scholarly journals New Natural Coagulant Aid in Water Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Jenny Siew Lee Chew ◽  
Agnes Yin Yee Ho ◽  
Boon Chin Lim ◽  
Wai Loon Chan ◽  
Yeek Chia Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Material ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Flocculation Process

Natural source of coagulant is certainly being considered in addressing the disadvantages associated with the use of inorganic coagulants. Annona muricata is hypothesized to be new material as natural coagulant aid in coagulation-flocculation process. On the other hand, due to the high lipids content in microalgae, namely, Chlorella vulgaris is used in producing renewable energy, i.e. biodiesel. Coagulation-flocculation is an effective method in microalgae harvesting. Thus, in this study, a novel natural coagulant aid extracted from fruit waste in algae harvesting. It is aimed to (1) to extract natural coagulant aid (hereafter is known as biopolymer) extracted from Annona muricata seeds in algae harvesting, and (2) to evaluate the operational conditions of coagulation-flocculation process by utilizing the biopolymer. As a result, it is observed that acid extraction and extraction through sodium chloride does not show any yield. On the other hand, the harvesting efficiency showed positive response as coagulant aid at 20 mg/L.

Morphotypes, polymorphism and peristome in the species of the genus Holcophylloceras Spath, 1927. Hypothesis of the dimorphism in the species Holcophylloceras zignodianum (d’Orbigny, 1848)

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Joly ◽  
Bruno Fonters
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Material ◽  
Small Growth ◽  
Initial Object

Abstract The genus Holcophylloceras Spath, 1927, including especially a majority of Jurassic species and some rare lower Cretaceous species, is easy to distinguish from other genera with constrictions such as Calliphylloceras Spath, 1927 or Sowerbyceras Parona & Bonarelli, 1895. In the genus Holcophylloceras the constrictions are clearly sigmoid or falcoid. Both characteristics can be observed on the same specimen. In the genus Calliphylloceras the constrictions are falcoid while they are sigmoid on Sowerbyceras. Actually these genera are closely allied and they represent evolutionary stages in a lineage characterized by more or less growth alteration. The lineage origin probably exists among Liassic Phylloceras. The genus Calliphylloceras shows a small growth alteration, while it is maximal in Sowerbyceras and it is intermediate in Holcophylloceras. This note shows that species of the genus Holcophylloceras are also characterized by three morphotypes: prae-caucasica, caucasica and nausikaae; these morphotypes do not characterize any particular species. The first and the second morphotypes could be an adaptation to live in deep waters. They probably give more solidity to the shell. The initial object of this note was to study again all the morphotypes of the genus Holcophylloceras with a new material collected in the oxfordian “Terres noires”. The authors of this note have studied the relations between the morphotypes prae-caucasica, caucasica and the peristome of Holcophylloceras. Does the peristome study permit to envisage the existence of dimorphic couples? (sexual dimorphism?). The result has been disappointing. On the other hand many microconchs and macroconchs have been identified. In particular with zignodianum-mediterraneum it is possible to identify the “male form” (zignodianum = microconch) and the “female form” (mediterraneum = macroconch) which confirms the intuition of Beznosov [1958] by an other approach to the problem. Many authors asked them if they had to separate the forms with sigmoid constrictions from those with falcoid constrictions. It seems now, there is no doubt and both species zignodianum-mediterraneum have to be joined in the same taxon zignodianum which has priority over mediterraneum. Last result of this study is the justification of the genus Holcophylloceras created by Spath.

I. Marlborough in Exile, 1712–1714

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-618
Author(s):  
Edward Gregg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Material

John and Sarah Churchill, first duke and duchess of Marlborough, carefully destroyed most of the correspondence they received during the two years of their self-imposed continental exile. Historians, forced to rely mainly upon the Hanoverian and Jacobite papers published by Macpherson in 1775, have reached radically different conclusions on the central question of Marlborough's loyalty to the Hanoverian succession between 1712 and 1714. Klopp, Trevelyan, and J. H. and Margaret Sherman maintained that Marlborough was ‘the greatest of all trimmers’.2 On the other hand, Sir Winston Churchill, emphasizing ‘the frauds and injuries which Marlborough perpetrated upon the House of Stuart’, contended that the exiled general ‘never swerved from his fidelity to the Protestant Succession.’ A search of Hanoverian, French, and British archives has yielded new material which illuminates Marlborough's political activities during his exile.

Review of Scydmaenus species of continental China described by Herbert Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-368
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Material ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Material ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Most species of Scydmaenus Latreille described by Herbert Franz are impossible to identify without re-examination of the type material. The Chinese fauna is no exception and it is easy to find specimens whose aedeagi resemble those illustrated by Franz, but the only way to identify them is to directly compare new material with types. On the other hand, the aedeagi of type specimens often look slightly or even strongly different from those illustrated in original descriptions, which increases the confusion. Six species of Scydmaenus described by Franz and occurring in continental China are here redescribed, and the aedeagi of holotypes are illustrated in detail: S. chinensis, S. fukiensis, S. kunmingensis, S. sinensis, S. szechuanensis, and S. kiautunensis. The first five species are confirmed to belong in the nominotypical subgenus; S. kiautunensis is transferred from Scydmaenus (s. str.) to the subgenus Nepaloscydmaenus Franz. As previous checklists of Palaearctic or Eastern Asian Scydmaeninae contain incomplete data, an updated and annotated checklist of Scydmaenus species so far recorded from the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong is given, with comments on possible misidentifications, possible synonymies and distributional issues. 

