scholarly journals Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yi Kyaw ◽  
Aye Aye Lwin ◽  
Khin Saw Aye ◽  
Hlaing Myat Thu ◽  
Moh Moh Htun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yi Kyaw ◽  
Aye Aye Lwin ◽  
Khin Saw Aye ◽  
Hlaing Myat Thu ◽  
Moh Moh Htun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yi Kyaw ◽  
Aye Aye Lwin ◽  
Khin Saw Aye ◽  
Hlaing Myat Thu ◽  
Moh Moh Htun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yi Kyaw ◽  
Aye Aye Lwin ◽  
Khin Saw Aye ◽  
Hlaing Myat Thu ◽  
Moh Moh Htun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yi Kyaw ◽  
Aye Aye Lwin ◽  
Khin Saw Aye ◽  
Hlaing Myat Thu ◽  
Moh Moh Htun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.

scholarly journals High Hepatitis B Seroprevalence, Low Knowledge, and Poor Attitude towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Market Women in Bolgatanga Metropolis in the Upper East Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gideon K. Helegbe ◽  
Faiza Tanko ◽  
Paul A. Aryee ◽  
Setor Aku Lotsu ◽  
Mathias J. A. Asaarik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
East Region ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Market Women ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The Bolgatanga Municipal Health Directorate has reported liver cirrhosis among the first three diseases causing mortality from 2013 to 2015. This implicates hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection considering its high prevalence among blood donors in the Upper East Region of Ghana. However, for a vulnerable group such as market women, there is not much information with regard to the prevalence, knowledge, and attitude towards HBV infection. Thus, this study sought to bridge this gap by determining the seroprevalence, knowledge, and attitude of market women in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana, towards HBV infection. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted (from October 2017 to March 2018) among 404 market women using a pretested questionnaire to ascertain the knowledge and attitudes of market women towards HBV infection, while hepatitis B surface Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test strips were used to screen for the infection. The study revealed that the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among the market women was 15.6%, and majority of the study subjects (>60%) were unaware of HBV infection. Overall, knowledge on and attitude towards HBV infection were low and poor, respectively, with a significantly high number of the market women not wanting infected individuals to be isolated (p=0.049). A high seroprevalence, together with poor attitude and low knowledge levels, as seen in this study is of great public health concern. The study recommends regular HBV screening for market women for prompt treatment and vaccination as well as continuous health education to increase knowledge level and improve the poor attitudes of market women towards HBV infection.

scholarly journals The dominant hepatitis B virus genotype identified in Tibet is a C/D hybrid

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2773-2777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyin Cui ◽  
Jinxiu Shi ◽  
Lijian Hui ◽  
Huifeng Xi ◽  
Zhuoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Genotype C ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Positive Population

There are no reports on DNA sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains from Tibet, although this highland area has a high HBsAg-positive population. We characterized HBV isolates from sera of 26 HBsAg-positive Tibetans. To determine the HBV genotypes and their phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced two genomic regions, one including the pre-S1/pre-S2/S region and the other including the pre-C/C region. The sequences were classified into two different genotypes based on different regions of the genome, except for one isolate. To clarify this finding, two complete HBV genomes that represented the two groups of isolates were sequenced. From the sequencing results, we concluded that HBV strains in Tibet may be classified as genotype C, and there are at least two subgroups. The dominant subgroup is a C/D hybrid with serotype ayw2, and the other is genotype C with serotype adw. This is the first report of complete nucleotide sequences of HBV from Tibet. These results contribute to the investigation of recombinant HBV strains throughout the world and should encourage further study of genotypes and recombination in HBV from this particular region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with liver disease in Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elfatih Hamida ◽  
Saud Mohammed Raja ◽  
Yodahi Petros ◽  
Munir Wahab ◽  
Yemane Seyoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Intermediate Endemicity

AbstractEritrea is an East African multiethnic country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. Our aim was to establish the most prevalent genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients with liver disease. A total of 293 Eritrean patients with liver disease who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled. All sera were tested for liver transaminases, HBV DNA viral load, and hepatitis B seromarkers including HBsAg, anti-HBcAb (total), HBeAg, and anti-HBeAb. Those reactive for HBsAg and anti-HBc (total) were further tested for HBV genotyping. The median (interquartile range) of HBV DNA viral load and ALT levels were 3.47 (1.66) log IU/mL and 28 (15.3) IU/L, respectively. Using type-specific primer-based genotyping method, 122/293 (41.6%) could be genotyped. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, HBV genotype D (21.3%) was the predominant circulating genotype, followed by genotypes C (17.2%), E (15.6%), C/D (13.1%), and C/E (10.7%). Genotypes C/D/E (7.4%), A/D (4.9%), D/E (4.1%), A (2.5%), and B, A/E, B/E, and A/D/C (0.8%) were also present. HBV in Eritrea is comprised of a mixture of HBV genotypes. This is the first study of HBV genotyping among patients with liver disease in Eritrea.

