scholarly journals Transit Rider Body Mass Index Before and After Completion of Street Light-Rail Line in Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 1484-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara B. Brown ◽  
Ken R. Smith ◽  
Wyatt A. Jensen ◽  
Doug Tharp
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rail Line

Mechanical effects of obesity on airway responsiveness in otherwise healthy humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Torchio ◽  
Alessandro Gobbi ◽  
Carlo Gulotta ◽  
Raffaele Dellacà ◽  
Marco Tinivella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Residual Capacity

We investigated whether obesity is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in otherwise healthy humans and, if so, whether this correlates with a restrictive lung function pattern or a decreased number of sighs at rest and/or during walking. Lung function was studied before and after inhaling methacholine (MCh) in 41 healthy subjects with body mass index ranging from 20 to 56. Breathing pattern was assessed during a 60-min rest period and a 30-min walk. The dose of MCh that produced a 50% decrease in the maximum expiratory flow measured in a body plethysmograph (PD50MCh) was inversely correlated with body mass index ( r2 = 0.32, P < 0.001) and waist circumference ( r2 = 0.25, P < 0.001). Significant correlations with body mass index were also found with the maximum changes in respiratory resistance ( r2 = 0.19, P < 0.001) and reactance ( r2 = 0.40, P < 0.001) measured at 5 Hz. PD50MCh was also positively correlated with functional residual capacity ( r2 = 0.56, P < 0.001) and total lung capacity ( r2 = 0.59, P < 0.001) in men, but not in women. Neither PD50MCh nor body mass index correlated with number of sighs, average tidal volume, ventilation, or breathing frequency. In this study, airway hyperresponsiveness was significantly associated with obesity in otherwise healthy subjects. In obese men, but not in women, airway hyperresponsiveness was associated with the decreases in lung volumes.

Long-term mild jogging increases insulin action despite no influence on body mass index or VO2 max

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2206-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oshida ◽  
K. Yamanouchi ◽  
S. Hayamizu ◽  
Y. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Improve Glucose Tolerance

Physical training has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In the present study, insulin action was determined using the euglycemic clamp technique in six untrained nonobese subjects before, during, and after long-term mild regular jogging. After 1 yr of jogging, steady-state plasma insulin levels (I) decreased significantly, and the metabolic clearance rate of insulin was increased by 87%, although insulin infusion rate during the clamp was constant for each individual. The amount of glucose infused (glucose metabolism, M) tended to increase from 6.16 +/- 0.94 to 8.15 +/- 1.94 mg.kg-1.min-1 after regular jogging for 1 yr, although that was not statistically significant. However, M/I increases significantly from 0.060 +/- 0.012 to 0.184 +/- 0.056 (P less than 0.05) after 1 yr. The concentrations of plasma free fatty acids during the hyperinsulinemic clamp decreased more significantly after 1 yr of jogging (P less than 0.05). The concentrations of plasma glycerol decreased gradually before and after long-term regular jogging, showing only a 50–60% reduction in 120 min. Therefore, long-term mild regular jogging, which did not influence either body mass index or maximal O2 uptake, appears to improve insulin action in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and to increase the metabolic clearance rate of insulin.

Three Wheel Bike as Physical Therapy Equipment for Post-Stroke Patient

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Made Londen Batan ◽  
Rodika ◽  
Muhamad Riva'i
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
A Value ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Before And After

Three wheel bike as a physical therapy equipment for post-stroke patients was designed with length of 1937 mm, 1010 mm in width and height of 905 mm. The bike is designd ergonomic and can be driven by rider foot or hand simultaneously. By using CATIA software the strength of material bike frame was analyst to support 100 kg of load. The design is realized into a prototype. The performance of bike prototype is tested, and the result sows that the function of bike mechanisme is fulfilled. By 10 respondents, who have a standard body mass index, the pedal test was conducted, and the result indicates that, the higher the speed of the pedal, the higher the energy consumption to pedaling. Leg tension muscles is measured by leg-dynamometer before and after pedaling, and the result shows the tension muscle is proportional to the increase of pedal speed. In order to evaluate the ergonomic aspect of bike design, the risk angle of extrem position of body during cycling are measured by goneo-set. By RULA method the risk of injury value of rider body is calculated while pedaling, and the result showed that 70% of respondents have a value of risk injury 2, while 30% had a value of 3. It means that, the bike design is ergonomic and comfortable to ride. In oder to evaluate the benefits of disigned bike, the pedal test is conducted by 4 post-stroke patients for 30 days periodical once every 3 days. The result shows that during 1 month exercise, the average number of cycling to pedal increase up to 100%. This means that the ability of post-stroke patients to pedal the bike increase significantly. That result showed that the bike design is useful as a tool for physical therapy post-stroke patients.

