Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological analysis of 501 consecutive hospitalized cases (2004-2018)

Abstract Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered a neglected disease with significant mortality and morbidity in most of the developing countries. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the epidemiologic and clinical features of human CE in a 15-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods: Hospital records of patients undergone surgeries for CE in two main hospitals in Fars Province, southwestern Iran in a 15-year period (2004-2018) were reviewed and data concerning the patients' demographical and clinical features were retrieved from each record. Results: A total of 501 CE surgical cases were recorded during a 15-year period, giving an average annual incidence of 33.4 cases in which 242 (48.6%) were male and 256 (52.4%) were female. Patients' age ranged from 2 to 96 years, with a mean age of 34.92 (±19.87) years. A significantly higher rate of CE cases was noted in subjects ≥ 50 years of age. The highest frequency of cases (62: 12.5%) was recorded in the year 2017. The most commonly involved organs were liver (339 cases; 57.8%), and lung (279 cases; 47.6%). Concurrent involvement of two organs was seen in 58 (9.9%) cases of both lung and liver, 10 (1.6%) cases of lung and other locations (but not liver) and 23 (3.9%) cases of liver and other locations (but not lung). Recurrence was noted in 67 (13.37%) of the cases. The size of the lung hydatid cyst varied, ranging between 2 to 24 cm (mean = 7.33, SD= 3.737). The size of liver hydatid cysts ranged from 1 to 26 cm (mean: 9.04, SD= 4.275). Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated a nearly constant prevalence of CE during the last 15 years in southern Iran. Further studies are needed to find out the reasons behind the recurrence of the disease, which is substantial, in surgically-treated patients.

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Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00238-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reza Shahriarirad ◽

Amirhossein Erfani ◽

Mehrdad Eskandarisani ◽

Mohammad Rastegarian ◽

Hajar Taghizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Southwest Iran ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis

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Epidemiology and clinical features of human cystic echinococcosis in adults from an endemic area (Morocco)

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health ◽

10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 606-611

Author(s):

Omar Amahmid ◽

Youssef El Guamri ◽

Khalid Zenjari ◽

Souad Bouhout ◽

Mohamed Ait Moh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis

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Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Lorestan province, Southwest Iran: A retrospective epidemiological study of surgical cases during a 10 years period (2005-2014)

International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research ◽

10.18869/ijabbr.2015.320 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 320-325

Author(s):

Mojtaba Ahmadinejad ◽

◽

Zia Obeidavi Obeidavi ◽

Asghar Aaliehpour ◽

Behrouz Beiranvand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Southwest Iran ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis

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The seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in a rural normal population, southwestern Iran

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526518666180213165306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Molouk Beiromvand ◽

Abdollah Rafiei ◽

Esmat Panabad

Keyword(s):

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Normal Population ◽

Southwestern Iran

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Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) COVID-19 Recovery Service

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001681 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e001681

Author(s):

Oliver O'Sullivan ◽

R Barker-Davies ◽

R Chamley ◽

E Sellon ◽

D Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Medicine ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Acute Illness ◽

Medical Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation Centre ◽

Operational Effectiveness ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Recovery Service ◽

Significant Mortality

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes significant mortality and morbidity, with an unknown impact in the medium to long term. Evidence from previous coronavirus epidemics indicates that there is likely to be a substantial burden of disease, potentially even in those with a mild acute illness. The clinical and occupational effects of COVID-19 are likely to impact on the operational effectiveness of the Armed Forces. Collaboration between Defence Primary Healthcare, Defence Secondary Healthcare, Defence Rehabilitation and Defence Occupational Medicine resulted in the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre COVID-19 Recovery Service (DCRS). This integrated clinical and occupational pathway uses cardiopulmonary assessment as a cornerstone to identify, diagnose and manage post-COVID-19 pathology.

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Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Lebanon: A Retrospective Study and Molecular Epidemiology

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1007/s11686-021-00453-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gaelle Joanny ◽

Maria Grazia Cappai ◽

Francesca Nonnis ◽

Claudia Tamponi ◽

Giorgia Dessì ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Control Measures ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

High Gene ◽

Human Infections ◽

And Control ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis

Abstract Purpose Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that constitutes a public health challenge and a socio-economic burden in endemic areas worldwide. No specific surveillance system of CE infections in humans exists in Lebanon. The incidence and trends over time have not been documented. The current study aimed to assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases over a 14-year period in the five main regions of Lebanon. Methods From 2005 to 2018, a total of 894 surgically confirmed cases of hydatidosis were recorded from five anatomy and pathology laboratories. Results The mean annual surgical incidence was 1.23/100,000 inhabitants. Over the span of these years, the incidence increased from 0.53 to 1.94 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2005 and 2018, respectively. CE is present in Lebanon with an uneven distribution from one region to the other with higher prevalence in Bekaa (29.0%), a rural area where sheep raising is widespread. Human CE cases were more common in females (60.1%) than in males (39.9%) and a high burden of infection was reported for the age group of 30–39 years. Besides, 66.7% of the cases expressed only liver complications whereas, 20.5% showed predilection towards lungs. The 7.8% of cases presented cysts in other organs, and 1.3% showed multiple localizations. Additionally, predominant involvement of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto was recorded in human infections. Comparison of Echinococcus granulosus s.s. populations from different Mediterranean countries also revealed high gene flow among this region and sharing of alleles. Conclusion The current study is a step forward to fill the gap of knowledge for the hydatidosis in Lebanon where the lack of epidemiological data and control measures have resulted in higher incidence of human CE. Graphic Abstract

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Characterization of excretory–secretory products from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and evaluation of their potential for immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182004005670 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 371-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. CARMENA ◽

J. MARTÍNEZ ◽

A. BENITO ◽

J. A. GUISANTES

Keyword(s):

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Secretory Protein ◽

Major Protein ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Secretory Products ◽

Protein Components ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis

This study describes, for the first time, the characterization of excretory–secretory antigens (ES-Ag) from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces, evaluating their usefulness in the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. ES-Ag were obtained from the first 50 h maintenance of protoscoleces in vitro. This preparation contained over 20 major protein components which could be distinguished by 1-dimensional SDS–PAGE with apparent masses between 9 and 300 kDa. The culture of of protoscoleces from liver produced a greater variety of excretory–secretory protein components than those from lung. Determination of enzymatic activities of secreted proteins revealed the presence of phosphatases, lipases and glucosidases, but no proteases. These findings were compared to those obtained from somatic extracts of protoscoleces and hydatid cyst fluid products. Immunochemical characterization was performed by immunoblotting with sera from individuals infected by cystic echinococcosis (n=15), non-hydatidic parasitoses (n=19), various liver diseases (n=24), lung neoplasia (n=16), and healthy donors (n=18). Antigens with apparent masses of 89, 74, 47/50, 32, and 20 kDa showed specificity for immunodiagnosis of human hydatidosis. The 89 and 74 kDa components corresponded to antigens not yet described in E. granulosus, whereas proteins of 41–43 kDa and 91–95 kDa were recognized by the majority of the non-hydatid sera studied.

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