Evaluation of Pitch Deviations with Comprehensive Representation Suitable for Engagement Evaluation in Different Types of Gears

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuhei Kurokawa ◽  
◽  
Yasutsune Ariura ◽  
Toshiro Doi
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Length Unit ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Pitch Error ◽  
Surface Deviations ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Flank Surface ◽  
Gear Engagement

Gear tooth flank deviations should be characterized to evaluate individual gear accuracy directly linked to gear performance during engagement. The comprehensive pitch deviation representation we propose is calculated using multiple tooth flank surface deviations as 0-order form deviations. In this representation, pitch error is expressed by angle unit, not by length unit, and calculated from measured conventional deviation (profiles and leads) withoutmeasuring pitch deviation. For spur and helical gears, pitch deviation is expressed by a single length unit and also by a single angle unit. On the other hand, for bevel gear flank, pitch deviation expressed by length unit consists of many different values even on a single flank. Using the angle unit expression, form deviation is described exactly by a single parameter. The comprehensive representation we propose overcomes the disadvantages of conventional pitch deviation evaluation, going right to the point of gear engagement evaluation.

Laser Holographic Measurement of Tooth Flank Form of Cylindrical Involute Gear: Part 2 — For Helical Gear Tooth

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fujio ◽  
A. Kubo ◽  
S. Tochimoto ◽  
H. Hanaki ◽  
S. Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Error Surface ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Laser Holography ◽  
Holographic Measurement

Abstract The interferometry using laser holography is applied to measure the form deviation of tooth flank of involute helical gears. One problem of this method is that the increase of helix angle reduces the region of the flank to which the laser beam can irradiate at a same time. To solve this problem, following method is developed: The objective tooth flank is divided into some regions, and the interferometry measurement is worked out for each region. The measured values for the form deviation of each region of the tooth flank are transformed to the values on the plane of action of this gear. These values for each region of the tooth flank are then concatenated successively until they result the curved surface for the form deviation of the whole tooth flank of the helical gear. The error surface of the tooth flank of helical gear obtained by this procedure is compared with that of conventional measuring method using contacting stylus.

Laser Holographic Measurement of Tooth Flank Form of Cylindrical Involute Gear

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fujio ◽  
A. Kubo ◽  
S. Saitoh ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
S. Tochimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Phase Stepping ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Phase Stepping Method ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Holographic Measurement

The form deviations of tooth flanks of spur and helical gears obtained by using a laser holographic interferometer are compared with the results of the conventional measuring method using a contacting stylus. The objective tooth flank which has a rough finish compared with optical parts is irradiated with a laser beam in a large incident angle to obtain the reflected ray from it. Image patterns of the interference fringes for tooth flanks with various types of form deviation are obtained, and they are transformed to the form deviations from the target tooth flank form. The algorithm of this transformation is shown: the brightness information of the image of the interference fringe on the CRT is converted to the amplitude of form deviation defined on the plane of action of the gear according to the phase difference of light beam by using the phase stepping method. A partial measuring procedure for helical gears is proposed which achieves the same level of accuracy as the conventional method using a stylus.

scholarly journals Contact Free Measurement of Tooth Flank Form Deviation of Cylindrical Involute Helical Gears.

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (548) ◽  
pp. 1209-1216
Author(s):  
Hiroshige FUJIO ◽  
Aizoh KUBO ◽  
Shigeaki TOCHIMOTO ◽  
Hideyuki HANAKI ◽  
Yoshiaki SAITOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helical Gears ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Contact Free

Fringe direction weighted autofocusing algorithm for gear tooth flank form deviation measurement based on interferogram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Wang ◽  
Matt Zhu ◽  
Ke Kou ◽  
Jianning Liu ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Deviation Measurement ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation

Laser Interferometric Measuring Method of Involute Artifact and Stabilization of Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Masaharu Komori ◽  
◽  
Fumi Takeoka ◽  
Aizoh Kubo ◽  
Hiroshige Fujio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Form Quality ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Laser Interferometric

