A Driving Simulation Study on Visual Cue Presented in the Peripheral Visual Field for Prompting Driver’s Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-288
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Makoto Itoh ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hazardous Event

This paper proposes a method for prompting drivers’ spatial attention by presenting visual cue in their peripheral visual field. Computer-generated images of forward-facing driving scenes were projected on a screen 6 m wide and 1.8 m high, with a 140° viewing angle. The gaze movement of subjects was measured when hazardous events were presented, such as cardboard boxes collapsing onto the road or a child running out into the road. The task defined for the subjects was to detect visual cue presented in their central visual field while observing the driving scene in front of them. A preceding visual cue was presented in the right and left visual fields, at a visual angle of 10° to 40°, for 1–5 s in advance of the visual cue presented in the center of the visual field. The detection time for the visual cue in the central visual field was then measured. The results of the experiments conducted with six subjects revealed two types of gaze movement patterns with respect to a hazardous event. In one type, the subjects broadly captured the overall scene without shifting their gaze markedly; in the other type, the subjects sequentially scanned the scene and fixed their gaze on the hazardous event when it occurred. The former type tended to be seen in subjects with long driving experience. It was also found that presenting visual cue in the peripheral visual field quickened recognition of the visual cue in the central visual field. By varying the viewing angle at which the preceding cue was presented in the peripheral visual field and the time interval between the presentation of the preceding cue and the detection cue in the central visual field, conditions were found for assisting prompt detection of the latter visual cue.

Response properties of striate cortex neurons in cats raised with divergent or convergent strabismus

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kalil ◽  
P. D. Spear ◽  
A. Langsetmo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Field Representation ◽  
Adult Cats

Recordings were made from striate cortex in five groups of cats that had been raised with strabismus produced by sectioning the extraocular muscles. These groups included animals reared with exotropia, unilateral or bilateral esotropia, and esotropia combined with lid suture of the unoperated eye. In addition, a group of esotropes was studied in which the unoperated eye was removed a few hours prior to recording. For comparison, five normal adult cats were also studied. In each of the above groups, cells were sampled in the representations of the central and peripheral visual fields in area 17 ipsilateral and contralateral to the deviated eye. We mapped the receptive field of each responsive cell, determined its ocularity, and tested it for selectivity. Confirming previous work, we found a marked loss of cortical binocularity in cats raised with strabismus. On average only 7% of the neurons that we recorded could be driven by both eyes. This percentage was relatively constant at all cortical locations that were studied and was not influenced by whether cats had been reared with exotropia, unilateral esotropia, or bilateral esotropia. The percentage of selective cells driven by the deviated eye in exotropes or esotropes did not appear to be different from normal at most cortical locations (but see 5, below). In addition, we did not observe any bias in the axial preference of selective cells in strabismic cats when compared with normal adult cats. In both exotropes and esotropes the deviated eye drove fewer cells when compared with the proportion that are driven by one eye in normal cats. In exotropes this deficit did not vary at different cortical representations of the visual field. In esotropes, however, this deficit was graded, being least in the representation of the peripheral visual field in area 17 contralateral to the deviated eye, intermediate in the representations of the central visual field in the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres, and greatest in the representation of the peripheral visual field in ipsilateral area 17. Furthermore, only when recording from the peripheral field representation in the ipsilateral hemisphere did we encounter significant numbers of cells driven by the deviated eye that lacked normal selectivity. Since it is possible that deprivation of the converged eye during development might account for the deficits noted above, we attempted to evaluate this factor using several independent lines of evidence. First, we could find no correlation between the angle of esotropia and the ability of the deviated eye to drive ipsilateral cortical cells representing the peripheral visual field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Perception of Biological Motion in Central and Peripheral Visual Fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Ilze Laicāne ◽  
Jurģis Šķilters ◽  
Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii ◽  
Elīna Zimaša ◽  
Gunta Krūmiņa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Biological Motion Perception ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion

Abstract Studies analysing biological motion perception based on reduced number of dots have demonstrated that biological motion can be perceived even when only the lower part of the body is visible or when the number of dots representing the object is reduced. What is the minimal amount of information that enables biological motion to be distinguished from its scrambled version? The results of the current experiment demonstrate that biological motion can be distinguished from its scrambled version when the object is formed of approximately 5 (4.7 ± 0.1) dots. Additionally, we also investigated whether the threshold value for biological motion perception differs in central and peripheral visual fields. By using stimulus magnification, we demonstrate that the number of dots sufficient for biological motion perception is similar in the central visual field and near periphery. Hence, stimulus magnification can compensate for reduced task performance in the peripheral visual field. The current results suggest that reduced performance of biological motion perception in the peripheral visual field (as demonstrated in other studies) is due to difficulties with the global perception of biological motion.

