased AMF spores number in rhizosphere and </span><span>the cocoa seedling’s </span><span lang="IN">root infection</span><span>. Furthermore, </span><span lang="IN">biostructure</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> resulting from the collaborative activity </span><span>between</span><span lang="IN"> different soil fauna ecosystem engineers </span><span>were able to transmit </span><span lang="IN">AMF spore</span><span>s </span><span lang="IN">to </span><span>infected </span><span lang="IN">plant root</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> growing </span><span>i</span><span lang="IN">n non-sterile soil.</span></p>

scholarly journals Use of the Signature Fatty Acid 16:1ω5 as a Tool to Determine the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ngosong ◽  
Elke Gabriel ◽  
Liliane Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Root Symbionts

Biomass estimation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, widespread plant root symbionts, commonly employs lipid biomarkers, predominantly the fatty acid 16:1ω5. We briefly reviewed the application of this signature fatty acid, followed by a case study comparing biochemical markers with microscopic techniques in an arable soil following a change to AM non-host plants after 27 years of continuous host crops, that is, two successive cropping seasons with wheat followed by amaranth. After switching to the non-host amaranth, spore biomass estimated by the neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5 decreased to almost nil, whereas microscopic spore counts decreased by about 50% only. In contrast, AM hyphal biomass assessed by the phospholipid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 was greater under amaranth than wheat. The application of PLFA 16:1ω5 as biomarker was hampered by background level derived from bacteria, and further enhanced by its incorporation from degrading spores used as microbial resource. Meanwhile, biochemical and morphological assessments showed negative correlation for spores and none for hyphal biomass. In conclusion, the NLFA 16:1ω5 appears to be a feasible indicator for AM fungi of the Glomales group in the complex field soils, whereas the use of PLFA 16:1ω5 for hyphae is unsuitable and should be restricted to controlled laboratory studies.

scholarly journals Combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and production of Helianthus tuberosus under field condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaiporn Nacoon ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nuntavun Riddech ◽  
Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽  
Jindarat Ekprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractIn this work, the effects of co-inoculation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to promote the growth and production of sunchoke under field condition were investigated during 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were set up as follows: plants without inoculation, with AMF inoculation, with PSB inoculation and with co-inoculation of PSB and AMF. The results showed the presence of PSB and AMF colonization at the harvest stage in both years. This suggested the survival of PSB and successful AMF colonization throughout the experiments. According to correlation analysis, PSB positively affected AMF spore density and colonization rate. Also, both AMF and PSB positively correlated with growth and production of sunchoke. Co-inoculation could enhance various plant parameters. However, better results in 2016 were found in co-inoculation treatment, while AMF inoculation performed the best in 2017. All of these results suggested that our AMF and PSB could effectively promote growth and production of sunchoke under field conditions. Such effects were varied due to different environmental conditions each year. Note that this is the first study showing successful co-inoculation of AMF and PSB for promoting growth and yield of sunchoke in the real cultivation fields.

scholarly journals Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Xubin YIN ◽  
Bede MICKAN ◽  
Fayuan WANG ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

scholarly journals Community Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Roots ofPoncirus trifoliataandCitrus reticulataBased on SSU rDNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Hyphal Length

Morphological observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in rhizospheric soil could not accurately reflect the actual AMF colonizing status in roots, while molecular identification of indigenous AMF colonizing citrus rootstocks at present was rare in China. In our study, community of AMF colonizing trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliataL. Raf.) and red tangerine (Citrus reticulataBlanco) were analyzed based on small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes. Morphological observation showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, spore density, and hyphal length did not differ significantly between two rootstocks. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 173 screened AMF sequences clustered in at least 10 discrete groups (GLO1~GLO10), all belonging to the genus ofGlomusSensu Lato. Among them, GLO1 clade (clustering with uncultured Glomus) accounting for 54.43% clones was the most common in trifoliate orange roots, while GLO6 clade (clustering withGlomus intraradices) accounting for 35.00% clones was the most common in red tangerine roots. Although, Shannon-Wiener indices exhibited no notable differences between both rootstocks, relative proportions of observed clades analysis revealed that composition of AMF communities colonizing two rootstocks varied severely. The results indicated that native AMF species in citrus rhizosphere had diverse colonization potential between two different rootstocks in the present orchards.

scholarly journals Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D’Souza ◽  
Bernard Felinov Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Subkhan Mahulette ◽  
Anggra Alfian ◽  
ABDUL KARIM KILKODA ◽  
IMELDA JEANETTE LAWALATA ◽  
DESSY ARIYANI MARASABESSY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Spore Number ◽  
Total Spore Count

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.

scholarly journals Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a Zoysia tenuifolia lawn

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Han ◽  
Changchao Xu ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Qiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Spore Densities

AbstractWeed invasion is a prevailing problem in modestly managed lawns. Less attention has been given to the exploration of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different invasion pressures from lawn weeds. We conducted a four-season investigation into a Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele (native turfgrass)–threeflower beggarweed [Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.] (invasive weed) co-occurring lawn. The root mycorrhizal colonizations of the two plants, the soil AM fungal communities and the spore densities under five different coverage levels of D. triflorum were investigated. Desmodium triflorum showed significantly higher root hyphal and vesicular colonizations than those of Z. tenuifolia, while the root colonizations of both species varied significantly among seasons. The increased coverage of D. triflorum resulted in the following effects: (1) the spore density initially correlated with mycorrhizal colonizations of Z. tenuifolia but gradually correlated with those of D. triflorum. (2) Correlations among soil properties, spore densities, and mycorrhizal colonizations were more pronounced in the higher coverage levels. (3) Soil AMF community compositions and relative abundances of AMF operational taxonomic units changed markedly in response to the increased invasion pressure. The results provide strong evidence that D. triflorum possessed a more intense AMF infection than Z. tenuifolia, thus giving rise to the altered host contributions to sporulation, soil AMF communities, relations of soil properties, spore densities, and root colonizations of the two plants, all of which are pivotal for the successful invasion of D. triflorum in lawns.

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