scholarly journals PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE SEBAGAI LANDASAN DALAM MERUMUSKAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Law ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Challenges

<p align="center"><em>A</em><em>b</em><em>s</em><em>tr</em><em>ac</em><em>t</em></p><p align="center"><em>T</em><em>h</em><em>i</em><em>s study aims to explore on how to formulate and what should be considered in formulating the precautionary principle within public policy in order to generate appropriate and effective public policy. Precautionary principle is one of the important principles in International Law, particularly in International Environmental Law. This principle implies caution (prudence) in the face of new challenges, especially in the development of technology. Caution is not understood as an unwillingness to act or lack of courage to face new challenges, but on the contrary, the caution conduct is needed for the policy maker to make a</em><em>ctivity contain potential danger to the public butat the same time that danger is not understood  because</em></p><p> <em>K</em><em>ey</em><em>w</em><em>o</em><em>r</em><em>d</em><em>s</em><em>: </em><em>p</em><em>recautionary principle, public policy.</em></p><p align="center"><em>A</em><em>b</em><em>s</em><em>tr</em><em>a</em><em>k</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana cara merumuskan dan apa saja yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan <em>precautionary principle </em>dalam kebijakan publik agar menghasilkan kebijakan publik yang tepat dan efektif. <em>Precautionary principle </em>menjadi salah satu prinsip yang penting di dalam perkembangan Hukum Internasional, khususnya Hukum Lingkungan Internasional. Prinsip ini mengandung makna kehati-hatian dalam menghadapi tantangan baru salah satunya berupa perkembangan teknologi. Sikap kehati-hatian ini bukan dipahami sebagai ketidakmauan untuk bertindak atau kurangnya keberanian untuk menghadapi tantangan baru, namun sebaliknya, sikap kehati-hatian bagi para perumus kebijakan publik diperlukan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat mengenai suatu produk atau kegiatan khusus di mana di dalamnya terdapat kecurigaan bahwa produk atau kegiatan tersebut mengandung potensi bahaya bagi masyarakat luas namun di waktu yang sama bahaya tersebut belum dimengerti karena belum adanya bukti-bukti ilmiah.</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>precautionary principle</em>, kebijakan publik.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE SEBAGAI LANDASAN DALAM MERUMUSKAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Latifah ,
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Law ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Challenges

Abstract This study aims to explore on how to formulate and what should be considered in formulating the precautionary principle within public policy in order to generate appropriate and effective public policy. Precautionary principle is one of the important principles in International Law, particularly in International Environmental Law. This principle implies caution (prudence) in the face of new challenges, especially in the development of technology. Caution is not understood as an unwillingness to act or lack of courage to face new challenges, but on the contrary, the caution conduct is needed for the policy maker to make activity contain potential danger to the public but at the same time that danger is not understood because Keywords: precautionary principle, public policy Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana cara merumuskan dan apa saja yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan precautionary principle dalam kebijakan publik agar menghasilkan kebijakan publik yang tepat dan efektif. Precautionary principle menjadi salah satu prinsip yang penting di dalam perkembangan Hukum Internasional, khususnya Hukum Lingkungan Internasional. Prinsip ini mengandung makna kehati-hatian dalam menghadapi tantangan baru salah satunya berupa perkembangan teknologi. Sikap kehati-hatian ini bukan dipahami sebagai ketidakmauan untuk bertindak atau kurangnya keberanian untuk menghadapi tantangan baru, namun sebaliknya, sikap kehati-hatian bagi para perumus kebijakan publik diperlukan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat mengenai suatu produk atau kegiatan khusus di mana di dalamnya terdapat kecurigaan bahwa produk atau kegiatan tersebut mengandung potensi bahaya bagi masyarakat luas namun di waktu yang sama bahaya tersebut belum dimengerti karena belum adanya bukti-bukti ilmiah. Kata kunci: precautionary principle, kebijakan publik.

scholarly journals Applying the Precautionary Principle to Private Persons : Should it Affect Civil and Criminal Liability?

