scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND MALNUTRITION IN A SUB-URBAN POPULATION IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Olujide Arije ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole ◽  
Mary Obiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cross sectional study with data generated through a household setting. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in a primary study conducted in the Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were adjusted for using Poisson regression analysis. Results Of the 370 pre-school children, 20 (5.4%) were underweight, 20 (5.4%) were overweight, 67 (18.1%) were wasting, and 120 (32.4%) were stunted. Factors associated positively or negatively with ECC were stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.16), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more (APR: 2.18), having low socioeconomic status (APR: 2.4) and being female (APR: 2.9). Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC, while the frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator. Further studies are needed to identify if there are other mediators of an association between ECC and nutrition apart from sugar consumption.

scholarly journals Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Olujide Arije ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole ◽  
Mary Obiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background : To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods : This study is a secondary analysis of a larger cross-sectional data generated through a household survey. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study conducted in the Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were adjusted for in the models. We used Poisson regression analysis to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition (stunting, overweight and underweight). We reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results: Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; p=0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83-25.85; p<0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0-0; p<0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions : For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC, while the frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator. Further studies are needed to identify if there are other mediators of associations between ECC and nutrition status apart from sugar consumption.

scholarly journals Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Olujide Arije ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole ◽  
Mary Obiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background: To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a larger cross-sectional data generated through a household survey. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study conducted in the Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were adjusted for in the models. We used Poisson regression analysis to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition (stunting, overweight and underweight). We reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results: Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; p=0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83-25.85; p<0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0-0; p<0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions: For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC, while the frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator. Further studies are needed to identify if there are other mediators of associations between ECC and nutrition status apart from sugar consumption.

scholarly journals Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Olujide Arije ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Kikelomo Adebanke Kolawole ◽  
Mary Obiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of early childhood caries in a sub-urban population in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Ayodeji Babatunde Oginni ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Tracy L. Finlayson ◽  
Abiola Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cavitated Lesions ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) in children 6–71-months; identify the teeth most at risk for ECC; and identify risk indicators associated with significant caries index (SiC) score in different age groups. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that collected data (using a household survey) on the ECC risk indicators (frequency of tooth brushing, consumption of refined carbohydrate in-between-meals, daily use of fluoridated toothpaste, and dental service utilization in the 12 months) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. We computed the prevalence of ECC using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASI (d1–6)) index; caries severity using the ICDAS-2(d1–2) and ICDAS-3(d3–6) for non-cavitated and cavitated lesions respectively, decayed missing, filled teeth (dmft), and surfaces (dmfs) and SiC indices; and caries complications using the pulp (p), ulceration (u), fistula (f) and abscesses (a) (pufa) index, for children 6–11-months-old, 12–23-months-old, 23–35-months-old, 35–47-months-old; 48–59-months-old and 60–71-months-old. The differences in the mean dmft, dmfs, pufa scores, and ICDAS 1, 2, and 3 scores, and proportion of children with each ECC risk indicator were computed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk indicators for the ECC SiC index score for each age group. Results The prevalence of ECC was 4.7%: 2.9% had non-cavitated lesions and 2.8% had cavitated lesions. The mean (SD) dmft, dmfs and pufa scores were 0.13 (0.92), 0.24 (1.91) and 0.04 (0.46) respectively. The dmft and dmfs scores were highest among the 24–35-months-olds while the SiC score was highest among the 12–23-months-olds. There were no significant differences in dmft, dmfs, and pufa scores between the different age groups. Toothbrushing more than once a day was the only factor associated with the SiC score: it decreases the odds for the SiC score in children 48–59-months-old. The teeth worst affected by ECC were #85 and #61. Conclusion The prevalence, severity and risk indicator for ECC seems to differ for each age group. The granular details on the risk profile of children with ECC in this population with a low ECC prevalence and burden can allow for the planning of age-targeted interventions.

