3-D Land Seismic Acquisition in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Between 1991 and 1996, Saudi Aramco has acquired more than 8,500 square kilometers of 3-D seismic data in Saudi Arabia. During this time, a universal approach to 3-D acquisition has been developed. The resulting acquisition schemes use a dense source point grid with a low sweep effort per source point, and a high number of recorded channels distributed over a large surface aperture. This sampling strategy results in high fold data. Cost-effectiveness is achieved by ensuring that the source and receiver effort are balanced. Comparisons have shown that increases in surface aperture and fold, cross-line fold in particular, improve the data quality significantly at a marginal increase in cost. The cost per unit of data is made significantly lower even if the cost per unit of time may increase.

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Teleophthalmology and its evolving role in a COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore ◽

10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 61-76

Author(s):

Jiamin Charmaine Chong ◽

Chai-Hoon Nowel Tan ◽

David Z Chen

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Health Informatics ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Included Study ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Cost

ABSTRACT Introduction: Teleophthalmology may assist the healthcare sector in adapting to limitations imposed on clinical practice by a viral pandemic. A scoping review is performed in this study to assess the current applications of teleophthalmology for its suitability to diagnose, monitor or manage ophthalmological conditions with accuracy. Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for teleophthalmology-related articles published from 1 January 2018 to 4 May 2020. Only articles that focused on the use of teleophthalmology in terms of diagnosis and management, as well as its benefits and detriments, were included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the included articles. Results: A total of 38 articles were assessed at the full-text level. There were 2 qualitative studies and 1 quantitative randomised controlled trial, while the majority were either quantitative descriptive studies (19, 50.0%) or quantitative non-randomised studies (16, 42.1%). Overall, 8 studies described reducing manpower requirements, 4 described reducing direct patient–doctor contact, 17 described storage of medical imaging and clinical data, and 9 described real-time teleconferencing. The MMAT analysis revealed limitations in appropriate sampling strategy in both quantitative non-randomised studies (9 of 16, 56.3%) and quantitative descriptive studies (9 of 19, 47.4%). Cost-effectiveness of teleophthalmology was not performed in any included study. Conclusion: This current review of the various aspects of teleophthalmology describes how it may potentially assist the healthcare sector to cope with the limitations imposed by a viral pandemic through technology. Further research is required to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the various strategies. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, health informatics, ophthalmology, teleconsultation, telemedicine

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THE EXPLORATION AND APPRAISAL HISTORY OF THE SKUA FIELD, AC /P2 - TIMOR SEA.

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj89012 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

M. Osborne

Keyword(s):

Data Quality ◽

Seismic Data ◽

Joint Venture ◽

Complex Field ◽

Quality Improvements ◽

Associated Gas ◽

Seismic Acquisition ◽

History Of ◽

Timor Sea ◽

Field Geology

The discovery of the Skua Field resulted from an extended and aggressive exploration program with major emphasis placed on gaining continual improvements in seismic data quality. Improved seismic data was principally responsible for the accurate delineation of the Swift and Skua structures which resulted in the drilling of the Skua-2 discovery well in 1985.A positive analysis of the results of Skua-2 (which clipped the fault bounded edge of the field) coupled with extensive new seismic acquisition and further seismic data quality improvements encouraged the AC/P2 Joint Venture to drill the field confirmation well Skua-3, in 1987.The appraisal stage of the Skua field included three further wells and was designed to investigate several specific problem areas: the modest structural size, the volume of a small associated gas cap, the presence of steeply dipping reservoir strata of interbedded sands and shales, and the effect of discrete zones of intense velocity anomaly.A major consideration has been to achieve a balance between exploration expenditure and the need to attain a thorough understanding of the complex field geology to reduce the uncertainties associated with the problem areas.The only potentially viable development option for Skua is to use subsea completions and a floating production facility (FPF). BHP Petroleum's engineering expertise and history of FPF developments at Jabiru and Challis is of great importance to successfully developing this smaller, more complex field.

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The seismic sand curve revisited

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.2817485 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. A7-A10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christopher Liner

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Data Processing ◽

Seismic Data ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Seismic Data Processing ◽

Field Methods ◽

Saudi Aramco ◽

Continuous Use ◽

Recent Laboratory ◽

Level Of Agreement

A sand curve described [Formula: see text] ago has been in continuous use by Saudi Aramco for seismic data processing in dune areas of the Rub Al-Khali. Refraction field methods behind this sand curve have many potential uncertainties. Recent laboratory data on dry sand similar to that in Saudi Arabia allows the calculation of a new sand curve for comparison. The result is a remarkable level of agreement based on two very different kinds of measurement, giving added confidence and refinement to the venerable sand curve.

