scholarly journals Determination of the Error in Transferring of Length Unit’s Size when Measuring the Nanoparticles’ Diameter Using an Analyzer of Particles’ Differential Electrical Mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
V. L. Solomakho ◽  
A. A. Bagdun
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution Function ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Uniformity Of Measurements ◽  
Unit Of Length

The quality of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies is largely determined by the stability of the applied technologies, which, to a large extent, depend on the constancy of particle sizes. In this regard, metrological problems arise that are associated both with measuring the dimensions of the microstructure of aerosols, suspensions and powders, and with ensuring the uniformity of measurements when transferring a unit of a physical quantity from a standard to working measuring instruments. The purpose of this work was to determine and calculate the error in transferring the size of a unit of length when measuring the diameter of nanoparticles.An analyzer of differential electric mobility of particles was determined as a reference measuring instrument for which the calculation was made. It allows the separation of aerosol particles based on the dependence of their electrical mobility on the particle size. In combination with a condensation particle counter, it allows you to scan an aerosol and build a particle size distribution function. This measurement method is the most accurate in the field of measuring the diameters of particles in aerosols, therefore, the error in the transmission of particle size must be set as for a standard.The paper describes the physical principles of measurement by this method and presents an equation for determining the diameter of nanoparticles. Based on this equation, the sources of non-excluded systematic error were identified. Also, an experimental method was used to determine the random component of the measurement error of nanoparticles and to calculate the error in transferring the size of a unit of length when measuring the diameter of nanoparticles.The obtained results will be used for metrological support of standard samples of particle size, ensuring traceability of measurements of aerosol particle counters and for aerosol research.

THE ENHANCEMENT OF METROLOGICAL SUPPORT THE COATING THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
S. S. Golubev ◽  
L. S. Babadzhanov ◽  
M. L. Babadzhanova ◽  
T. A. Koryushkina
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Support ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Uniformity Of Measurements ◽  
Foreign Production ◽  
Unit Of Length ◽  
Unity Of Measurements ◽  
Thickness Measurements

The article shows an improved hierarchy scheme in the field of coating thickness measurements, which was revised due to inclusion to Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements more than a hundred new types of Russian and foreign thickness gauges based on of different operating principles. The range of measurements has expanded and accuracy has been improved. It is shown that about 40 % of the approved types of thickness gauges are measuring instruments of foreign production. For responsible groups of materials (nickel on steel and nickel on bronze), only foreign coating thickness gauges are used. To improve the unity of measurements of the coatings thickness, it was necessary to expand the measurement ranges of the reference measuring standards and thickness gauges from 0 to 120 000 microns, as well as the introduction of new measuring standards borrowed from other hierarchy schemes. The article provides the necessary reference measuring standards and thickness gauges, methods for transmitting a unit of length, measuring ranges and measurement errors.

Informational Measures of the Shape of the Amoroso Distributions for the Research of Dispersed Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Vitaly Polosin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution Function ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Particle Size Distribution Function

For the particle size distribution function various forms of exponential models are used to construct models of the properties of dispersed substance. The most difficult stage of applied research is to determine the shape of the particle distribution model. For the particle size distribution function various forms of exponential models are used to construct models of the properties of dispersed substance. The most difficult stage of applied research is to determine the shape of the particle distribution model. The article proposes a uniform model for setting the interval of information uncertainty of non-symmetric particle size distributions. Based on the analysis of statistical and information uncertainty intervals, new shape coefficients of distribution models are constructed, these are the entropy coefficients for shifted and non shifted distributions of the Amoroso family. Graphics of dependence of entropy coefficients of non-symmetrical distributions show that distributions well-known are distinguish at small of the shapes parameters. Also it is illustrated for parameters of the form more than 2 that it is preferable to use the entropy coefficients for the unshifted distributions.The material contains also information measures for the well-known logarithmic normal distribution which is a limiting case of distribution Amorozo.

scholarly journals Particle Size Distribution of E-Cigarette Aerosols and the Relationship to Cambridge Filter Pad Collection Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Alderman ◽  
Chen Song ◽  
Serban C. Moldoveanu ◽  
Stephen K. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Measurement ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Total Particulate Matter

