An Overview of Surmont SAGD ESP Gas Handling Project to Mitigate Production Effects of NCG Co-Injection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Nespor ◽  
Roger Walters ◽  
Curtis Goulet ◽  
Bryan Coates ◽  
Daine Studer
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gas Separator ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Production Effects

Abstract NCG (Non-Condensable Gas) co-injection with steam has been in operation at Surmont SAGD field since 2017. After a significant number of operational attempts to mitigate ESP no flow events (deadheading) suspected to be instigated by increased production of gas (typical SAGD GOR 5-10 m3/m3) a strategy was developed to focus on completion adjustments to the ESP on candidate SAGD producers. These changes were completed in late 2019 to help reduce the loss of production, which could impact viability of NCG co-injection at Surmont. Three separate completion adjustments were made: an inverted shroud installation, a larger OD pump with a gas separator, and lowering of an ESP to the lowest possible TVD. A comparison of the production and operational performance before and after each completion adjustment was completed. In-depth design reviews between CPC and the equipment vendor were done to ensure maximum chance of positive benefit. The inverted shroud installation was expected to improve gas separation efficiency, leading to a reduction in the frequency of No Flow Events (NFEs), which were impacting production rates. The shrouded ESP performance on the first candidate well showed no NFEs with a significant increase in production rates compared to the baseline before the completion adjustment. The larger OD pump with gas separator install was also expected to reduce or completely prevent NFEs. the results were also positive, with an increase in production and no further NFEs recorded. Lowering of a third ESP to a point as close as possible to the liner hanger did not achieve any long-term change in production performance. With the success of the inverted shroud, a second installation was completed on the third well where the ESP was being lowered. A production increase and prevention of NFEs were documented like the first shroud installation, confirming the benefit of the shrouded ESP design. The completion changes confirmed that suitable adjustments to mitigate the effects of NCG injection are possible, with further development on design required to optimize for production capacity and long-term performance. With the results seen so far, further installations will be completed in the future on appropriate candidates to continue to mitigate the effect on ESPs of produced NCG volumes.

Artificial Lift Optimization for Shallow Carbonate Magwa and Ostracod Formations with Massive Propped Fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser AlAskari ◽  
Muhamad Zaki ◽  
Ahmed AlJanahi ◽  
Hamed AlGhadhban ◽  
Eyad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Performance ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Reservoir Potential ◽  
Gas Lift

Abstract Objectives/Scope: The Magwa and Ostracod formations are tight and highly fractured carbonate reservoirs. At shallow depth (1600-1800 ft) and low stresses, wide, long and conductive propped fracture has proven to be the most effective stimulation technique for production enhancement. However, optimizing flow of the medium viscosity oil (17-27 API gravity) was a challenge both at initial phase (fracture fluid recovery and proppant flowback risks) and long-term (depletion, increasing water cut, emulsion tendency). Methods, Procedures, Process: Historically, due to shallow depth, low reservoir pressure and low GOR, the optimum artificial lift method for the wells completed in the Magwa and Ostracod reservoirs was always sucker-rod pumps (SRP) with more than 300 wells completed to date. In 2019 a pilot re-development project was initiated to unlock reservoir potential and enhance productivity by introducing a massive high-volume propped fracturing stimulation that increased production rates by several folds. Consequently, initial production rates and drawdown had to be modelled to ensure proppant pack stability. Long-term artificial lift (AL) design was optimized using developed workflow based on reservoir modelling, available post-fracturing well testing data and production history match. Results, Observations, Conclusions: Initial production results, in 16 vertical and slanted wells, were encouraging with an average 90 days production 4 to 8 times higher than of existing wells. However, the initial high gas volume and pressure is not favourable for SRP. In order to manage this, flexible AL approach was taken. Gas lift was preferred in the beginning and once the production falls below pre-defined PI and GOR, a conversion to SRP was done. Gas lift proved advantageous in handling solids such as residual proppant and in making sure that the well is free of solids before installing the pump. Continuous gas lift regime adjustments were taken to maximize drawdown. Periodical FBHP surveys were performed to calibrate the single well model for nodal analysis. However, there limitations were present in terms of maximizing the drawdown on one side and the high potential of forming GL induced emulsion on the other side. Horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing are common field development method for such tight formations. However, in geological conditions of shallow and low temperature environment it represented a significant challenge to achieve fast and sufficient fracture fluid recovery by volume from multiple fractures without deteriorating the proppant pack stability. This paper outlines local solutions and a tailored workflow that were taken to optimize the production performance and give the brown field a second chance. Novel/Additive Information: Overcoming the different production challenges through AL is one of the keys to unlock the reservoir potential for full field re-development. The Magwa and Ostracod formations are unique for stimulation applications for shallow depth and range of reservoirs and fracture related uncertainties. An agile and flexible approach to AL allowed achieving the full technical potential of the wells and converted the project to a field development phase. The lessons learnt and resulting workflow demonstrate significant value in growing AL projects in tight and shallow formations globally.

scholarly journals The Roles of Foreign Ownership and Growth Opportunity amid the Trade War: Evidence from an Emerging Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
鬼谷 子
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

In recent years investors tend to divert their investment to emerging economies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), especially during the U.S.-China trade war. The present study adopts the Weighted Least Square (WLS) and PROCESS macro tool to examine the effects of foreign ownership and growth opportunity on financial performance of Vietnamese listed firms over the period 2011-2018. Our findings show that foreign ownership plays as moderator variable in the relationship between short-term and long-term performance of firms. Empirical results also reveal that mediating effects of growth opportunity on short-term and long-term performance are different before and after the trade war. These findings have important implications for investors and managers in the ASEAN countries.