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The cost-effectiveness of sequential versus standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.4103/sjg.sjg_536_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0

Author(s):

Yazed AlRuthia ◽

MajidA Almadi ◽

Sadeem Alqahtani ◽

Hala Alrasheed ◽

Mohammad Al-Owairdhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Triple Therapy ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽

Standard Triple Therapy ◽

The Cost

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The Value of Seismic Data in Conventional and Unconventional Fields

10.2118/204715-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nawaf Alghamdi ◽

Hamad Alghenaim

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Seismic Data ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Positive Impact ◽

3D Seismic ◽

Seismic Processing ◽

High Reward ◽

Seismic Acquisition ◽

The Republic ◽

Conventional Field

Abstract The paper illustrates the value of seismic data in different environments after assessing the benefits and costs of processes such as seismic acquisition, seismic processing and seismic interpretation. Global examples from conventional and unconventional fields are discussed to show how seismic data plays a significant role in determining low-risk and high-reward wells and also eliminating the high-risk and low-reward wells. This paper shows an example of a conventional field in the state of Kansas, USA, where the net present value (NPV) increased by more than 17 times when 3D seismic data was acquired, while in an unconventional field the commercial success rate rose from 30% to 70% due to 3D seismic acquisition. However, two offshore fields in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago are discussed to show that the NPV as impacted by advanced seismic processing was more than 111 ($M). Another example comes from Viking Field, a conventional field in Canada, where the NPV was increased from 3800 ($M) to 5000 ($M) when the seismic data was re-processed. Furthermore, the value of investing in seismic data was investigated and quantified by comparing two synthetically modeled scenarios in Saudi Arabia. Overall, the four examples from North America, Central America and Saudi Arabia illustrate that investment in seismic data has a positive impact on both conventional and unconventional fields. That provides strong evidence to encourage more investments in geophysical technologies.

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Cost-effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies in Saudi Arabia: Comparing in vitro fertilization with intrauterine insemination

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120931988 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212093198

Author(s):

Faisal Almaslami ◽

Syed Mohamed Aljunid

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Live Birth ◽

Treatment Cycle ◽

Intrauterine Insemination ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Effectiveness Analysis ◽

The Cost

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination for the management of unexplained, mild male and mild female factor infertility in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was conducted for couples seeking assisted reproductive technology services between January and December 2016 in one of the largest private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Activity-Based Costing and Step-Down Costing methodologies with expert interviews were used to compute the costs of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination. A total of 710 assisted reproductive technology procedures were observed by the embryologist in charge. The costs calculated included direct and indirect costs. A cost-effectiveness analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted. Results: The average cost per in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination cycle was SR 27,360 (range: SR 19,541–29,618) and SR 10,143 (range: SR 7568–11,976), respectively, and the live birth rate per initiated in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination cycle was 20.7% and 7.9%, respectively, resulting in an average cost per live birth per in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination treatment cycle of SR 132,174 (95% confidence interval: 120,802–143,546) and SR 128,392 (95% confidence interval: 124,468–132,316), respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was SR 134,508 per extra live birth implicit in a decision to treat with in vitro fertilization. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the cost-effectiveness results. Conclusion: This study found that from a societal perspective, one in vitro fertilization treatment cycle was more cost-effective than intrauterine insemination in Saudi Arabia.

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Portable dense geophone array for shallow and very shallow 3D seismic reflection surveying: Part 1—Data acquisition, quality control, and processing

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1836818 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1443-1455 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ran Bachrach ◽

Tapan Mukerji

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Data Quality ◽

Seismic Reflection ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

3D Seismic ◽

Coherent Noise ◽

Event Identification ◽

Efficient Processing ◽

The Cost

A strategy is presented for 3D seismic reflection imaging of shallow and very shallow targets, utilizing a portable dense geophone array. A dense 2D geophone array identifies faint shallow reflections and suppresses coherent noise. Fixing the receiver locations enables the design of quality control (QC) procedures that improve event identification. The number of shots, shot locations, and their effect on target illumination can be evaluated with various QC tools during acquisition to improve overall data quality. At the same time the portability of the array increases the cost effectiveness. Radially projected supergathers enable the choice of efficient processing parameters. With sufficiently high fold and 3D frequency–wavenumber filtering, the dense geophone array is shown to image reflectors from 8 to 50 ms, along with a dominant 20‐ms water table reflection.

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