How do Hispanics/Latinos Perceive and Value the Return of Research Results?

Introduction: Interest in the return of research results has been increasing; however, little is known about how Hispanics/Latinos perceive and value receiving results. This study examined differences among Hispanics/Latinos by education and income in the experience and expectations about the return of research results, perceived value of specific types of information, and the least and most valuable specific information. Method: Retrospective observational design using a cross-sectional national survey sample of Hispanics/Latinos (n = 327). Results: Higher educational attainment was positively associated with the expectation to receive research results, likelihood to participate in research if given study findings, and likelihood to trust researchers if given results. Higher income was positively associated with the perceived value of getting results. Respondents with higher education specifically perceived greater value in information about how lifestyle and genetics affect their risk of disease, how genetics affect how they respond to medications, their ancestry, available clinical trials near them, and how to connect with other study participants. Respondents with higher income perceived greater value in information about how genetics affect their risk of disease and how they respond to medications. Conclusion: The findings offer important insights for planning research initiatives and for developing culturally targeted educational materials for Hispanics/Latinos.

Discordance Between Satisfaction and Health Literacy Among Spanish-Speaking Patients with Limited English-Proficiency Seeking Emergency Department Care

Introduction: The emergency department (ED) is one clinical setting where issues pertaining to health communication uniquely manifest themselves on a daily basis. This pilot study sought to understand satisfaction with care, perceptions of medical staff concern, awareness, and comprehension of medical care among Spanish-speaking patients with limited English-language proficiency (LEP). Methods: A two-phase, mixed-methods approach was employed among Spanish-speaking patients with LEP that presented to an ED in West Central Florida. The prospective phase consisted of semistructured interviews ( n = 25). The retrospective phase analyzed existing patient satisfaction data collected at the study site ( n = 4,940). Results: Content analysis revealed several linguistic barriers among this patient population including limited individual autonomy, self-blame for being unable to effectively articulate concerns, and lack of clarity in understanding follow-up care plans. Retrospective analysis suggested differences between responses from Spanish-speaking patients when compared with their English-speaking counterparts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest discordance between satisfaction and health literacy in this unique patient population. Although high satisfaction was reported, this appeared to be secondary to comprehension of follow-up care instructions.

A Programmatic Evaluation of School Preparedness for Latinx Children and Families: A Partnership Program

Introduction: Latinx children are the fastest-growing ethnic minority of children under the age of 5 years in a tri-county area in the Southeastern United States (US Census, 2018). There are limited culturally and linguistically appropriate school preparedness initiatives in this geographic region. Methods: A cultural and linguistic appropriate program was developed in coordination with the state's largest Latinx advocacy organization and two patient-centered pediatric medical homes (PCPMHs) after securing extramural grant funding for an evidenced-based home visitation program using skilled community health workers (CHWs) aimed at Latinx children at the age of 0–5 years and their caregivers. The program includes developmental screenings using the Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition (ASQ®-3), CHW role modeling of developmentally appropriate play, early literacy, connection to resources, oral health, nutrition, and physical activity. Results: Of the 103 unique children represented in this programmatic evaluation that received an initial and follow-up ASQ®-3 developmental screening, paired t-tests indicate statistically significant improvement in mean scores from the first to second ASQ®-3 in all five major developmental domains with the largest gains represented in the communication and fine motor skill domains. Conclusion: This evaluation suggests that low-frequency home visits from skilled CHWs can have a beneficial effect on development in early childhood. PPCMHs can serve as a hub for these community-based programs.

Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: NHIS 2010 and 2015 Data

Introduction: Much of the data related to colorectal cancer (CRC) disease burden among Hispanics is grouped together. The purpose of our study was to better understand the current screening uptake across Hispanic subgroups. Methods: Data from the CRC screening portion of the 2010 and 2015 Adult Cancer Control Module of the National Hispanic Interview Survey (NHIS). A univariate and multivariable analysis were conducted. Results: Total sample size: 7,389. Subgroup with most participants: Mexican-American. For all Hispanics, 24% were up to date with CRC screening. In adjusted analyses, variables significantly associated with being up to date among all Hispanics were: older age (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.03; p = <.0001), female sex (PR = 1.28; p = 0.003), more than high school education (PR = 1.25; p = 0.006), annual household income between $45,000 and $74,999 ( PR = 1.51; p = 0.018), living in the United States for 15 years or more (PR = 1.45; p = 0.039), having health insurance (PR = 2.06; p = <.0001), and having a first-degree relative with CRC (PR = 1.35; p < .0001). Discussion: Various social determinants of health were found to be associated with increased prevalence of being up to date with CRC screening among different Hispanic subgroups. Conclusion: These findings serve as a starting point to develop interventions tailored to specific Hispanic subgroups with social determinants of health, namely low socioeconomic status, at the forefront of development.