AbstractThe relatively volatile nature of the particulate matter fraction of e-cigarette aerosols presents an experimental challenge with regard to particle size distribution measure-ments. This is particularly true for instruments requiring a high degree of aerosol dilution. This was illustrated in a previous study, where average particle diameters in the 10-50 nm range were determined by a high-dilution, electrical mobility method. Total particulate matter (TPM) masses calculated based on those diameters were orders of magnitude smaller than gravimetrically determined TPM. This discrepancy was believed to result from almost complete particle evaporation at the dilution levels of the electrical mobility analysis. The same study described a spectral transmission measurement of e-cigarette particle size in an undiluted state, and reported particles from 210-380 nm count median diameter. Observed particle number concentrations were in the 10Described here is a study in which e-cigarette aerosols were collected on Cambridge filters with adsorbent traps placed downstream in an effort to capture any material passing through the filter. Amounts of glycerin, propylene glycol, nicotine, and water were quantified on the filter and downstream trap. Glycerin, propylene glycol, and nicotine were effciently captured (> 98%) by the upstream Cambridge filter, and a correlation was observed between filtration efficiency and the partial vapor pressure of each component. The present analysis was largely inconclusive with regard to filter efficiency and particle-vapor partitioning of water. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 183-190]

scholarly journals Neural network modelling to estimate particle size distribution based on other particle sections and meteorological parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak Lun Fung ◽  
Martha Arbayani Zaidan ◽  
Ola Surakhi ◽  
Sasu Tarkoma ◽  
Tuukka Petäjä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. In air quality research, often only particle mass concentrations as indicators of aerosol particles are considered. However, the mass concentrations do not provide sufficient information to convey the full story of fractionated size distribution, which are able to deposit differently on respiratory system and cause various harm. Aerosol size distribution measurements rely on a variety of techniques to classify the aerosol size and measure the size distribution. From the raw data the ambient size distribution is determined utilising a suite of inversion algorithms. However, the inversion problem is quite often ill-posed and challenging to invert. Due to the instrumental insufficiency and inversion limitations, models for fractionated particle size distribution are of great significance to fill the missing gaps or negative values. The study at hand involves a merged particle size distribution, from a scanning mobility particle sizer (NanoSMPS) and an optical particle sizer (OPS) covering the aerosol size distributions from 0.01 to 0.42 μm (electrical mobility equivalent size) and 0.3 μm to 10 μm (optical equivalent size) and meteorological parameters collected at an urban background region in Amman, Jordan in the period of 1st Aug 2016–31st July 2017. We develop and evaluate feed-forward neural network (FFNN) models to estimate number concentrations at particular size bin with (1) meteorological parameters, (2) number concentration at other size bins, and (3) both of the above as input variables. Two layers with 10–15 neurons are found to be the optimal option. Lower model performance is observed at the lower edge (0.01 

Determination of precision conditions for measuring relative values in mechanical tests of various materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Lohanina ◽  
Olga V. Baranova ◽  
Larisa V. Trubacheva
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Uniformity Of Measurements ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Abrasive Disk ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements

The problem of insufficient detail of the requirements for the developed and certified measurement methods used in mechanical testing of various materials is considered. The compatibility of the requirements of metrological support for the results of quantitative chemical analysis and indirect results of mechanical tests for the wear resistance of materials when rubbing against a fixed abrasive is relevant. To ensure the accuracy of measurements, it is proposed to use the grain size of the abrasive material and the rotation speed of the abrasive disk as variable factors. In order to establish the requirements for the metrological characteristics of materials during mechanical tests, in particular, when determining the relative wear resistance, the conditions for precision measurements are justified. The results of a multi-stage experiment-testing of materials for wear resistance with the use of various research and consumables, measuring instruments and testing equipment are presented. The conditions for the organization of the experiment in the case of determining other relative mechanical characteristics of the materials under study for establishing precision indicators in the development of methods of mechanical tests for abrasive wear are proposed and justified. The application of the obtained results will allow developers of mechanical testing methods to establish metrological characteristics of materials in compliance with all the requirements of the State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Effects of reformed fuel on dual-fuel combustion particulate morphology

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741987978
Author(s):  
Flavio Dal Forno Chuahy ◽  
Tyler Strickland ◽  
Nicholas Ryan Walker ◽  
Sage L Kokjohn
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Dual Fuel Combustion ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Advancements in catalytic reforming have demonstrated the ability to generate syngas (a mixture of CO and hydrogen) from a single hydrocarbon stream. This syngas mixture can then be used to replace diesel fuel and enable dual-fuel combustion strategies. The role of port-fuel injected syngas, composed of equal parts hydrogen and carbon monoxide by volume, was investigated experimentally for soot reduction benefits under diesel pilot ignition and reactivity controlled compression ignition strategies. Particle size distribution measurements were made with a scanning mobility particle sizer and condensation particle counter for different levels of syngas substitution. To explain the experimental results, computational fluid dynamics simulations utilizing a detailed stochastic soot model were used to validate and initialize additional simulations that isolate mixing and chemistry effects. Based on these simulations, the influence of adding syngas on soot particle size and quantity is discussed.

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