Morphotypes, polymorphism and peristome in the species of the genus Holcophylloceras Spath, 1927. Hypothesis of the dimorphism in the species Holcophylloceras zignodianum (d’Orbigny, 1848)

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Joly ◽  
Bruno Fonters

Abstract The genus Holcophylloceras Spath, 1927, including especially a majority of Jurassic species and some rare lower Cretaceous species, is easy to distinguish from other genera with constrictions such as Calliphylloceras Spath, 1927 or Sowerbyceras Parona & Bonarelli, 1895. In the genus Holcophylloceras the constrictions are clearly sigmoid or falcoid. Both characteristics can be observed on the same specimen. In the genus Calliphylloceras the constrictions are falcoid while they are sigmoid on Sowerbyceras. Actually these genera are closely allied and they represent evolutionary stages in a lineage characterized by more or less growth alteration. The lineage origin probably exists among Liassic Phylloceras. The genus Calliphylloceras shows a small growth alteration, while it is maximal in Sowerbyceras and it is intermediate in Holcophylloceras. This note shows that species of the genus Holcophylloceras are also characterized by three morphotypes: prae-caucasica, caucasica and nausikaae; these morphotypes do not characterize any particular species. The first and the second morphotypes could be an adaptation to live in deep waters. They probably give more solidity to the shell. The initial object of this note was to study again all the morphotypes of the genus Holcophylloceras with a new material collected in the oxfordian “Terres noires”. The authors of this note have studied the relations between the morphotypes prae-caucasica, caucasica and the peristome of Holcophylloceras. Does the peristome study permit to envisage the existence of dimorphic couples? (sexual dimorphism?). The result has been disappointing. On the other hand many microconchs and macroconchs have been identified. In particular with zignodianum-mediterraneum it is possible to identify the “male form” (zignodianum = microconch) and the “female form” (mediterraneum = macroconch) which confirms the intuition of Beznosov [1958] by an other approach to the problem. Many authors asked them if they had to separate the forms with sigmoid constrictions from those with falcoid constrictions. It seems now, there is no doubt and both species zignodianum-mediterraneum have to be joined in the same taxon zignodianum which has priority over mediterraneum. Last result of this study is the justification of the genus Holcophylloceras created by Spath.

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rafał Ziobro

Summary The coexistence of “classical” finite sequences [1] and their zero-based equivalents finite 0-sequences [6] in Mizar has been regarded as a disadvantage. However the suggested replacement of the former type with the latter [5] has not yet been implemented, despite of several advantages of this form, such as the identity of length and domain operators [4]. On the other hand the number of theorems formalized using finite sequence notation is much larger then of those based on finite 0-sequences, so such translation would require quite an effort. The paper addresses this problem with another solution, using the Mizar system [3], [2]. Instead of removing one notation it is possible to introduce operators which would concatenate sequences of various types, and in this way allow utilization of the whole range of formalized theorems. While the operation could replace existing FS2XFS, XFS2FS commands (by using empty sequences as initial elements) its universal notation (independent on sequences that are concatenated to the initial object) allows to “forget” about the type of sequences that are concatenated on further positions, and thus simplify the proofs.


2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Jenny Siew Lee Chew ◽  
Agnes Yin Yee Ho ◽  
Boon Chin Lim ◽  
Wai Loon Chan ◽  
Yeek Chia Ho ◽  
...  

Natural source of coagulant is certainly being considered in addressing the disadvantages associated with the use of inorganic coagulants. Annona muricata is hypothesized to be new material as natural coagulant aid in coagulation-flocculation process. On the other hand, due to the high lipids content in microalgae, namely, Chlorella vulgaris is used in producing renewable energy, i.e. biodiesel. Coagulation-flocculation is an effective method in microalgae harvesting. Thus, in this study, a novel natural coagulant aid extracted from fruit waste in algae harvesting. It is aimed to (1) to extract natural coagulant aid (hereafter is known as biopolymer) extracted from Annona muricata seeds in algae harvesting, and (2) to evaluate the operational conditions of coagulation-flocculation process by utilizing the biopolymer. As a result, it is observed that acid extraction and extraction through sodium chloride does not show any yield. On the other hand, the harvesting efficiency showed positive response as coagulant aid at 20 mg/L.


Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakuntala Shenoy ◽  
D.R. Jalihal ◽  
K.N. Sankolli

AbstractThe aesthetascs of the prawns are chemo- and mechano-receptors which exhibit diversity in number and shape depending on habitat and environment. In marine forms (both adults and larvae) they arc more numerous, longer, slender and uniformely thin wallcd. In adults of freshwater prawns they are fewer, shorter, divided into a thick walled stalk and a thin distal cob-like portion. However, they arc structurally different and positioned differently in the atyid genus Caridina and palaemonid genus Macrobrachium. Further, Caridina exhibits sexual dimorphism with males possessing a greater number of aesthctascs-bearing segments than females, unlike Macrobrachium which does not show such dimorphism. As far as larvae are concerned, in the 'inland species' of both genera, which complete their metamorphosis purely in freshwater, the 'freshwater- type aesthetases' appear in the first and second zoeal stages in totally or partially abbreviated type of development respectively. On the other hand, the early zoeal stages of 'coastal species' possess 'marine-type aesthetascs' indicating salinity dependence for their successful metamorphosis. These aesthetascs get shortened in late larval stages and subsequently get transformed into typically 'freshwater type' from postlarva onwards. A unique kind of 'branched larval aesthetascs' has been observed in two species of Macrobrachium. Thus, despite their common sensory function, the aesthetascs exhibit structural variations depending on environment and also play an important role as salinity indicators in the culture of freshwater prawns.