Stone Consolidation by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis: Evaluation of in situ Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro ◽  
Fadwa Jroundi ◽  
Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract Precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals by bacteria, the so-called bacterial carbonatogenesis, is a promising method for the consolidation of decayed stone. Despite extensive laboratory testing that has demonstrated the efficacy of this method, little is, however, known regarding the medium- and/or long-term performance of this bacterial conservation treatment once applied in situ, on stone buildings. Here, we report on the evaluation of the performance of bacterial consolidation treatments applied in three different historical buildings placed in an urban environment and built using a highly porous, easily decayed calcarenite stone. Peeling tape tests show a significant long-lasting (up to four years) strength improvement following treatment with either a Myxococcus xanthus bacterial culture or a sterile nutritional solution that selectively activates the carbonatogenic bacteria inhabiting the stone. Total color changes, measured before and after treatment using a spectrophotometer, are systematically below the acceptable value of ΔE ≤ 5. Culture-dependent analysis of the microbiota shows that 100% of the culturable bacteria collected before and after treatment is carbonatogenic, and the total count of fungi spores remains constant or diminishes, while the population of acid-producing bacteria decreases over time after treatment application. Culture-independent microbial analyses show that no deleterious microbiota develops after treatment, being carbonate-producing Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria the most abundant phyla both before and after treatment. Overall these results show that the in situ application of the bacterial consolidation method shows no detrimental side effects and is highly effective in the medium- and long-term.

HCC Risk Scores: Useful or Not?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

AbstractThe advent and efficacy of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has necessitated the refinement of assessing who is at risk for this cancer. Initially, risk was assessed for all individuals with hepatitis B and all those with cirrhosis. However, the majority of these individuals do not develop HCC so that providing surveillance for all is a waste of resources. There are now many different scores that have been developed that allow better identification of who is at risk and who is not. Specific models have been developed for hepatitis B before and on treatment, for hepatitis C before and after treatment, and for cirrhosis in general. There are also models for assessing risk in the general population. Some models can only be applied to patients coming from the population in which the score was developed (e.g., hepatitis B). Others are more generalizable. Many lack external validation. With some exceptions, the models do not attempt to assess the score at which surveillance should start. Overall, the models provide some useful guidance as to who does not need to undergo surveillance, but the long-term performance and how changes in risk score correlate with changes in HCC risk has not been completely assessed.

scholarly journals Earnings Quality and Ownership Structure: The Role of Private Equity Sponsors

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon P. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

ABSTRACT: This study explores how firms' ownership structures affect their earnings quality and long-term performance. Focusing on a unique sample of private firms for which there is financial data available in the years before and after their initial public offering (IPO), I differentiate between those that have private equity sponsorship (PE-backed firms) and those that do not (non-PE-backed firms). The findings indicate that PE-backed firms generally have higher earnings quality than those that do not have PE sponsorship, engage less in earnings management, and report more conservatively both before and after the IPO. Further, PE-backed firms that are majority-owned by PE sponsors exhibit superior long-term stock price performance after they go public. These results stem from the professional ownership, tighter monitoring, and reputational considerations exhibited by PE sponsors.

scholarly journals The Roles of Foreign Ownership and Growth Opportunity amid the Trade War: Evidence from an Emerging Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

In recent years investors tend to divert their investment to emerging economies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), especially during the U.S.-China trade war. The present study adopts the Weighted Least Square (WLS) and PROCESS macro tool to examine the effects of foreign ownership and growth opportunity on financial performance of Vietnamese listed firms over the period 2011-2018. Our findings show that foreign ownership plays as moderator variable in the relationship between short-term and long-term performance of firms. Empirical results also reveal that mediating effects of growth opportunity on short-term and long-term performance are different before and after the trade war. These findings have important implications for investors and managers in the ASEAN countries.

Glass Waste Form Performance for Disposal of the Cesium and Strontium Concentrate Resulting From the Partitioning of HLW

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Aloy ◽  
O.A. Iskhakova ◽  
T.I. Kol‘tsova ◽  
A.V. Trofimenko
Keyword(s):  
Waste Form ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTThe recent advances in HLW partitioning indicate that cesium–137 and strontium–90 can be separated in the form of a pure concentrate. Based on this concentrate the glass RT2–1 containing 4.7 wt.% Cs2O and 2.7 wt.% SrO was selected for more intensive and wider studies to predict long-term performance of this waste form under repository conditions.Leach tests were made in distilled and mineralized water before and after crystallization at 20, 90 and 130°C.Fully devitrified glass contained only one crystalline phase corresponding to the pollucite structure.

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

Fine Particle Mass Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Corrections and Long-Term Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Malings ◽  
Rebecca Tanzer ◽  
Aliaksei Hauryliuk ◽  
Provat K. Saha ◽  
Allen L. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance
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