scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry in children with nonlesional epilepsy, does it help?

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Ali Abdelgawad ◽  
Samir M. Mounir ◽  
Marah M. Abdelhay ◽  
Mohammed A. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures. It affects up to 1% of the population worldwide. Children with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) negative (or “nonlesional”) focal epilepsy constitute the most challenging pharmacoresistant group undergoing pre-neurosurgical evaluation. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (VMRI) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique done to measure the volume and structure of specific regions of the brain. It is useful for many things, but primarily for discovering atrophy (wasting away of body tissue) and measuring its progression. The aim of this study is to assess role of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of nonlesional childhood epilepsy in which no specific findings detected in conventional MRI. Results There were 20 children with normal MRI brain volumetry (33.3%) and 40 children (66.6%) with abnormal MRI brain volumetry. Grey matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly higher (P value was 0.001*) than the normal group (mean ± S.D 934.04 ± 118.12 versus 788.57 ± 57.71 respectively). White matter volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 217.79 ± 65.22 versus 418.07 ± 103.76 respectively). Right hippocampus CA4-DG volume in the abnormal volume group was found to be significantly smaller (P value < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.095 ± 0.04 versus 0.32 ± 0.36 respectively). Right hippocampus subiculum volume in the abnormal volume group were found to be significantly smaller (P value was < 0.0001*) than that of the normal group volume (mean ± S.D 0.42 ± 0.11 versus 0.84 ± 0.09 respectively). Thalamus volume in the abnormal group was significantly smaller (P value 0.048*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 10.235 ± 3.22 versus 11.82 ± 0.75 respectively). Right thalamus was significantly smaller (P value was 0.028*) than in the normal group (mean ± S.D 5.01 ± 1.62 versus 5.91 ± 0.39 respectively). The sensitivity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The sensitivity of white matter volume and grey matter volume and thalamus was 85% and 75% and 55% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 90% and 90% respectively. The specificity of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG and grey matter volume and white matter volume and total hippocampus and thalamus was 100%. The specificity of brain volume was 60%. The accuracy of the right hippocampus subiculum volume and right hippocampus CA4-DG was 100%. The specificity of white matter volume, grey matter volume, thalamus, total hippocampus, and brain volume was 97%, 87%, 65%, 61%, and 57% respectively. Conclusion Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging technique that can provide assistance in evaluation of nonlesional pharmacoresistant childhood epilepsy.

scholarly journals Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging reveals alterations of sensorimotor circuits in restless legs syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
Thomas Mitterling ◽  
Anna Heidbreder ◽  
Ruth Steiger ◽  
Christian Kremser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Study Objectives Integrated information on brain microstructural integrity and iron storage and its impact on the morphometric profile is not available in restless legs syndrome (RLS). We applied multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion tensor imaging, the transverse relaxation rate (R2*), a marker for iron storage, as well as gray and white matter volume measures to characterize RLS-related MRI signal distribution patterns and to analyze their associations with clinical parameters. Methods Eighty-seven patients with RLS (mean age 51, range 20–72 years; disease duration, mean 13 years, range 1–46 years, of those untreated n = 30) and 87 healthy control subjects, individually matched for age and gender, were investigated with multimodal 3T MRI. Results Volume of the white matter compartment adjacent to the post- and precentral cortex and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the frontopontine tract were both significantly reduced in RLS compared to healthy controls, and these alterations were associated with disease duration (r = 0.25, p = 0.025 and r = 0.23, p = 0.037, respectively). Corresponding gray matter volume increases of the right primary motor cortex in RLS (p &lt; 0.001) were negatively correlated with the right FA signal of the frontopontine tract (r = −0.22; p &lt; 0.05). Iron content evaluated with R2* was reduced in the putamen as well as in temporal and occipital compartments of the RLS cohort compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Multimodal MRI identified progressing white matter decline of key somatosensory circuits that may underlie the perception of sensory leg discomfort. Increases of gray matter volume of the premotor cortex are likely to be a consequence of functional neuronal reorganization.

scholarly journals Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult brain: How the learning brain grows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Schmidt ◽  
Sidra Gull ◽  
Karl-Heinz Herrmann ◽  
Marcus Boehme ◽  
Andrey Irintchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume

AbstractVolumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that intense learning can be associated with grey matter volume increases in the adult brain. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we used monocular deprivation in rats to analyze the mechanisms underlying use-dependent grey matter increases. Optometry for quantification of visual acuity was combined with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and microscopic techniques in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. We found an increased spatial vision of the open eye which was associated with a transient increase in the volumes of the contralateral visual and lateral entorhinal cortex. In these brain areas dendrites of neurons elongated, and there was a strong increase in the number of spines, the targets of synapses, which was followed by spine maturation and partial pruning. Astrocytes displayed a transient pronounced swelling and underwent a reorganization of their processes. The use-dependent increase in grey matter corresponded predominantly to the swelling of the astrocytes. Experience-dependent increase in brain grey matter volume indicates a gain of structure plasticity with both synaptic and astrocyte remodeling.HighlightsPerception learning causes a transient increase in brain grey matter volume detectable by MRI.This learning results in pronounced changes of neuronal dendrites and an increase in the number of dendritic spines.Structural neuronal plasticity is associated with a reorganization and transient swelling of astrocytes.Brain volume and astrocyte volume return to baseline post-learning, with a persistent increase in the number of mature spines.

scholarly journals 93 Acute magnetic resonance imaging for mild traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 840.1-840
Author(s):  
Sophie Richter ◽  
Stefan Winzeck ◽  
Evgenios Kornaropoulos ◽  
Tilak Das ◽  
Guy B Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Patient Control

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for one million emergency department attendances in the UK every year. Whilst 30–50% of patients suffer from persistent symptoms, unselected follow up would overwhelm the health care system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may help to stratify patients for clinical follow up and interventional trials. We therefore aimed to identify:Neuroanatomical features of concussion on MRI andthe optimal timing for magnetic resonance imaging (<72h or 2–3 weeks after injury).This is the largest study to date using serial scanning acutely in patients with mTBI.Methods/DesignData originated from two prospective cohorts: the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study (2014–2017) and a local cohort (2012–2013). Eligible patients presented to hospital within 24h of a mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score 13–15), satisfied local criteria for computed tomography scanning and received two MRIs: one within 72h (MR1) and one 2–3 weeks after injury (MR2). In addition, 104 controls were enrolled. Volumes and diffusion parameters for brain regions of interest were extracted via automated pipelines. Symptoms were measured using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire acutely and the extended Glasgow Outcome Score at three months.Results/ConclusionsThe study included 81 patients (73 from CENTER-TBI, 8 local) with a median age of 44 years (range 14–85) and 57 (70%) men. Within patients, cerebral white matter volume decreased (MR1/MR2 0.98, p=0.001) and ventricular volume increased (MR1/MR2 1.06, p<0.001). Compared to controls, white matter volume was normal on MR1 (patient/control 1.00, p=0.277) but reduced on MR2 (patient/control 0.97, p<0.001). Diffusion changes followed one of three trajectories: progressive injury, minimal change, or pseudonormalisation. Concussion symptoms worsened, improved and were variable in the three groups respectively (delta [IQR] + 5.00 [+2.00-+5.00], -4.5 [-9.25-+1.75], 0.00 [-6.25 to +9.00], p=0.018). MR1 predicted three-month outcome better than MR2 (AUC [95% CI]: 0.93 [0.83–1.00] vs 0.72 [0.51–0.92]).

scholarly journals Grey matter abnormalities in trichotillomania: morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Lara A. Menzies ◽  
Naomi A. Fineberg ◽  
Natalia del Campo ◽  
John Suckling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Axis I

BackgroundTrichotillomania (repetitive hair-pulling) is an Axis I psychiatric disorder whose neurobiological basis is incompletely understood. Whole-brain trichotillomania neuroimaging studies are lacking.AimsTo investigate grey and white matter abnormalities over the whole brain in patients with trichotillomania.MethodEighteen patients with DSM–IV trichotillomania and 19 healthy controls undertook structural magnetic resonance imaging after providing written informed consent. Differences in grey and white matter were investigated using computational morphometry.ResultsPatients with trichotillomania showed increased grey matter densities in the left striatum, left amygdalo-hippocampal formation, and multiple (including cingulate, supplementary motor, and frontal) cortical regions bilaterally.ConclusionsTrichotillomania was associated with structural grey matter changes in neural circuitry implicated in habit learning, cognition and affect regulation. These findings inform animal models of the disorder and highlight key regions of interest for future translational research.