scholarly journals A High-Fat Diet Elicits Differential Responses in Genes Coordinating Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Lean and Obese Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Boyle ◽  
J. P. Canham ◽  
L. A. Consitt ◽  
D. Zheng ◽  
T. R. Koves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Obese Subjects

Context: In lean individuals, increasing dietary lipid can elicit an increase in whole body lipid oxidation; however, with obesity the capacity to respond to changes in substrate availability appears to be compromised. Objective: To determine whether the responses of genes regulating lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle differed between lean and insulin resistant obese humans upon exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). Design and Setting: A 5-d prospective study conducted in the research unit of an academic center. Participants: Healthy, lean (n = 12; body mass index = 22.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2), and obese (n=10; body mass index = 39.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2) males and females, between ages 18 and 30. Intervention: Participants were studied before and after a 5-d HFD (65% fat). Main Outcome Measures: Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained in the fasted and fed states before and after the HFD and mRNA content for genes involved with lipid oxidation determined. Skeletal muscle acylcarnitine content was determined in the fed states before and after the HFD. Results: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α mRNA content increased in lean, but not obese, subjects after a single high-fat meal. From Pre- to Post-HFD, mRNA content exhibited a body size × HFD interaction, where the lean individuals increased while the obese individuals decreased mRNA content for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, uncoupling protein 3, PPARα, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (P ≤ 0.05). In the obese subjects medium-chain acylcarnitine species tended to accumulate, whereas no change or a reduction was evident in the lean individuals. Conclusions: These findings indicate a differential response to a lipid stimulus in the skeletal muscle of lean and insulin resistant obese humans.

Heart Failure Risk before and after Kidney Transplantation: Importance of Body Mass Index

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. S83
Author(s):  
Krista L. Lentine ◽  
Huiling Xiao ◽  
Mark A. Schnitzler ◽  
Paul J. Hauptman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Short-Term Manipulation of Plasma Free Fatty Acids Does Not Change Skeletal Muscle Concentrations of Ceramide and Glucosylceramide in Lean and Overweight Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Serlie ◽  
A. J. Meijer ◽  
J. E. Groener ◽  
M. Duran ◽  
E. Endert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Plasma Ffas

Abstract Context: Increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations may be in part responsible for the increased levels of ceramide in skeletal muscle of obese subjects. Objective: We studied the effect of lowering and increasing plasma FFA levels on muscle ceramide and glucosylceramide concentrations in lean and obese subjects. Design: Plasma FFAs were either increased or decreased for 6 h by infusing a lipid emulsion or using Acipimox, respectively. Muscle biopsies were performed before and after the intervention for measurements of ceramide and glucosylceramide. Study Subjects: Eight lean [body mass index 21.9 (range, 19.6–24.6) kg/m2] and six overweight/obese [body mass index 34.4 (27.8–42.5) kg/m2] subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in the study. Main Outcome Measure: Differences in muscle ceramide and glucosylceramide upon manipulation of plasma FFAs were measured. Results: There were no differences in muscle ceramide and glucosylceramide between lean and obese subjects, respectively. Increasing or decreasing plasma FFAs for 6 h had no effect on ceramide [high FFAs: 24 (19–25) vs. 24 (22–27) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.46; and 22 (20–28) vs. 24 (18–26) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.89 in lean and obese, respectively; low FFAs: 26 (24–35) vs. 23 (18–27) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.17 and 24 (15–44) vs. 24 (19–42) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.6 in lean and obese, respectively] and glucosylceramide [high FFAs: 2.0 (1.7–4.3) vs. 3.4 (2.1–4.6) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.17; and 3.0 (1.3–6.7) vs. 2.6 (1.2–3.9) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.89 in lean and obese, respectively; low FFAs: 2.2 (1.0–4.4) vs. 1.7 (1.4–3.0) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.92; and 6.6 (1.0–25.0) vs. 4.3 (1.3–7.6) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.7 in lean and obese, respectively] concentrations in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Short-term manipulation of plasma FFAs has no effect on ceramide and glucosylceramide concentrations in skeletal muscle from lean and obese subjects.

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