scholarly journals Application of voxel-based morphometric measurement to brain magnetic resonance imaging in children with non-cyanotic congenital heart disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Jia ◽  
XIAOHUI MA ◽  
JIAWEI LIANG ◽  
HAICHUN ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Central Gyrus

Abstract Background Congenital heart disease（CHD） is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal heart and/or vascular development in the fetus. In children with CHD, abnormalities in the development and function of the nervous system are common. At present, there is a lack of research on the preoperative neurological development and injury of young children with non-cyanotic CHD. The objective of the current study is to determine the changes in white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with noncyanotic CHD as compared with healthy controls. MethodsChildren diagnosed with non-cyanotic CHD on ultrasonography (n=54) and healthy control subjects (n=35) aged 1–3 years. Brain MRI was performed prior to surgery for CHD. The SPM v12 software was used to calculate the volumes of the gray matter, white matter, CSF, and the whole brain (sum of the gray-matter, white-matter, and CSF volumes). Volume differences between the two groups were analyzed. Voxelbased morphometry was used to compare specific brain regions with statistically significant atrophy.ResultsCompared with the control group, the study group had significantly reduced whole-brain white-matter volume (P<0.05), but similar whole-brain graymatter, CSF, and whole-brain volumes(P>0.05). As compared with the healthy controls, children with non-cyanotic CHD had mild atrophy in the white matter of the anterior central gyrus, the posterior central gyrus and the pulvinar. ConclusionsChildren with non-cyanotic CHD show decreased white-matter volume before surgery, and this volume reduction is mainly concentrated in the somatosensory and somatic motor nerve regions.

Precentral and cerebellar atrophic changes in moyamoya disease using 7-T magnetic resonance imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Hyeong Cheol Moon ◽  
Byeong Ho Oh ◽  
Chaejoon Cheong ◽  
Won Seop Kim ◽  
Kyung Soo Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age Range

Background Chronic repeated transient ischemic changes are one of the common symptoms of moyamoya disease that could affect cortical and subcortical atrophy. Purpose We aimed to assess the cortical gray matter volume and thickness, white matter subcortical volume, and clinical characteristics using 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA). Material and Methods In this case-control study, whole-brain parcellation of gray matter and subcortical volumes were manually assessed in nine patients with moyamoya disease (18 hemispheres; median age = 34 years; age range = 10–60 years) and nine healthy controls (18 hemispheres; median age = 29 years; age range = 20–62 years) matched for age and sex, who underwent both 7-T MRI and MRA. The volumes were measured using high-resolution image (<1 mm) processing based on the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT) atlas, via an automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer version 6.0). Results The gray matter volume of the left precentral cortex and the white matter volume of the subcortical cerebellum were lower in both hemispheres in the patients with moyamoya disease compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion Gray matter atrophy in the precentral cortex and cerebellar white matter were detected in this 7-T MRI volumetric analysis study of patients with moyamoya disease who experienced repeated transient ischemic changes. Cortical atrophy in precentral cortex and cerebellum could explain the transient motor weakness in patients with moyamoya disease, as one of the early findings was that patients with moyamoya disease do not have detectable infarction changes on conventional MRI images.

