scholarly journals Do child care subsidies increase the labour force participation of women in Australia?

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Andrews ◽  
Bhim Prasad Neopanay ◽  
Kumara Yaddehige ◽  
Jaye Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Child Care Subsidies ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government

We hypothesise that child care subsidies increase the labour force participation of women within Australia. Our alternative hypothesis is that child care subsidies do not increase the labour force participation of women in Australia. This research pulls data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Organisation for Economic Co-operations, Development and the Productivity Commission and Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). Based on the regression analysis performed, we found that there was a notable positive relationship between the labour force participation rates of Australian females and child care subsidies by the Australian government. Nevertheless, it’s relevant to highlight that our data could be impacted by other considerations such as taxation changes coming out of the government and the apparent positive relationship between female employment and education over time.

Adam's Garden or Eve's?

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Ayesha Afzal ◽  
Aiman Asif
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Female Empowerment ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Capacity ◽  
Over Time

Corruption, or the misuse of public office, has become a major concern for governments in recent years. The purpose of this study is to identify how women, in an economic capacity, influence perception of corruption in a country, and how the relationship changes over time. Female empowerment movements have grown in the past decades, resulting in increased labour force participation of women. This chapter considers 167 countries from 1995 to 2018 to study the relationship. The results suggest that working women in an economy have a significant impact on reducing the perceived level of corruption, from 2007 to 2018, whereas this effect is not as strong in the earlier decade. These findings have implications for policies surrounding female employment. It is suggested that encouraging women to get higher education and become professionals can help curb the levels of corruption, especially in developing countries where corruption is widely prevalent.

scholarly journals Inequality and female labour force participation in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Chimere Okechukwu Iheonu ◽  
Ozoemena Nwodo ◽  
Uchechi Anaduaka ◽  
Ugochinyere Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of income inequality on female labour force participation in West Africa for the period 2004 to 2016. The study employed the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio as measures of income inequality. For robustness, the study also utilises female employment and female unemployment as measures of female labour force participation. The study employed the instrumental variable fixed effects model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors to account for simultaneity/reverse causality, serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results reveal that the three measures of income inequality significantly reduce the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa. The study also revealed that domestic credit, remittances and female education are positively associated with female labour force participation in the sub-region. Further findings reveal that economic development reduces the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa with the U-shaped feminisation theory not valid for the West African region. The study, however, revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between inequality and female unemployment. Policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed.

Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L McLaren ◽  
M Zarrabi ◽  
DJ Dutton ◽  
MC Auld ◽  
JCH Emery
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Daycare Centre ◽  
Relative Care ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Using Data

Introduction Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. Results Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.

scholarly journals The Effects of Human Capital by Gender on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahidan Shaari ◽  
Razinda Tasnim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nor Hidayah Harun ◽  
Faiz Masnan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Male Labour

The issue of human capital by gender has been sparsely discussed in previous literature especially male labour force. The contribution of both genders to economic growth has intensified every year. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of human capital by gender on economic growth in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show that higher male labour force participation rates can boost economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Higher female labour force participation rates, on the other hand, can reduce economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should encourage more male labour to participate in the labour market by giving incentives. More job opportunities should be created for both genders.

scholarly journals VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: ACCESS AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

India’s north-east region, comprising of eight States is one of the less industrialised and economically backward areas of the country. Lack of skilled manpower has been identified as one of the major reasons for the underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Recently, the government of India has embarked on an ambitious target of improving the skill base of the country through expansion of the vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this context, the paper examines the access to VET among the working-age population and the impact on employment and earnings using the Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18. The paper argues that despite the recent initiatives on massive skilling of the country's youth a very little section of NE has accessed formal VET. Moreover, although it has some impact on raising labour force participation, there is no evidence that formal VET courses are effective enough to increase earnings, bridge the gender gap in wages, or the improving work conditions of the VET holders.

A Family of Hypothesis Tests for a Collection of Short Event Series with an Application to Female Employment Participation

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Davies ◽  
R Crouchley ◽  
A R Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Event Series ◽  
Employment Participation ◽  
Short Event

Data comprising a collection of short event series are increasingly encountered in social science research. Such series may be expected to be heterogeneous and nonstationary precluding conventional inferential methods. Tests are presented for homogeneity, nonstationarity, and zero order, with appropriate controls. The test procedures are based upon the subdivision of each series into a ‘conditioning sequence’ and an ‘experimental observation’. The tests are applied to data on labour force participation by married women.

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