1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Minet

AbstractThis paper is chiefly aimed at reassessing the limits of four bombycoid families, namely the Eupterotidae, Saturniidae, Lemoniidae, and Brahmaeidae. An incompletely resolved cladogram is proposed for the whole 'bombycoid complex' (Mimallonoidea + Lasiocampoidea + Bombycoidea). Within the Bombycoidea, the primary dichotomy is considered to lie between the Eupterotidae + Bombycidae s.lat. + Endromidae + Mirinidae + Saturniidae, and the Carthaeidae + Lemoniidae + Brahmaeidae + Sphingidae. Sharing at least nine synapomorphies, the Lemoniidae and Brahmaeidae are regarded as reliable sister groups, and the Lemoniidae + Brahmaeidae are proposed as a sister group to the Sphingidae. Another newly proposed clade groups together the Endromidae, Mirinidae and Saturniidae. At family level, the Hibrildidae are synonymized with the Eupterotidae (syn. n.), for which the most significant autapomorphy lies in a previously unnoticed particularity of the female hind leg (distitarsus typically provided with a midventral row of spines). Sexual dimorphism in leg structure also leads to a redefinition of the Saturniidae, a family which must include, with subfamily rank (stat. rev.), the 'Oxytenidae' and 'Cercophanidae' of modern authors. A pair of distal, tooth-like structures on the fourth tarsomere of the female fore leg can thus be ascribed to the ground plan of the Saturniidae, along with a few other convincing autapomorphies. On the other hand, the 'Apatelodidae' are only tentatively placed in the 'Bombycidae sensu lato', a group provisionally resurrected insofar as the Apatelodidae sensu auct. prove to be diphyletic. As a matter of fact, the 'apatelodid' subfamily Epiinae is synonymized with the Bombycinae (syn. n.) in consideration of a rather large number of synapomorphies. When more extensively studied, the morphology of the eighth sternum of the male abdomen might lead to a slightly different, more restricted, concept of the Bombycidae (Le. excluding 'true' Apatelodidae). Often regarded as incertae sedis, the African genera Sabalia Walker and Spiramiopsis Hampson are definitely assigned to the Lemoniidae and Brahmaeidae respectively. Autapomorphies of these two families are recorded and discussed, as are those found to characterize the Sphingidae. Three subfamilies are tentatively recognized within the latter (Smerinthinae stat. rev., Sphinginae, Macroglossinae), five within the Eupterotidae (Hibrildinae, Tissanginae, Janinae, Panacelinae, Eupterotinae), and four within the Bombycidae s.lat. (Apatelodinae, Phiditiinae subfam. n., Prismostictinae [= Oberthueriinae, syn. rev.], Bombycinae). Three of these subfamilies are considered in a new sense, viz. the Panacelinae, Apatelodinae, and Bombycinae. Although the phylogeny of the Saturniidae is not fully taken into account in the present study, the composition of three saturniid subfamilies is critically examined (Oxyteninae, Cercophaninae, Ludiinae), and the Oxyteninae are viewed as the most 'primitive' member of the family.


1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-618
Author(s):  
Edward Gregg

John and Sarah Churchill, first duke and duchess of Marlborough, carefully destroyed most of the correspondence they received during the two years of their self-imposed continental exile. Historians, forced to rely mainly upon the Hanoverian and Jacobite papers published by Macpherson in 1775, have reached radically different conclusions on the central question of Marlborough's loyalty to the Hanoverian succession between 1712 and 1714. Klopp, Trevelyan, and J. H. and Margaret Sherman maintained that Marlborough was ‘the greatest of all trimmers’.2 On the other hand, Sir Winston Churchill, emphasizing ‘the frauds and injuries which Marlborough perpetrated upon the House of Stuart’, contended that the exiled general ‘never swerved from his fidelity to the Protestant Succession.’ A search of Hanoverian, French, and British archives has yielded new material which illuminates Marlborough's political activities during his exile.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-368
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI

Most species of Scydmaenus Latreille described by Herbert Franz are impossible to identify without re-examination of the type material. The Chinese fauna is no exception and it is easy to find specimens whose aedeagi resemble those illustrated by Franz, but the only way to identify them is to directly compare new material with types. On the other hand, the aedeagi of type specimens often look slightly or even strongly different from those illustrated in original descriptions, which increases the confusion. Six species of Scydmaenus described by Franz and occurring in continental China are here redescribed, and the aedeagi of holotypes are illustrated in detail: S. chinensis, S. fukiensis, S. kunmingensis, S. sinensis, S. szechuanensis, and S. kiautunensis. The first five species are confirmed to belong in the nominotypical subgenus; S. kiautunensis is transferred from Scydmaenus (s. str.) to the subgenus Nepaloscydmaenus Franz. As previous checklists of Palaearctic or Eastern Asian Scydmaeninae contain incomplete data, an updated and annotated checklist of Scydmaenus species so far recorded from the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong is given, with comments on possible misidentifications, possible synonymies and distributional issues. 


Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kampouridis ◽  
Socrates J. Roussiakis ◽  
Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis ◽  
Nikolaos Kargopoulos ◽  
Georgia Svorligkou ◽  
...  

AbstractThe first detailed description of Ancylotherium pentelicum (Gaudry and Lartet, 1856) from the late Miocene (Turolian) of Kerassia (Greece) is provided based on three metapodial elements. Potential intraspecific variability of this species in the Eastern Mediterranean has been previously discussed, but no decisive conclusions could be drawn. The present comparison of metapodial elements of A. pentelicum from Kerassia, Pikermi, Samos (Greece), Pinaryaka, Salihpaşalar (Turkey), Kiro Kuchuk (North Macedonia), and Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria) provides evidence for the existence of notable intraspecific variation in both the morphology and especially the size of the species. The morphological differences in the shape and occurrence of some metapodial articular facets are probably associated with the anticipated individual variability and not with sexual dimorphism. On the other hand, the notable metrical variability observed among metapodials of A. pentelicum may be indicative of sexual dimorphism, as has been previously documented in other chalicotheriids.


1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-236
Author(s):  
Daniela Piattelli

Historians have often directed their attention towards Judaea when delving into the legal organization of the Roman provinces and in particular into the policy which Rome adopted towards them.The works of Flavius Josephus, the only ones which have come to us from amongst the many other contemporary works of varying political outlook, were for a long time the historians' chief source.Jurists, on the other hand, have not really exploited this source despite its great importance. Indeed, for many of them the numerous doubts raised as to the authenticity of the official documentation present a serious obstacle, although it is this very characteristic that could be of the greatest help in making an historical reconstruction which would also be valid at the legal level.Now however, the recent discoveries in the Dead Sea have brought to light new material of undoubted authenticity. This material sheds light on what was one of the most troubled Roman provinces for both the historian and the jurists.


Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Tiiu Jaago ◽  
◽  
Mare Kõiva ◽  
◽  

Folklorist Elmar Daniel Päss (1901–1970) was one of the first researchers who was educated in folklore at the University of Tartu: the Chair of Folklore started work in the autumn of 1919, and Elmar Päss entered university in the autumn of 1922. Already as a student, he attracted the attention of folklore professor Walter Anderson with his study about drinking in Estonian proverbs and folk songs, submitted for a students’ competition in 1924. There was no unified folklore archive in Tartu at the time (it was established in 1927). The study by Päss testified to his diligence (he examined collections of Estonian folklore both in Tartu and in Helsinki) as well as his ability to systematise and analyse voluminous material. He elaborated this study and defended it as his master’s degree in 1926. After a year in military service, he started work as a folklore assistant at the University of Tartu. In 1933 he became a scientific grantee, to work on a dissertation about Estonian and Ingrian Martinmas songs. Although the first version of the manuscript was completed in 1935, he did not defend the thesis. On the one hand, new material on Martinmas customs was constantly piling up, on the other hand, the defence seemed to be postponed due to economic difficulties. The establishment of the Soviet rule in 1940 and the following war further distanced Päss from research work. In 1947 the Institute of Estonian Language and Literature was founded at the Academy of Sciences, and for three years he worked there as a folklore researcher. However, his main occupation was a schoolteacher. So his most fertile scientific career remained in the 1920s–1930s. Three different intertwining directions can be distinguished in Päss’ scientific work: a comparative study of songs, customs related to calendar, wedding, and work, and the lore of border regions. Against the more general background of folkloristics, Päss’ research approaches are up to date: on the one hand, comparative and international research prevailing in the first decades of the century, on the other hand, considering the syncretic and functionalist viewpoint of lore that emerged in the late 1920s and in the 1930s. His studies of the customs and songs of Shrovetide and Martinmas could be part of classical Estonian folkloristics.


1961 ◽  
Vol S7-III (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Gerard Thomel

Abstract The lower Cretaceous of the vicinity of Nice in southeastern France is very thin, and has many stratigraphic breaks in the Valanginian and Aptian stages. Ammonites of the Hauterivian, Barremian, and Albian stages, on the other hand, are diversified and well represented. A new species of ammonite, Lyticoceras corroyi n. sp., was found in the Hauterivian of Rayet, near Falicon, Maritime Alps.


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