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Pardy
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precautionary Action ◽  
Domestic Law

The precautionary principle, developed in international environmental law, is a prospective concept. It can be used to decide what should be allowed to occur in the future. The question addressed in this article is whether, in domestic law, the precautionary principle should be applied retrospectively. Should precautionary behaviour be used as a standard to apply to the past actions of private persons, so as to judge whether those persons have acted legally ? In the civil realm, the answer is « yes ». Applying the precautionary principle in civil cases removes foreseeability requirements, and transforms liability based on fault into strict liability. In the criminal sphere, retrospective application of the precautionary principle is not appropriate. To require precautionary action on the part of an accused in an environmental prosecution transforms strict liability into absolute liability, and creates the potential for criminal punishment in the absence of culpability.

scholarly journals Role of the South in the Development of International Environmental Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-157
Author(s):  
Parvez Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Law Texts

Abstract In the post-colonial era, the newly emerging and independent states of Asia and Africa, supported by the developing world in South America, questioned the validity and legitimacy of norms of international law. Those norms were perceived to serve only the interests of the developed Western nations and were alien to the aspirations of the developing countries. International law has evolved over time, with a willingness to accept the viewpoint of new participants in the global process in a variety of contexts. These include the international protection of human rights and international law regarding the permanent sovereignty of nations over their natural wealth and resources. The interests of developing countries have been assimilated, though the extent to which this is done varies. A central message advanced is that the ultimate integrity of international law is the commonality and synthesis of the interests of all states, rich and poor, agricultural and industrial. The continuing contribution of developing countries, through their participation in conferences, negotiation of treaties and soft law texts, adds immeasurable strength to the current state and future development of international environmental law.

scholarly journals International law protecting the environment during armed conflict: gaps and opportunities

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (879) ◽  
pp. 569-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bothe ◽  
Carl Bruch ◽  
Jordan Diamond ◽  
David Jensen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThere are three key deficiencies in the existing body of international humanitarian law (IHL) relating to protection of the environment during armed conflict. First, the definition of impermissible environmental damage is both too restrictive and unclear; second, there are legal uncertainties regarding the protection of elements of the environment as civilian objects; and third, the application of the principle of proportionality where harm to the environment constitutes ‘collateral damage’ is also problematic. These gaps present specific opportunities for clarifying and developing the existing framework. One approach to addressing some of the inadequacies of IHL could be application of international environmental law during armed conflict. The detailed norms, standards, approaches, and mechanisms found in international environmental law might also help to clarify and extend basic principles of IHL to prevent, address, or assess liability for environmental damage incurred during armed conflict.

10. International environmental law

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-208
Author(s):  
Anders Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Rules And Principles

International environmental law is an area of international law where states have decided to cooperate with each other in order to fulfil certain goals of common interest and, for the most part, its rules and principles belong in the category of the international law of cooperation. This chapter discusses the most important parts of international environmental law and its main legal sources. It presents the fundamental principles of international environmental law, including those that seek to prevent damage to the environment and those that seek to ensure a balanced approach to environmental protection. It provides an overview of the most important parts of the substantial regulation in international environmental law, including the legal regime for the protection of the atmosphere, the conservation of nature and the regulation of hazardous substances. It also discusses features related to implementation and enforcement that are particular to international environmental law.

Part III Conceptual Pillars, Ch.16 Harm Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunnée Jutta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Significant Harm ◽  
Actual Harm ◽  
The Face ◽  
Harm Prevention ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter addresses how international environmental law originates from and revolves around the harm prevention rule. It focuses on three points of contention, each related to the role of due diligence in harm prevention, and each highlighted by recent judicial engagements with the harm prevention rule. First, it is generally accepted that a state's obligation to prevent environmental harm is not absolute, but requires due diligence in the face of risk of significant harm. However, it is unclear whether a failure to act diligently to avert harm on its own—absent actual harm—can amount to a breach of the harm prevention rule. Second, the relationship between the procedural and substantive dimensions of the harm prevention rule remains ambiguous. Third, there is some uncertainty as to where the line runs between the harm prevention obligation and the precautionary principle, given the focus of both notions on risk. These inter-related conceptual questions affect the harm prevention rule's function as a reference point for international environmental law.

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