scholarly journals White matter volume changes in people who develop psychosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Philip K. McGuire ◽  
Alison R. Yung ◽  
Lisa J. Phillips ◽  
Dennis Velakoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Original Group ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Longitudinal Comparison ◽  
The Right

BackgroundGrey matter changes have been described in individuals who are pre- and peri-psychotic, but it is unclear if these changes are accompanied by changes in white matter structures.AimsTo determine whether changes in white matter occur prior to and with the transition to psychosis in individuals who are pre-psychotic who had previously demonstrated grey matter reductions in frontotemporal regions.MethodWe used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine regional white matter volume in 75 people with prodromal symptoms. A subset of the original group (n=21) were rescanned at 12–18 months to determine white matter volume changes. Participants were retrospectively categorised according to whether they had or had not developed psychosis at follow-up.ResultsComparison of the baseline MRI data from these two subgroups revealed that individuals who later developed psychosis had larger volumes of white matter in the frontal lobe, particularly in the left hemisphere. Longitudinal comparison of data in individuals who developed psychosis revealed a reduction in white matter volume in the region of the left fronto-occipital fasciculus. Participants who had not developed psychosis showed no reductions in white matter volume but increases in a region subjacent to the right inferior parietal lobule.DiscussionThe reduction in volume of white matter near the left fronto-occipital fasciculus may reflect a change in this tract in association with the onset of frank psychosis.

scholarly journals Causal effect of atrial fibrillation on brain white or grey matter volume: A Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehoon Park ◽  
Soojin Lee ◽  
Yaerim Kim ◽  
Semin Cho ◽  
Kwangsoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and brain volume loss are prevalent in older individuals. Further study investigating the causal effect of AF on brain volume is warranted.MethodsThis study was a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The genetic instrument for AF was constructed from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis and included 537,409 individuals of European ancestry. The outcome summary statistics for quantile-normalized white or grey matter volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging were provided by the previous GWAS of 8426 white British UK Biobank participants. The main MR method was the inverse variance weighted method, supported by sensitivity MR analysis including MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. The causal estimates from AF to white or grey matter volume were further adjusted for effects of any stroke or ischemic stroke by multivariable MR analysis.ResultsA higher genetic predisposition for AF (one standard deviation increase) was significantly associated with lower white matter volume [beta −0.128 (−0.208, −0.048)] but not grey matter volume [beta −0.041 (−0.101, 0.018)], supported by all utilized sensitivity MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis indicated that AF is causally linked to lower white matter volume independent of the stroke effect.ConclusionsAF is a causative factor for white matter volume loss. The effect of AF on grey matter volume was inapparent in this study. A future trial is necessary to confirm whether appropriate AF management can be helpful in preventing cerebral white matter volume loss or related brain disorders in AF patients.

scholarly journals Women with autistic-spectrum disorder: magnetic resonance imaging study of brain anatomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaelc. Craig ◽  
Shahid H. Zaman ◽  
Eileen M. Daly ◽  
William J. Cutter ◽  
Dene M. W. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Autistic Spectrum

BackgroundOur understanding of anatomical differences in people with autistic-spectrum disorder, is based on mixed-gender or male samples.AimsTo study regional grey-matter and white-matter differences in the brains of women with autistic-spectrum disorder.MethodWe compared the brain anatomy of 14 adult women with autistic-spectrum disorder with 19 controls using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry Results Women with autistic-spectrum disorder had a smaller density bilaterally of grey matter in the frontotemporal cortices and limbic system, and of white matter in the temporal lobes (anterior) and pons. In contrast, they had a larger white-matter density bilaterally in regions of the association and projection fibres of the frontal, parietal, posterior temporal and occipital lobes, in the commissural fibres of the corpus callosum (splenium) and cerebellum (anterior lobe). Further, we found a negative relationship between reduced grey-matter density in right limbic regions and social communication ability.ConclusionsWomen with autistic-spectrum disorder have significant differences in brain anatomy from controls, in brain regions previously reported as abnormal in adult men with the disorder. Some anatomical differences may be related to clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Oxygen challenge magnetic resonance imaging in healthy human volunteers

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna A Dani ◽  
Fiona C Moreton ◽  
Celestine Santosh ◽  
Rosario Lopez ◽  
David Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Healthy Human

