scholarly journals Risk Management and Intelligence Management During Emergency

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-641
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Higashida ◽  
◽  
Yuji Maeda ◽  
Haruo Hayashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Emergency Responses

In the 15 years since Kobe’s Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, awareness is growing that simply gathering information may not be enough for preparing systems, executing emergency responses, and making decisions rapidly and precisely. The question has become how - and whether - emergency response information can be used effectively and efficiently for rapid disaster response, recovery, and rebuilding. We analyzed emergency response decision making from the perspective of information processing, looking for the features organizations need to process information efficiently. We also propose how to continuously improve emergency response performance.

Information transformation: Some missing links

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Ivan P. Vaghely ◽  
Pierre-André Julien ◽  
André Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Information Transformation ◽  
Efficient Information

Using grounded theory along with participant observation and interviews the authors explore how individuals in organizations process information. They build a model of human information processing which links the cognitivist-constructionist perspective to an algorithmic-heuristic continuum. They test this model using non-parametric procedures and find interesting results showing links to efficient information processing outcomes such as contributions to decision-making, knowledge-creation and innovation. They also identify some elements of best practice by efficient human information processing individuals whom they call the “information catalysts”.

How Can We Collect and Summarize Information About Emergency Response Operations?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Norio Maki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Operation Center ◽  
Share Information

This paper discusses emergency response information processing. Information collection and summarization techniques are discussed based on case studies of real emergency responses in Japan, such as that during the March 11, 2011, Tohoku Earthquake. The emergency operation center (EOC) layout made it possible to share information effectively, as is discussed together with a format for summarizing emergency response operations.

The Effect of Agent Reasoning Transparency on Complacent Behavior: An Analysis of Eye Movements and Response Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. Wright ◽  
Jessie Y.C. Chen ◽  
Michael J. Barnes ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Incorrect Information

We examined how varying the transparency of agent reasoning affected complacent behavior, in the form of incorrect acceptances of an agent’s recommendations, in a route selection task. We were particularly interested in how participants’ eye movements might disambiguate whether the incorrect acceptances were due to complacency or incorrect information processing. Participants guided a threevehicle convoy safely through a simulated environment of which they had a limited amount of information, while maintaining communication with command and monitoring their surroundings for threats. The intelligent route-planning agent assessed potential threats and suggested changes to the convoy route as needed. Each participant was assigned to one of three agent reasoning transparency conditions. While access to agent reasoning did appear to reduce complacent behavior in one condition, performance in the other conditions indicated potential complacent behavior. An area of interest analysis, reviewed in conjunction with the performance data, indicated the reason behind the participants’ behavior was different between these two conditions. While in the non-transparent condition participants were likely engaging in complacent behavior, in the highly transparent condition it is more likely they were overwhelmed by the amount and/or type of information, resulting in difficulty assimilating the information to support their decision-making task.

scholarly journals Emergency Responses to the COVID-19 Crisis in Education: A Shift from Chaos to Complexity

2021 ◽  
pp. 513-523
Author(s):  
Barbi Svetec ◽  
Blaženka Divjak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Emergency Responses

This paper presents a pilot research of approaches taken by European Union (EU) Member States (MSs) in the emergency response to the COVID-19 crisis in pre-tertiary education. It includes a multi-case study of four MSs, examining their education systems’ digital readiness and “fitness for change”, as well as decision-making practices. We use the Cynefin framework of decision contexts to explore different paths in shifting from chaos to complexity. The preliminary findings of this research indicate that a factor positively influencing education systems’ response was not exclusively their digital readiness, but also “fitness” in terms of ongoing reforms and preparedness for change. The findings also suggest that MSs generally continued with their usual decision-making practices, with tendencies towards centralisation of crucial decisions, which is in line with the Cynefin framework, arguing for stronger leadership in chaotic contexts.

Response Strength of Young Children in Operant Audiometry

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Primus ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Conditioning Rate ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Measured Response ◽  
Response Habituation

An operant conditioning discrimination paradigm was evaluated in terms of relationships between response behavior of young children and two stimulus components of the paradigm, the discriminative stimulus (DS) and the reinforcing stimulus (RS). Experiment I measured response performance in normal 1-year-old subjects as a function of differences in intensity and/or complexity among three DSs. Results showed no significant differences in conditioning rate, habituation, or consistency of the conditioned response relative to variable properties of the DS. Experiment II examined response performance of normal 2-year-old children as a function of two modifications in the RS, reinforcement schedule and reinforcement novelty. Subjects reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement and subjects reinforced on a 100% schedule demonstrated equivalent response habituation and consistency. In the second part of the experiment, subjects receiving novel RSs showed significantly greater response recovery than subjects reinforced with familiar RSs. Comparison of normal 1- and 2-year-old children revealed similar rates of conditioning and response consistency. However, 2-year-olds habituated more rapidly than 1-year-olds.

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