scholarly journals Sero-Epidemiological Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Apparently Healthy Young Adults in Omuaran-Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
James A. Ndako ◽  
Stephen Ojo ◽  
Victor T. Dojumo ◽  
Victor O. Fajobi ◽  
Ilochi Ifeanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is an important public health concern all over the globe. As a result of its asymptomatic nature, its prevalence among apparently healthy individuals becomes relevant for studies. Hence the prevalence survey of hepatitis B virus was conducted among apparently healthy young individuals. A total of two hundred samples were screened from volunteer subjects for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg), using the one step immune-chromatographic test strip manufactured by Dia Spot® Diagnostics. Questionnaires were administered to obtain relevant information and demographic data. Overall result showed that 11 (5.5%) of the subjects tested were found to be positive. The highest prevalence was found among subjects aged 22-26 years with 7.8% prevalence compared to those aged 12-21 years with 4.4% prevalence (P=0.1012); (p˃0.05). Based on demographic factors, female workers tend to demonstrate high positivity of 12.5% compared to male with 10.0% prevalence, (P=0.4929); (p˃0.05). Subjects involved with risky behavioral pattern by the use of unsterilized objects recorded a high prevalence of 5.3%, (P=0.5748); (p˃0.05) among female subjects. Serum Alanine amino-tranferases result showed no significant difference among the positive subjects. The results showed some measure of prevalence among the study population. It therefore becomes pertinent that the community be enlightened on the possible risk of infection by the virus. Efforts should be made to ensure vaccination against this infectious agent is intensified.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among the Tribal Population of Attapady, Kerala,India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Jose Manjiyil ◽  
Kavitha Paul Konikkara
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
B Virus

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern that may cause acute or chronic hepatitis. Chronically infected patients are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The disease causes a problem in the tribal communities. There are lack of studies on the prevalence of HBV among the tribal population. Aim: To assess the seroprevalence of HBV infection among the tribal population of Attapady, Kerala. Materials and Methods: This was a community based cross- sectional study conducted on serum samples collected from 269 subjects among the tribal population of Attapady. Serum samples were tested for quantitative antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti HBc IgM), frequencies were obtained using proportion and 95% Confidence Interval CI. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 10.4%. HBeAg was detected in 7.1% of HBsAg positive patients. 21.2% had protective anti-HBs titer. Anti-HBe was detected in five patients. Anti-HBc total and anti-HBc IgM were positive for 26.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Anti-HBc IgM alone and isolated anti-HBc were detected in 1.5% and 5.9 %, respectively. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc total both became positive in 8.6% cases. Conclusion: HBV infection poses a huge burden on tribal health. All HBsAg positive patients should be tested further to determine the stage of the disease. There is need to explore high HBV prevalence areas with studies on associated risk factors to bring out the ongoing transmission process and focus on preventive measures. HBV vaccination, antenatal screening, and health awareness should be given priority to tackle the burden.

scholarly journals A CRISPR-Cas12b–Based Platform for Ultrasensitive, Rapid, and Highly Specific Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes B and C in Clinical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Yan Tan ◽  
Shuoshi Wang ◽  
Xueli Wu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most dangerous and prevalent agents that causes acute and chronic liver diseases in humans. Genotyping plays an important role in determining clinical outcomes and response to antiviral treatment in HBV–infected patients. Here, we first devised a CRISPR–based testing platform, termed “CRISPR-HBV,” for ultrasensitive, highly specific, and rapid detection of two major HBV genotypes (HBV-B and HBV-C) in clinical application. The CRISPR-HBV employed multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) for rapid preamplification and then Cas12b–based detection for decoding the targets. Finally, the detection result was read out with real-time fluorescence and a lateral flow biosensor. The sensitivity of CRISPR-HBV was 10 copies per test. The specificity was one hundred percent, and no cross reactions were observed in other HBV genotypes and pathogens. The whole detection process, including DNA template extraction (15 min), preamplification reaction of MCDA (30 min at 65°C), CRISPR-Cas12b–based detection (5 min at 37°C), and results readout (∼2 min), could be completed within 1 h. The feasibility of the CRISPR-HBV assay for genotyping HBV-B and -C as successfully validated with clinical samples. Hence, the CRISPR-HBV assay has remarkable potential to develop a point-of-care testing for identifying and distinguishing HBV genotypes B and C in clinical settings, especially in resource-scarcity countries.

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