Overweight, obese, underweight, and frequency of sugar consumption as risk indicators for early childhood caries in Brazilian preschool children

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Mariana Carvalho Batista da Silva ◽  
Ana Margarida Melo Nunes ◽  
Erika Bárbara de Abreu Fonseca Thomaz ◽  
Cadidja Dayane Sousa Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Feeding practices and prevalence of early childhood caries among preschool children in urban and rural areas of Kannur district

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Aswathi Sreedharan ◽  
Faizal CP ◽  
Chandru TP
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Childhood Caries

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions among children. Lack of proper Parental knowledge regarding feeding practices will have a deleterious effect on child oral health.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of ECC and parental knowledge regarding feeding practices in young children.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 500 preschool children aged between 36-60 months, were selected from twenty schools. The children’s were examined at the respective schools to determine the presence or absence of caries by using WHO criteria .A structured questionnaire was provided to 500 parents of the respective school children examined to assess their knowledge regarding feeding practices and oral hygiene measures in preschool children for prevention of ECC</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The results of the children examined and the parent surveyed were tabulated and statistically analyzed by using chi-square test. The result showed that the prevalence rate of ECC among 500 children surveyed were about 56.3%.The knowledge regarding the feeding practices and oral hygiene measures overall was found to be 56.5%</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of ECC was relatively high among the preschool children. The feeding practices and oral hygiene measures among parents was more off supporting the promotion of ECC. More emphasis should be given regarding introduction of oral hygiene practice from the first year of child’s life and also to conduct public awareness programme to achieve optimum oral health care in children.</p>

scholarly journals Association between developmental dental anomalies, early childhood caries and oral hygiene status of 3–5-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Michael Alade ◽  
Abiola Adeniyi ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Tracy L. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background To determine the association between developmental dental anomalies (DDA), early childhood caries (ECC) and oral hygiene status of 3–5-year-old children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data for 3–5-year-olds extracted from the dataset of a household survey collected to determine the association between ECC and maternal psychosocial wellbeing in children 0–5-year-old. The outcome variables for the study were ECC and poor oral hygiene. The explanatory variable was the presence of developmental dental anomalies (supernumerary, supplemental, mesiodens, hypodontia, macrodontia, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, dens evaginatus, dens invaginatus, talons cusp, fusion/germination, hypoplasia, hypomineralized second molar, fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta). The prevalence of each anomaly was determined. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between presence of developmental dental anomalies, ECC and oral hygiene status. The model was adjusted for sex, age and socioeconomic status. Results Of the 918 children examined, 75 (8.2%) had developmental dental anomalies, 43 (4.7%) had ECC, and 38 (4.1%) had poor oral hygiene. The most prevalent developmental dental anomalies was enamel hypoplasia (3.9%). Of the 43 children with ECC, 6 (14.0%) had enamel hypoplasia and 3 (7.6%) had hypomineralized second primary molar. There was a significant association between ECC and enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001) and a borderline association between ECC and hypomineralized second primary molars (p = 0.05). The proportion of children with poor oral hygiene (PR: 2.03; 95% CI: 0.91–4.56; p = 0.09) and ECC (PR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.92–4.46; p = 0.08) who had developmental dental anomalies was twice that of children with good oral hygiene and without ECC respectively, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Enamel hypoplasia and hypomineralized second primary molars are developmental dental anomalies associated with ECC. developmental dental anomalies also increases the probability of having poor oral hygiene in the population studied.

Early childhood caries and parents’ challenges in implementing oral hygiene practices: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Baranya Shrikrishna Suprabha ◽  
Violet D’Souza ◽  
Ramya Shenoy ◽  
Yarmunja Mahabala Karuna ◽  
Anupama Panakaje Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Analysis of lymphocyte T(CD4+) cells expression on severe early childhood caries and free caries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luthfi ◽  
Priyawan Rachmadi ◽  
Aqsa Sjuhada Oki ◽  
Retno Indrawati ◽  
Agung Sosiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the many diseases found in children throughout the world. Cariogenic bacteria are a significant risk factor for ECC associated with early colonization and high levels of cariogenic microbes (Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans). Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells known as helper T cells, are effector cells for mediated host immunity. Naive T cells (CD4+) must be activated to initiate effector function. This activation occurs through interaction with professional antigen- presenting cells (pro-APC), especially dendritic cells that lead to intracellular pathways that regulate T cell receptor (TCR) more specifically against antigen in T cells. Lymphocyte cells from samples were collected from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and Free caries aged 5 to 6 years. The subjects were instructed to gargle 10 mL of sterile NaCl 1.5% solution for 30 seconds, and expectorate it into a sterile glass then analyzing T lymphocyte cell (CD4+) expression using flow cytometry. Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cell expression at SECC (6.2525±64482) while in free caries (8.4138±1.10397) with P-value (P=0. 000). Conclusion of lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells expression at S-ECC is lower than that occurring in free caries.

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