scholarly journals Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging reveals alterations of sensorimotor circuits in restless legs syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
Thomas Mitterling ◽  
Anna Heidbreder ◽  
Ruth Steiger ◽  
Christian Kremser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Study Objectives Integrated information on brain microstructural integrity and iron storage and its impact on the morphometric profile is not available in restless legs syndrome (RLS). We applied multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion tensor imaging, the transverse relaxation rate (R2*), a marker for iron storage, as well as gray and white matter volume measures to characterize RLS-related MRI signal distribution patterns and to analyze their associations with clinical parameters. Methods Eighty-seven patients with RLS (mean age 51, range 20–72 years; disease duration, mean 13 years, range 1–46 years, of those untreated n = 30) and 87 healthy control subjects, individually matched for age and gender, were investigated with multimodal 3T MRI. Results Volume of the white matter compartment adjacent to the post- and precentral cortex and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the frontopontine tract were both significantly reduced in RLS compared to healthy controls, and these alterations were associated with disease duration (r = 0.25, p = 0.025 and r = 0.23, p = 0.037, respectively). Corresponding gray matter volume increases of the right primary motor cortex in RLS (p &lt; 0.001) were negatively correlated with the right FA signal of the frontopontine tract (r = −0.22; p &lt; 0.05). Iron content evaluated with R2* was reduced in the putamen as well as in temporal and occipital compartments of the RLS cohort compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Multimodal MRI identified progressing white matter decline of key somatosensory circuits that may underlie the perception of sensory leg discomfort. Increases of gray matter volume of the premotor cortex are likely to be a consequence of functional neuronal reorganization.

Reduced gray matter volume in patients with retinal detachment: evidence from a voxel-based morphometry study

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Yu-Xin Liu ◽  
Hai-Jun Li ◽  
Qing Yuan ◽  
Pei-Wen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter

Background We know little about the pathogenesis and diagnosis of retinal detachment. Purpose To assess spontaneous changes in the cerebral cortex of patients with retinal detachment using voxel-based morphometry and to explore the relationship between retinal detachment and clinical behavioral performance. Material and Methods Patients (14 men, 6 women; average age = 49.15 ± 10.32 years) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (duration of 24.05 ± 19.61 days) and 20 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The original three-dimensional T1 brain images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and whole brain white matter volume and whole brain gray matter volume were compared with those of the control group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to classify the mean gray matter volume values of the patients with retinal detachment compared with the controls. Results Compared with the controls, whole brain gray matter volume was significantly reduced in patients with retinal detachment, as evidenced by changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneus. In addition, the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, left hippocampus, left cingulate gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus were also obviously atrophied. Furthermore, whole brain white matter volume of the patients with retinal detachment showed a slight reduction. The ROC curve analysis of each brain region showed that the accuracy of the area under the curve was high. Conclusion We proved that patients with retinal detachment had unusual changes in the gray matter volume and white matter volume in vision-related brain regions, which could reveal potential pathological mechanisms of retinal detachment.

scholarly journals Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Chronic and Episodic Migraine: A Morphometric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2997-3011
Author(s):  
Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez ◽  
David García-Azorín ◽  
Ángel L Guerrero ◽  
Margarita Rodríguez ◽  
Santiago Aja-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Matter Volume

Abstract Objective This study evaluates different parameters describing the gray matter structure to analyze differences between healthy controls, patients with episodic migraine, and patients with chronic migraine. Design Cohort study. Setting Spanish community. Subjects Fifty-two healthy controls, 57 episodic migraine patients, and 57 chronic migraine patients were included in the study and underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. Methods Eighty-four cortical and subcortical gray matter regions were extracted, and gray matter volume, cortical curvature, thickness, and surface area values were computed (where applicable). Correlation analysis between clinical features and structural parameters was performed. Results Statistically significant differences were found between all three groups, generally consisting of increases in cortical curvature and decreases in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area in migraineurs with respect to healthy controls. Furthermore, differences were also found between chronic and episodic migraine. Significant correlations were found between duration of migraine history and several structural parameters. Conclusions Migraine is associated with structural alterations in widespread gray matter regions of the brain. Moreover, the results suggest that the pattern of differences between healthy controls and episodic migraine patients is qualitatively different from that occurring between episodic and chronic migraine patients.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry in children with nonlesional epilepsy, does it help?