Oxygen challenge imaging involves transient hyperoxia applied during deoxyhaemoglobin sensitive (T2*-weighted) magnetic resonance imaging and has the potential to detect changes in brain oxygen extraction. In order to develop optimal practical protocols for oxygen challenge imaging, we investigated the influence of oxygen concentration, cerebral blood flow change, pattern of oxygen administration and field strength on T2*-weighted signal. Eight healthy volunteers underwent multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging including oxygen challenge imaging and arterial spin labelling using two oxygen concentrations (target FiO2 of 100 and 60%) administered consecutively (two-stage challenge) at both 1.5T and 3T. There was a greater signal increase in grey matter compared to white matter during oxygen challenge (p < 0.002 at 3T, P < 0.0001 at 1.5T) and at FiO2 = 100% compared to FiO2 = 60% in grey matter at both field strengths (p < 0.02) and in white matter at 3T only (p = 0.0314). Differences in the magnitude of signal change between 1.5T and 3T did not reach statistical significance. Reduction of T2*-weighted signal to below baseline, after hyperoxia withdrawal, confounded interpretation of two-stage oxygen challenge imaging. Reductions in cerebral blood flow did not obscure the T2*-weighted signal increases. In conclusion, the optimal protocol for further study should utilise target FiO2 = 100% during a single oxygen challenge. Imaging at both 1.5T and 3T is clinically feasible.

scholarly journals Clinically Applicable Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Morphologic Measurements of Grey Matter Changes in the Human Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Tong Fu ◽  
Xenia Kobeleva ◽  
Paul Bronzlik ◽  
Patrick Nösel ◽  
Mete Dadak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Als Patients

(1) Purpose: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) measurements can be used to sensitively estimate brain morphological alterations and may support clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). We aimed to establish a normative reference database for a clinical applicable quantitative MR morphologic measurement on neurodegenerative changes in patients; (2) Methods: Healthy subjects (HCs, n = 120) with an evenly distribution between 21 to 70 years and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (n = 11, mean age = 52.45 ± 6.80 years), as an example of ND patients, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations under routine diagnostic conditions. Regional cortical thickness (rCTh) in 68 regions of interest (ROIs) and subcortical grey matter volume (SGMV) in 14 ROIs were determined from all subjects by using Computational Anatomy Toolbox. Those derived from HCs were analyzed to determine age-related differences and subsequently used as reference to estimate ALS-related alterations; (3) Results: In HCs, the rCTh (in 49/68 regions) and the SGMV (in 9/14 regions) in elderly subjects were less than those in younger subjects and exhibited negative linear correlations to age (p < 0.0007 for rCTh and p < 0.004 for SGMV). In comparison to age- and sex-matched HCs, the ALS patients revealed significant decreases of rCTh in eight ROIs, majorly located in frontal and temporal lobes; (4) Conclusion: The present study proves an overall grey matter decline with normal ageing as reported previously. The provided reference may be used for detection of grey matter alterations in neurodegenerative diseases that are not apparent in standard MR scans, indicating the potential of using qMRI as an add-on diagnostic tool in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Late chronotype is linked to greater cortical thickness in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rafal Zareba ◽  
Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽  
Tadeusz Marek ◽  
Ewa Beldzik ◽  
Halszka Oginska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Anatomical Basis

Abstract Humans can be classified as early, intermediate and late chronotypes based on the preferred sleep and wakefulness patterns. The anatomical basis of these distinctions remains largely unexplored. Using magnetic resonance imaging data from 113 healthy young adults (71 females), we aimed to replicate cortical thickness and grey matter volume chronotype differences reported earlier in the literature using a greater sample size, as well as to explore the volumetric white matter variation linked to contrasting circadian phenotypes. Instead of comparing the chronotypes, we correlated the individual chronotype scores with their morphometric brain measures. The results revealed one cluster in the left fusiform and entorhinal gyri showing increased cortical thickness with increasing preference for eveningness, potentially providing an anatomical substrate for chronotype-sensitive affective processing. No significant results were found for grey and white matter volume. We failed to replicate cortical thickness and volumetric grey matter distinctions in the brain regions reported in the literature. Furthermore, we found no association between white matter volume and chronotype. Thus, while this study confirms that circadian preference is associated with specific structural substrates, it adds to the growing concerns that reliable and replicable neuroimaging research requires datasets much larger than those commonly used.

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