Financial Barriers to Mental Healthcare Services and Depressive Symptoms among Residents of Washington Heights, New York City

Objectives: In the United States, Hispanics are more likely to experience financial barriers to mental health care than non-Hispanics. We used a unique survey to study the effect of these financial barriers on the severity of depressive symptoms among Hispanics who had previously been diagnosed as having depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 Washington Heights Community Survey, administered to 2,489 households in Manhattan, New York City. Multiple regression models and propensity score matching were used to estimate the association between financial barriers to mental health care and depressive symptoms and the likelihood of being clinically depressed. Results: Among those diagnosed with depression, those with financial barriers to mental health services or counseling had significantly higher (β = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.70) depressive symptoms. When propensity score matching was utilized, those with financial barriers to mental health services had significantly greater depressive symptoms (β = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.37, 0.89) and were significantly more likely to be currently depressed (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.46, 3.89), in comparison to those who had access. Conclusions: Making mental health care more affordable and therefore more accessible to Hispanics is one step toward mitigating the burden on mental illness and decreasing health disparities.

Understanding the Dialogical Experiences of Puerto Rican Women With Fibromyalgia: An Intersectional Analysis

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a condition that is often misunderstood by the medical community. Misunderstandings are exacerbated when a patient is an ethnic minority, and recent literature suggests that ethnic minorities are shown to have a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia. Despite this information, many studies about fibromyalgia are conducted with Anglo-Americans while ethnic minorities are underrepresented. Methods: To address this research gap, this study uses qualitative interviews to discuss the dialogical experiences of Puerto Rican women with fibromyalgia through a combination of intersectional and rhetorical theory. These methodologies can reveal what having various identities can mean when communicating in institutional and cultural settings. Results: The data shows a significant level of gaslighting by providers, which led participants to more aggressively seek proper treatment. Cultural deference towards doctors was also noted as a practice that can backfire, especially when living with a condition that is often dismissed. Conclusion: The results indicate that when the body's truth is filtered through intersectional lenses, this truth can become distorted or lost.

Awareness of Oral Disorders Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Spaniards

Introduction: Oral status has a clear impact on systemic health, a key component of successful aging. Awareness of oral disorders permits early diagnoses and treatments. This study investigates oral disorders awareness among community-dwelling elders. Methods: Community-based survey through face-to-face interviews undertaken in four cities at busy commercial and administrative areas. Results: A total of 789 people were recruited, mostly nonsmoker (60.3%) males (56.9%) with basic education (65.6%). The most frequently recalled disorder was bruxism, followed by periodontal diseases and ulcerations/aphthae. Caries was mentioned by 3.91%. Dentate participants were more aware of dental-related disorders, such as bruxism ( p = .001) and periodontitis ( p = .010), except for caries ( p = .100). Caries awareness was related to educational level ( p = .018) and smoking ( p = .020), as was oral cancer ( p = .019) with former smokers more aware of this neoplasm. Education was strongly related with periodontal awareness ( p = .001). Conclusion: Awareness of the main oral disorders is worryingly poor among the elderly population and immediate action is required by taking advantage of the position of family nurses in the treatment of systemic chronic disorders and through educational interventions on this population subgroup to ease preventive behaviors, favor early diagnoses, and promote simpler, more effective treatments with a lower financial burden.

Moral Injury and Light Triad Traits: Anxiety and Depression in Health-Care Personnel During the Coronavirus-2019 Pandemic in Honduras

The purpose of the current study was to determine the influence of moral injury and Light Triad (LT) personality traits on anxiety and depression symptoms of health-care personnel during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used, the study included a sample of 169 health-care workers from Honduras. Data was gathered through the Moral Injury Symptom Scale for Health Professionals (MISS-HP), Light Triad Scale (LTS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Patient-Health Questionnaire-9. Results suggest that almost 9 out of 10 respondents experienced at least one potentially morally injurious event, 45.6% were at significant risk of impairment related to moral injury. Working with limited staff and resources, and the implications of it, was the most common potentially morally injurious situation reported by the respondents. Results suggest that MISS-HP Mistrust has significant negative correlations with LT traits. A hierarchical regression model determined that Moral Injury, but not LT traits, significantly affected depression symptoms. On the other hand, anxiety symptoms were significantly predicted by Moral Injury, as did LTS-Humanism. The results were discussed according to their implications for public health policy in Latin America.