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Ali Abdelgawad ◽  
Samir M. Mounir ◽  
Marah M. Abdelhay ◽  
Mohammed A. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures. It affects up to 1% of the population worldwide. Children with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative (or “nonlesional”) focal epilepsy constitute the most challenging pharmacoresistant group undergoing pre-neurosurgical evaluation. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (VMRI) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique done to measure the volume and structure of specific regions of the brain. It is useful for many things, but primarily for discovering atrophy (wasting away of body tissue) and measuring its progression. The aim of this study is to assess role of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of nonlesional childhood epilepsy in which no specific findings detected in conventional MRI. Results There were 20 children with normal MRI brain volumetry (33.3%) and 40 children (66.6%) with abnormal MRI brain volumetry. Grey matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly higher (P value was 0.001*) than the normal group (mean ± S.D 934.04 ± 118.12 versus 788.57 ± 57.71 respectively). White matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 217.79 ± 65.22 versus 418.07 ± 103.76 respectively). Right hippocampus CA4-DG volume in the abnormal volume group was found to be significantly smaller (P value < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.095 ± 0.04 versus 0.32 ± 0.36 respectively). Right hippocampus subiculum volume in the abnormal volume group were found to be significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.42 ± 0.11 versus 0.84 ± 0.09 respectively). Thalamus volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value 0.048*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 10.235 ± 3.22 versus 11.82 ± 0.75 respectively). Right thalamus was significantly smaller (P value was 0.028*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 5.01 ± 1.62 versus 5.91 ± 0.39 respectively). The sensitivity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The sensitivity of white matter volume and grey matter volume and thalamus was 85% and 75% and 55% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 90% and 90% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG and grey matter volume and white matter volume and total hippocampus and thalamus was 100%. The specificity of brain volume was 60%. The accuracy of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The specificity of white matter volume, grey matter volume, thalamus, total hippocampus, and brain volume was 97%, 87%, 65%, 61%, and 57% respectively. Conclusion Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging technique that can provide assistance in evaluation of nonlesional pharmacoresistant childhood epilepsy.

scholarly journals Occipital bending in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome J Maller ◽  
Rodney J Anderson ◽  
Richard H Thomson ◽  
Zafiris J Daskalakis ◽  
Jeffrey V Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Control Subjects

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of occipital bending (an occipital lobe crossing or twisting across the midline) in subjects with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls. Method: Occipital bending prevalence was investigated in 37 patients with schizophrenia and 44 healthy controls. Results: Ratings showed that prevalence was nearly three times higher among schizophrenia patients (13/37 [35.1%]) than in control subjects (6/44 [13.6%]). Furthermore, those with schizophrenia had greater normalized gray matter volume but less white matter volume and had larger brain-to-cranial ratio. Conclusion: The results suggest that occipital bending is more prevalent among schizophrenia patients than healthy subjects and that schizophrenia patients have different gray matter–white matter proportions. Although the cause and clinical ramifications of occipital bending are unclear, the results infer that occipital bending may be a marker of psychiatric illness.

scholarly journals 93 Acute magnetic resonance imaging for mild traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 840.1-840
Author(s):  
Sophie Richter ◽  
Stefan Winzeck ◽  
Evgenios Kornaropoulos ◽  
Tilak Das ◽  
Guy B Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Patient Control