scholarly journals Effects of using Tamarindus indica Seeds as a natural coagulant aid in landfill leachate treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Uncontrolled Landfill ◽  
Flocculation Process

Uncontrolled landfill leachate generation portends danger to the environment and aquatic ecosystem, especially without prior treatment before discharge. The application of Al-based coagulants, such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl), has the potential of introducing Al residuals into water bodies. Therefore, an alternative natural coagulant was recommended to reduce the usage of Al-based coagulants. In this study, a coagulation–flocculation process using the combination of PACl as coagulant and Tamarindus indica seed (TiS) as coagulant aid was used in treating the landfill leachate from the Alor Pongsu Landfill Site in Malaysia. Some of the optimum operational conditions determined were the pH and dosage of the coagulant aid, and their effect was considered on parameters, such as suspended solids (SS), color, and COD, using standard jar test procedures. The combination of TiS flocculant reduced the dosage of PACl coagulant from 5,000 mg/L to 2,750 mg/L with removal efficiencies of 99.3%, 97.3%, and 67.4% for SS, color, and COD, respectively.

An Enquiry into the Political Relations Between Rome and Judaea from 161 to 4 B.C.E.

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-236
Author(s):  
Daniela Piattelli
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Many

Historians have often directed their attention towards Judaea when delving into the legal organization of the Roman provinces and in particular into the policy which Rome adopted towards them.The works of Flavius Josephus, the only ones which have come to us from amongst the many other contemporary works of varying political outlook, were for a long time the historians' chief source.Jurists, on the other hand, have not really exploited this source despite its great importance. Indeed, for many of them the numerous doubts raised as to the authenticity of the official documentation present a serious obstacle, although it is this very characteristic that could be of the greatest help in making an historical reconstruction which would also be valid at the legal level.Now however, the recent discoveries in the Dead Sea have brought to light new material of undoubted authenticity. This material sheds light on what was one of the most troubled Roman provinces for both the historian and the jurists.

scholarly journals Üks jälg Eesti folkloristikas. Elmar Daniel Päss 120

Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Tiiu Jaago ◽  
◽  
Mare Kõiva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Material ◽  
The One ◽  
Estonian Language ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Folklorist Elmar Daniel Päss (1901–1970) was one of the first researchers who was educated in folklore at the University of Tartu: the Chair of Folklore started work in the autumn of 1919, and Elmar Päss entered university in the autumn of 1922. Already as a student, he attracted the attention of folklore professor Walter Anderson with his study about drinking in Estonian proverbs and folk songs, submitted for a students’ competition in 1924. There was no unified folklore archive in Tartu at the time (it was established in 1927). The study by Päss testified to his diligence (he examined collections of Estonian folklore both in Tartu and in Helsinki) as well as his ability to systematise and analyse voluminous material. He elaborated this study and defended it as his master’s degree in 1926. After a year in military service, he started work as a folklore assistant at the University of Tartu. In 1933 he became a scientific grantee, to work on a dissertation about Estonian and Ingrian Martinmas songs. Although the first version of the manuscript was completed in 1935, he did not defend the thesis. On the one hand, new material on Martinmas customs was constantly piling up, on the other hand, the defence seemed to be postponed due to economic difficulties. The establishment of the Soviet rule in 1940 and the following war further distanced Päss from research work. In 1947 the Institute of Estonian Language and Literature was founded at the Academy of Sciences, and for three years he worked there as a folklore researcher. However, his main occupation was a schoolteacher. So his most fertile scientific career remained in the 1920s–1930s. Three different intertwining directions can be distinguished in Päss’ scientific work: a comparative study of songs, customs related to calendar, wedding, and work, and the lore of border regions. Against the more general background of folkloristics, Päss’ research approaches are up to date: on the one hand, comparative and international research prevailing in the first decades of the century, on the other hand, considering the syncretic and functionalist viewpoint of lore that emerged in the late 1920s and in the 1930s. His studies of the customs and songs of Shrovetide and Martinmas could be part of classical Estonian folkloristics.

Quintilian on Painting and Statuary

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Material ◽  
Greek Source

The clear affinity between Quintilian's art-criticism (xii. 10. 3–9) and the comparable portions of Pliny's Natural History has often been remarked. Pliny's principal sources for his chapters on art have long been recognized as going back through Varro to the great third-century critics, Xenocrates of Sicyon and Antigonus of Carystus, the latter of whom worked over Xenocrates' treatise and incorporated new material of his own; an earlier Greek source was Duris of Samos, on whom Antigonus drew for the anecdotic element in his tradition. The careful work of many patient scholars has been successful in disentangling to a considerable extent the characteristic contributions of these and other authorities to Pliny's medley of information. On the other hand, Quintilian's incursion into the same field seems never to have been studied independently, but only incidentally to research on the Plinian sources. The purpose of this paper is to examine Quintilian's contribution afresh; my indebtedness to earlier studies, in particular to those of Robert, will be readily apparent.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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