scholarly journals Growth Retardation among Children in Southern Iran: A 7-year Population Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Fatemi ◽  
Mohammad Fararouei ◽  
Hossein Moravej ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Growth retardation is a common health problem, which requires early prevention and detection. This study was conducted to define the approximate age at which stunting starts among the Iranian boys and girls.Method The second phase of a population based cohort nested case-control study on 400 children who were followed from birth to 7 years of age. This study was performed to define the pattern of growth among stunted and normal children and to reveal the age at which stunting starts in each gender.Results For boys the height was relatively similar between the two groups until the age 6 months at which the difference in height between normal and stunted children starts to become significantly large (difference= 0.70 cm, P=0.04). For girls, height in the two groups is relatively similar until the age of 9 months at which the difference starts to become significantly large (difference=0.97 cm, P=0.01). No significant difference in the weight of the girls was observed between the normal and stunted groups during the study period (difference=283.21 gr, P>0.05). However, boys from the stunted group were lighter since almost the same time that they started to become significantly shorter (difference= 1265.19 gr, P=0.001).Conclusions Soon after birth (at about 6 months of age), the growth pattern of some (stunted) children starts to stumble and divert from normal. Six month is the age at which mothers start weaning with withdrawing breast milk and start supplementary foods and adult diet. A specially designed study is needed to understand the actual reason for observing such a phenomenon among Iranian children.

scholarly journals Growth retardation among children in southern Iran: a 7-year population based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Fatemi ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab ◽  
Golnaz Sharifnia ◽  
Hossein Moravej ◽  
Mohammad Fararouei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Growth retardation is a common health problem, which requires early prevention and detection. This study was conducted to define the approximate age at which stunting starts among the Iranian boys and girls. Method The second phase of a population-based retrospective cohort nested case-control study on 400 children who were followed from birth to 7 years of age. This study was performed to define the pattern of growth among stunted and normal children and to reveal the age at which stunting starts in each gender. Results Of the selected participants, 53% were girls. Also, about 18% of the children registered by the selected health centers were defined as stunted (under the 3rd percentile of the corresponding sex-age NCHS/WHO growth reference). For boys, the height was relatively similar between the two groups until the age of 6 months at which the difference in height between normal and stunted children starts to become significantly large (difference = 0.70 cm, P = 0.04). For girls, height in the two groups is relatively similar until the age of 9 months at which the difference starts to become significantly large (difference = 0.97 cm, P = 0.01). No significant difference in the weight of the girls was observed between the normal and stunted groups during the study period (difference = 283.21 g, P > 0.05). However, boys from the stunted group were lighter since almost the same time that they started to become significantly shorter (difference = 1265.19 g, P = 0.001). Conclusions Soon after birth (at about the 6 months of age), the growth pattern of some (stunted) children starts to stumble and divert from normal. The sixth month of age is the age at which mothers start weaning with withdrawing breast milk and start supplementary foods and adult diet. A specially designed study is needed to understand the actual reason for observing such a phenomenon among Iranian children.

Nocturnal supervision and SUDEP risk at different epilepsy care settings

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (16) ◽  
pp. e1508-e1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marije van der Lende ◽  
Dale C. Hesdorffer ◽  
Josemir W. Sander ◽  
Roland D. Thijs
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Convulsive Seizures ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Additional Device ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Nocturnal Seizures

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in people with intellectual disabilities in residential care settings and to ascertain the effects of nocturnal seizures and nocturnal supervision on SUDEP risk.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study reviewing records of all people who died at 2 residential care settings over 25 years. Four controls per case were selected from the same population, matched on age (±5 years) and residential unit. Nocturnal supervision was graded in 3 categories: (1) no supervision; (2) a listening device or a roommate or physical checks at least every 15 minutes; and (3) 2 of the following: a listening device, roommate, additional device (bed motion sensor/video monitoring), or physical checks every 15 minutes. Outcome measures were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests and Fisher exact tests.ResultsWe identified 60 SUDEP cases and 198 matched controls. People who died of SUDEP were more likely to have nocturnal convulsive seizures in general (77% of cases vs 33% of controls, p < 0.001) and a higher frequency of nocturnal convulsive seizures. Total SUDEP incidence was 3.53/1,000 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.73–4.53). The incidence differed among centers: 2.21/1,000 patient-years (95% CI 1.49–3.27) vs 6.12/1,000 patient-years (95% CI 4.40–8.52). There was no significant difference in nocturnal supervision among cases and controls, but there was a difference among centers: the center with a lowest grade of supervision had the highest incidence of SUDEP.ConclusionsHaving nocturnal seizures, in particular convulsions, may increase SUDEP risk. Different levels of nocturnal supervision may account for some of the difference in incidence.

scholarly journals Childhood Obesity-Related Mechanisms: MicroRNome and Transcriptome Changes in a Nested Case-Control Study

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Jin Hee Kim ◽  
Da Hae Kim ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
Choong Ho Shin ◽  
Young Ah Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Genome Wide Expression ◽  
Control Study

Childhood obesity could contribute to adulthood obesity, leading to adverse health outcomes in adults. However, the mechanisms for how obesity is developed are still unclear. To determine the epigenome-wide and genome-wide expression changes related with childhood obesity, we compared microRNome and transcriptome levels as well as leptin protein levels in whole bloods of 12 obese and 24 normal children aged 6 years. miR-328-3p, miR-1301-3p, miR-4685-3p, and miR-6803-3p were negatively associated with all obesity indicators. The four miRNAs were also associated with 3948 mRNAs, and separate 475 mRNAs (185 among 3948 mRNAs) were associated with all obesity indicators. The 2533 mRNAs (64.2%) among the 3948 mRNAs and 286 mRNAs (60.2%) among the 475 mRNAs were confirmed as targets of the four miRNAs in public databases through miRWalk 2.0. Leptin protein was associated with miR-6803-3p negatively and all obesity indicators positively. Using DAVID bioinformatics resources 6.8, top three pathways for obesity-related gene set were metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The top three obesity-related disease classes were metabolic, cardiovascular, and chemdependency. Our results support that childhood obesity could be developed through miRNAs-related epigenetic mechanism and, further, these obesity-related epigenetic changes could control the pathways related with the development of various diseases.

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