Visual Field Damage and Progression in Glaucomatous Myopic Eyes

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perdicchi ◽  
M. Iester ◽  
G. Scuderi ◽  
S. Amodeo ◽  
E.M. Medori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Trend Function ◽  
Visual Field Damage ◽  
Loss Variance

Purpose To make a visual field retrospective analysis on a group of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and to evaluate whether different refractive errors could have different progression of the 30° central sensitivity. Methods A total of 110 patients with POAG (52 men and 58 women) were included in the study. All the patients were divided into four subgroups based on the refractive error. The visual field of all the included patients was assessed by an Octopus 30° central visual field every 6 months, for a total of 837 visual fields examined. The resulting data were analyzed by PERIDATA for Windows 1.7 TREND function. Mean defect (MD) and loss variance (LV) were considered for the analysis. Results At the first examination, 82% of eyes showed a global decrease of differential light sensitivity (MD >2 dB) and in 67% the distribution of the defect was nonhomogeneous (LV >6 dB). The analysis of variance for subgroups showed a more significant decrease of MD in highly myopic patients. A linear regression analysis highlighted a statistically significant change in time of MD in 36% and of LV in 34% of the eyes studied. Highly myopic patients had the highest (p<0.01) percentage of change of MD and LV (46% and 42%, respectively). Among the four subgroups, there was no difference in progression of MD decrease in time. Conclusions These results showed that after 5 years of glaucoma, the visual field was altered in most of the eyes examined (82%) and that in 67% of cases, its defect was nonhomogeneous and worsened with the increase of myopia. The regression linear analysis of visual field changes in time showed a progressive increase of MD and LV in approximately one third of all the eyes examined.

scholarly journals The visual white matter connecting human area prostriata and the thalamus is retinotopically organized

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 (6) ◽  
pp. 1839-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Kurzawski ◽  
Kyriaki Mikellidou ◽  
Maria Concetta Morrone ◽  
Franco Pestilli
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Field Representation ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Plane Extraction

Abstract The human visual system is capable of processing visual information from fovea to the far peripheral visual field. Recent fMRI studies have shown a full and detailed retinotopic map in area prostriata, located ventro-dorsally and anterior to the calcarine sulcus along the parieto-occipital sulcus with strong preference for peripheral and wide-field stimulation. Here, we report the anatomical pattern of white matter connections between area prostriata and the thalamus encompassing the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). To this end, we developed and utilized an automated pipeline comprising a series of Apps that run openly on the cloud computing platform brainlife.io to analyse 139 subjects of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We observe a continuous and extended bundle of white matter fibers from which two subcomponents can be extracted: one passing ventrally parallel to the optic radiations (OR) and another passing dorsally circumventing the lateral ventricle. Interestingly, the loop travelling dorsally connects the thalamus with the central visual field representation of prostriata located anteriorly, while the other loop travelling more ventrally connects the LGN with the more peripheral visual field representation located posteriorly. We then analyse an additional cohort of 10 HCP subjects using a manual plane extraction method outside brainlife.io to study the relationship between the two extracted white matter subcomponents and eccentricity, myelin and cortical thickness gradients within prostriata. Our results are consistent with a retinotopic segregation recently demonstrated in the OR, connecting the LGN and V1 in humans and reveal for the first time a retinotopic segregation regarding the trajectory of a fiber bundle between the thalamus and an associative visual area.

Visual-Field Restrictions in Cases of Reading Disability

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1215-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Rubino ◽  
Harold A. Minden
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Reading Disability ◽  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Deficits

23 children who were attending a summer camp for children with learning disabilities and who demonstrated a reading disability at least one grade level below that expected on the basis of chronological age were selected for study. Peripheral visual-field limits were tested for both nasal and temporal fields in both eyes. Testing also took place for central visual field deficits. With very few exceptions the visual field limits were in the range of the accepted norm. 10 randomly selected Ss were retested and the results proved to be reliable as there were no significant differences on first and second testing. It was suggested that an additional study is required which should include a group of children with no reading disabilities.

Relative Localization of Auditory and Visual Events Presented in Peripheral Visual Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Miyauchi ◽  
Dea-Gee Kang ◽  
Yukio Iwaya ◽  
Yôiti Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Relative Localization ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Flashing Light ◽  
The Brain

The brain apparently remaps the perceived locations of simultaneous auditory and visual events into a unified audio-visual space to integrate and/or compare multisensory inputs. However, there is little qualitative or quantitative data on how simultaneous auditory and visual events are located in the peripheral visual field (i.e., outside a few degrees of the fovea). We presented a sound burst and a flashing light simultaneously not only in the central visual field but also in the peripheral visual field and measured the relative perceived locations of the sound and flash. The results revealed that the sound and flash were perceptually located at the same location when the sound was presented at a 5° periphery of the flash, even when the participants’ eyes were fixed. Measurements of the unisensory locations of each sound and flash in a pointing task demonstrated that the perceived location of the sound shifted toward the front, while the perceived location of the flash shifted toward the periphery. As a result, the discrepancy between the perceptual location of the sound and the flash was around 4°. This suggests that the brain maps the unisensory locations of auditory and visual events into a unified audio-visual space, enabling it to generate unisensory spatial information about the events.

scholarly journals The visual white matter connecting human area prostriata and the thalamus is retinotopically organized

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Kurzawski ◽  
Kyriaki Mikellidou ◽  
Maria Concetta Morrone ◽  
Franco Pestilli
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Field Representation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Optic Radiations