Vibration and noise are serious problems with involute spur and helical gears used, e.g., in drivetrains of vehicles such as automobiles. The gear tooth flank form of micrometer order markedly affects gear vibration and noise; therefore, the tooth flank form quality must be strictly controlled to maximize gear performance. Tooth profile measuring machines used in calibration for form error inspection of involute gears usually use an involute artifact, which itself must be calibrated highly accurately. However, it is typically difficult for current tooth profile measuring machine using contact stylus to calibrate the involute artifact with a high accuracy while satisfying traceability to a national standard. A highly precise and traceable measuring technology for the involute artifact is therefore required. The direct measurement of the involute artifact we propose uses a laser interferometer, whose measurement stability is confirmed in experiments measuring the detailed form of an involute tooth flank.

Laser Holographic Measurement of Tooth Flank Form of Cylindrical Involute Gear: Part 1 — Principle and Measurement of Spur Gear

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kubo ◽  
H. Fujio ◽  
S. Tochimoto ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
S. Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interference Fringe ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Phase Stepping ◽  
Phase Stepping Method ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Holographic Measurement

Abstract Form deviation of tooth flank of spur gear is measured by laser holographic interferometer. To get the reflected ray from the objective tooth flank, laser beam is irradiated with large incident angle to the objective tooth flank which has considerably rough surface finish in comparison with that of optical parts. Some tooth flanks with various kinds of form deviation were measured, and image patterns of interference fringe were obtained. The conversion of the coordinates of the image figure of the gear tooth flank on CRT to the coordinate system of the gear is worked out by fitting the contour form of simulated figure to that of observed images. The algorithm of transformation from interference fringe pattern to tooth flank form deviation is shown: The brightness of the interference fringe image on the CRT is converted to the amplitude of form deviation defined on the plane of action of the gear via phase difference of light beam which is obtained by phase stepping method. The form deviations of tooth flanks of spur gear obtained by this interference method were compared with the results of conventional measuring method using contacting stylus.

Calculation of gear tooth flank surface wear during an FZG micropitting test

Wear ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 311 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Brandão ◽  
Ramiro Martins ◽  
Jorge H.O. Seabra ◽  
Manuel J.D. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Flank Surface

Form Grinding of Helical Gears: Effects of Disk Shaped Tools Plunging

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Gorla ◽  
Francesco Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Tool Axis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Tooth Flank

Following the example of aerospace transmissions producers, nowadays, more and more industrial fields are interested in reducing transmission noise and vibration and in increasing operating life. This requires a precise understanding of the real transmission behavior since the first steps of the design process. The usual approach is to apply theoretical meshing loads and to compute web, rim and supporting structures deflections by one of the several available methods (i.e. Finite Element Method), in order to predict stresses and deformations. But these calculations usually neglect that deformations modify gear meshing conditions, and therefore also load conditions can be very different from the theoretical ones. In order to realize models that simulate the contact between the actual tooth surfaces, taking into account the actual gear meshing conditions, we first need to know the gear tooth flank microgeometry. Also the experimental development phase of gear pairs could take advantage from a theoretical prediction of gear tooth flank micro-geometry, in order to minimize the necessary trials to set up the grinding machine. In this paper, a method and a software to compute the actual micro-geometry of ground tooth flank surfaces of helical gears is presented. In particular the grinding process by means of disk shaped tools has been studied. The effects of the choice of various parameters (especially the angle between the gear and the tool axis) have been investigated. The effects of tool plunging during its motion along the gear face have also been considered in order to appreciate the undesired modifications of tooth transverse and normal sections, caused by the particular shape of the instantaneous contact lines between the grinding wheel and the gear tooth flank being ground. The introduction of a new component of the tool relative velocity with respect to the gear, in fact, modifies the meshing conditions between the gear and the tool. The modification of the tool axis orientation, during the grinding operation, reduces this undesired effect. As a result of these calculations, the exact theoretical surface for more realistic meshing simulation is available, and, furthermore, the run of some simulations can give some helpful hints to set up the grinding machine and to design the grinding wheel.

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