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for one million emergency department attendances in the UK every year. Whilst 30–50% of patients suffer from persistent symptoms, unselected follow up would overwhelm the health care system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may help to stratify patients for clinical follow up and interventional trials. We therefore aimed to identify:Neuroanatomical features of concussion on MRI andthe optimal timing for magnetic resonance imaging (<72h or 2–3 weeks after injury).This is the largest study to date using serial scanning acutely in patients with mTBI.Methods/DesignData originated from two prospective cohorts: the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study (2014–2017) and a local cohort (2012–2013). Eligible patients presented to hospital within 24h of a mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score 13–15), satisfied local criteria for computed tomography scanning and received two MRIs: one within 72h (MR1) and one 2–3 weeks after injury (MR2). In addition, 104 controls were enrolled. Volumes and diffusion parameters for brain regions of interest were extracted via automated pipelines. Symptoms were measured using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire acutely and the extended Glasgow Outcome Score at three months.Results/ConclusionsThe study included 81 patients (73 from CENTER-TBI, 8 local) with a median age of 44 years (range 14–85) and 57 (70%) men. Within patients, cerebral white matter volume decreased (MR1/MR2 0.98, p=0.001) and ventricular volume increased (MR1/MR2 1.06, p<0.001). Compared to controls, white matter volume was normal on MR1 (patient/control 1.00, p=0.277) but reduced on MR2 (patient/control 0.97, p<0.001). Diffusion changes followed one of three trajectories: progressive injury, minimal change, or pseudonormalisation. Concussion symptoms worsened, improved and were variable in the three groups respectively (delta [IQR] + 5.00 [+2.00-+5.00], -4.5 [-9.25-+1.75], 0.00 [-6.25 to +9.00], p=0.018). MR1 predicted three-month outcome better than MR2 (AUC [95% CI]: 0.93 [0.83–1.00] vs 0.72 [0.51–0.92]).

Association of Age at Onset With Gray Matter Volume and White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012869
Author(s):  
Raffaello Bonacchi ◽  
Alessandro Meani ◽  
Elisabetta Pagani ◽  
Olga Marchesi ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matter Volume

Objective:To investigate whether age at onset influences brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, given its influence on clinical phenotype and disease course.Method:In this hypothesis-driven cross-sectional study, we enrolled 67 pediatric-onset MS (POMS) patients and 143 sex- and disease duration (DD)-matched randomly-selected adult-onset MS (AOMS) patients, together with 208 healthy controls. All subjects underwent neurological evaluation and 3T MRI acquisition. MRI variables were standardized based on healthy controls, to remove effects of age and sex. Associations with DD in POMS and AOMS patients were studied with linear models. Time to reach clinical and MRI milestones was assessed with product-limit approach.Results:At DD=1 year, GMV and WM fractional anisotropy (FA) were abnormal in AOMS but not in POMS patients. Significant interaction of age at onset (POMS vs AOMS) into the association with DD was found for GMV and WM FA. The crossing point of regression lines in POMS and AOMS patients was at 20 years of DD for GMV and 14 for WM FA. For POMS and AOMS patients, median DD was 29 and 19 years to reach Expanded Disability Status Scale=3 (p<0.001), 31 and 26 years to reach abnormal Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-3 (p=0.01), 24 and 18 years to reach abnormal GMV (p=0.04), and 19 and 17 years to reach abnormal WM FA (p=0.36).Conclusions:Younger patients are initially resilient to MS-related damage. Then, compensatory mechanisms start failing with loss of WM integrity, followed by GM atrophy and finally disability.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomy of Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Structural Neuroimaging Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tji Tjian Chee ◽  
Louis Chua ◽  
Hamilton Morrin ◽  
Mao Fong Lim ◽  
Johnson Fam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Deficit Schizophrenia

Little is known regarding the neuroanatomical correlates of patients with deficit schizophrenia or persistent negative symptoms. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether patients with deficit schizophrenia have characteristic brain abnormalities. We searched PubMed, CINAHL and Ovid to identify studies that examined the various regions of interest amongst patients with deficit schizophrenia, patients with non-deficit schizophrenia and healthy controls. A total of 24 studies met our inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used to calculate a combination of outcome measures, and heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q statistic. Our findings suggested that there was statistically significant reduction in grey matter volume (−0.433, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.853 to −0.014, p = 0.043) and white matter volume (−0.319, 95% CI: −0.619 to −0.018, p = 0.038) in patients with deficit schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. There is also statistically significant reduction in total brain volume (−0.212, 95% CI: −0.384 to −0.041, p = 0.015) and white matter volume (−0.283, 95% CI: −0.546 to −0.021, p = 0.034) in patients with non-deficit schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Between patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia, there were no statistically significant differences in volumetric findings across the various regions of interest.

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