AbstractThe human visual system is capable of processing visual information from fovea to the far peripheral visual field. Recent fMRI studies have shown a full and detailed retinotopic map in area prostriata, located ventro-dorsally and anterior to the calcarine sulcus along the parietooccipital sulcus with strong preference for peripheral and wide-field stimulation. Here, we report the anatomical pattern of white-matter connections between area prostriata and the thalamus encompassing the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We observe a continuous and extended bundle of white matter fibers from which two subcomponents can be extracted: one passing ventrally parallel to the optic radiations (OR) and another passing dorsally circumventing the lateral ventricle. Interestingly, the loop travelling dorsally connects the thalamus with the central visual field representation of prostriata, while the other loop travelling more ventrally connects the LGN with the more peripheral visual field representation. This is consistent with a retinotopic segregation recently demonstrated in the OR, connecting the LGN and V1 in humans. Our results demonstrate for the first time a retinotopic segregation regarding the trajectory of a fiber bundle between the thalamus and an associative visual area.

Connections and visual-field mapping in cat's tectoparabigeminal circuit

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sherk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Reciprocal Connections ◽  
Parabigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Visual Field Maps ◽  
Anterior Segments ◽  
Visual Field Mapping ◽  
The Brain

1. The aim of these experiments was to analyze the organization of the reciprocal connections between the cat's superior colliculus and parabigeminal nucleus. Both physiological and anatomical techniques were employed. 2. A population of cells in the superficial gray and upper optic layers of the colliculus was labeled retrogradely by horseradish peroxidase injections into the parabigeminal nucleus. No other sources of input to the nucleus were found in the brain stem or diencephalon. 3. A map of the visual field within the parabigeminal nucleus was reconstructed by plotting visual receptive fields at 350 parabigeminal sites with microelectrodes. The map resembled that found in the colliculus, although it was considerably less orderly. The entire contralateral visual field was represented and, in addition, roughly the central 40 degrees of the ipsilateral hemifield was included; futhermore, the expansion of the central visual field was similar to that of the tectal map. 4. The return parabigeminal projections to the caudal parts of the two colliculi, representing the contralateral hemifields, were in register with the tectal visual-field maps. In contrast, the parabigeminal pathways to the anterior segments of the two colliculi, representing part of the ipsilateral visual fields, were not clearly topographic. The projection to this part of the contralateral colliculus showed little order, while that to the ipsilateral colliculus was extremely sparse. 5. A single site in the colliculus can be the target of axons from nonhomologous locations in the two parabigeminal nuclei; so that both parabigeminal inputs are in register with the tectal map.

Practice Effects on Reaction Time for Peripheral and Central Visual Fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Ando ◽  
Noriyuki Kida ◽  
Shingo Oda
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Key Press ◽  
Before And After

The present study examined whether EMG-RT (KT) for a key press to stimulus in peripheral and central visual fields decreases with practice. 16 male students were divided into two groups, one practicing using peripheral vision, the other practicing using central vision. Before and after practice, RT was measured for peripheral and central visual fields. Each group practiced three blocks of 25 trials five days a week for three weeks. RT for peripheral and central visual fields decreased with practice. Practice effects on RT for the peripheral visual field extended to RT for the central visual field, and vice versa. It is suggested that the transfer may reflect the decrease in the central nervous system's processing time in common between two RT tasks.

scholarly journals Forecasting Future Humphrey Visual Fields Using Deep Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Wen ◽  
Cecilia S. Lee ◽  
Pearse A. Keane ◽  
Sa Xiao ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
University Of Washington ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Interval Model ◽  
Real World Datasets

ABSTRACTPurposeTo determine if deep learning networks could be trained to forecast a future 24-2 Humphrey Visual Field (HVF).DesignRetrospective database study.ParticipantsAll patients who obtained a HVF 24-2 at the University of Washington.MethodsAll datapoints from consecutive 24-2 HVFs from 1998 to 2018 were extracted from a University of Washington database. Ten-fold cross validation with a held out test set was used to develop the three main phases of model development: model architecture selection, dataset combination selection, and time-interval model training with transfer learning, to train a deep learning artificial neural network capable of generating a point-wise visual field prediction.Main outcome measuresMean absolute error (MAE) and difference in Mean Deviation (MD) between predicted and actual future HVF.ResultsMore than 1.7 million perimetry points were extracted to the hundredth decibel from 32,443 24-2 HVFs. The best performing model with 20 million trainable parameters, CascadeNet-5, was selected. The overall MAE for the test set was 2.47 dB (95% CI: 2.45 dB to 2.48 dB). The 100 fully trained models were able to successfully predict progressive field loss in glaucomatous eyes up to 5.5 years in the future with a correlation of 0.92 between the MD of predicted and actual future HVF (p < 2.2 = 10−16) and an average difference of 0.41 dB.ConclusionsUsing unfiltered real-world datasets, deep learning networks show an impressive ability to not only learn spatio-temporal HVF changes but also to generate predictions for future HVFs up to 5.5 years, given only a single HVF.

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