scholarly journals Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Khosravi ◽  
Raja Durga Prasad Kandukuri ◽  
Sara Palmer ◽  
Erin S Gloag ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Fluid Jets ◽  
Planar Optode ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundDental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents.MethodsTo investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device.ResultsHVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions.ConclusionWe concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.

scholarly journals Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Khosravi ◽  
Raja Durga Prasad Kandukuri ◽  
Sara Palmer ◽  
Erin Samantha Gloag ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Fluid Jets ◽  
Planar Optode ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents. Methods To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device. Results HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions. Conclusion We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.

scholarly journals Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Khosravi ◽  
Raja Durga Prasad Kandukuri ◽  
Sara Palmer ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
Michelle Starke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Fluid Jets ◽  
Planar Optode ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents. Methods To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device. Results HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions. Conclusion We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.

scholarly journals Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Khosravi ◽  
Raja Durga Prasad Kandukuri ◽  
Sara Palmer ◽  
Erin Samantha Gloag ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Fluid Jets ◽  
Planar Optode ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents. Methods To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device. Results HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions. Conclusion We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.

scholarly journals Use of an oxygen planar optode to assess the effect of high velocity microsprays on oxygen penetration in a human dental biofilms in-vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Khosravi ◽  
Rala D.P. Kandukuri ◽  
Sara R. Palmer ◽  
Erin S. Gloag ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
Planar Optode

scholarly journals Correction to: Use of an oxygen planar optode to assess the effect of high velocity microsprays on oxygen penetration in a human dental biofilms in-vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Khosravi ◽  
Rala D. P. Kandukuri ◽  
Sara R. Palmer ◽  
Erin S. Gloag ◽  
Sergey M. Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Oxygen Penetration ◽  
Planar Optode

scholarly journals Oat bran, but not its isolated bioactiveβ-glucans or polyphenols, have a bifidogenic effect in anin vitrofermentation model of the gut microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Kristek ◽  
Maria Wiese ◽  
Patrizia Heuer ◽  
Ondrej Kosik ◽  
Manuel Y. Schär ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect

AbstractWholegrain oats are known to modulate the human gut microbiota and have prebiotic properties (increase the growth of some health-promoting bacterial genera within the colon). Research to date mainly attributes these effects to the fibre content; however, oat is also a rich dietary source of polyphenols, which may contribute to the positive modulation of gut microbiota.In vitroanaerobic batch-culture experiments were performed over 24 h to evaluate the impact of two different doses (1 and 3 % (w/v)) of oat bran, matched concentrations ofβ-glucan extract or polyphenol mix, on the human faecal microbiota composition using 16S RNA gene sequencing and SCFA analysis. Supplementation with oats increased the abundance of Proteobacteria (P<0·01) at 10 h, Bacteroidetes (P<0·05) at 24 h and concentrations of acetic and propionic acid increased at 10 and 24 h compared with the NC. Fermentation of the 1 % (w/v) oat bran resulted in significant increase in SCFA production at 24 h (86 (sd27)v. 28 (sd5) mm;P<0·05) and a bifidogenic effect, increasing the relative abundance ofBifidobacteriumunassigned at 10 h andBifidobacterium adolescentis(P<0·05) at 10 and 24 h compared with NC. Considering theβ-glucan treatment induced an increase in the phylum Bacteroidetes at 24 h, it explains the Bacteriodetes effects of oats as a food matrix. The polyphenol mix induced an increase in Enterobacteriaceae family at 24 h. In conclusion, in this study, we found that oats increased bifidobacteria, acetic acid and propionic acid, and this is mediated by the synergy of all oat compounds within the complex food matrix, rather than its main bioactiveβ-glucan or polyphenols. Thus, oats as a whole food led to the greatest impact on the microbiota.

The Predominant microRNAs in β-cell Clusters for Insulin Regulation and Diabetic Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-734
Author(s):  
Adele Soltani ◽  
Arefeh Jafarian ◽  
Abdolamir Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiles ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
The Impact

micro (mi)-RNAs are vital regulators of multiple processes including insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic &#946;-cells function is dependent on some miRNAs and their target mRNA, which together form a complex regulative network. Several miRNAs are known to be directly involved in &#946;-cells functions such as insulin expression and secretion. These small RNAs may also play significant roles in the fate of &#946;-cells such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Among the miRNAs, miR-7, miR-9, miR-375, miR-130 and miR-124 are of particular interest due to being highly expressed in these cells. Under diabetic conditions, although no specific miRNA profile has been noticed, the expression of some miRNAs and their target mRNAs are altered by posttranscriptional mechanisms, exerting diverse signs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications. The aim of this review article is to discuss miRNAs involved in the process of stem cells differentiation into &#946;-cells, resulting in enhanced &#946;-cell functions with respect to diabetic disorders. This paper will also look into the impact of miRNA expression patterns on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of &#946;-cells. The efficacy of the computational genomics and biochemical analysis to link the changes in miRNA expression profiles of stem cell-derived &#946;-cells to therapeutically relevant outputs will be discussed as well.

The Impact of Antioxidants from the Diet on Breast Cancer Cells Monitored by Raman Microspectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Paula Sofia Coutinho Medeiros ◽  
Ana Lúcia Marques Batista de Carvalho ◽  
Cristina Ruano ◽  
Juan Carlos Otero ◽  
Maria Paula Matos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of the ubiquitous dietary phenolic compound p-coumaric acid on human breast cancer cells was assessed, through a multidisciplinary approach: Combined biological assays for cytotoxicity evaluation and biochemical profiling by Raman microspectroscopic analysis in cells. </P><P> Methods: Para-coumaric acid was shown to exert in vitro chemoprotective and antitumor activities, depending on the concentration and cell line probed: a significant anti-invasive ability was detected for the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, while a high pro-oxidant effect was found for the estrogen- dependent MCF-7 cells. A striking cell selectivity was obtained, with a more noticeable outcome on the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Results: The main impact on the cellular biochemical profile was verified to be on proteins and lipids, thus justifying the compound´s anti-invasive effect and chemoprotective ability. Conclusion: p-Coumaric acid was thus shown to be a promising chemoprotective/chemotherapeutic agent, particularly against the low prognosis triple-negative human breast adenocarcinoma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document