scholarly journals Primitive Reflexes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Later Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiyo Nagai ◽  
Kayo Nomura ◽  
Osamu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Primitive Reflexes ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background: As early screening and diagnosis is very important in treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, we investigated the relationship between primitive reflexes and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: Of 88 very low birth weight infants born from April 2010 to March 2012, subjects comprised 38 examined for 18 primitive reflexes between age 38 and 45 wks corrected age and followed-up over 6 yrs. ASD was diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition (ADOS-2). We compared the number of abnormal primitive reflexes between two groups (11 children with and 19 without ASD) after excluding eight children with cerebral palsy in this case-control study. Results: The number of abnormal primitive reflexes differed significantly between groups, with hypoactive reflexes markedly higher in the ASD group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The result suggests primitive reflexes can be one of the key elements to identify ASD in low birth weight infants. Abnormal primitive reflexes of low birth weight infants with ASD in very early infancy may inform future research of the pathogenesis of ASD.

Postnatal steroid therapy is associated with autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents of very low birth weight infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Davidovitch ◽  
◽  
Jacob Kuint ◽  
Liat Lerner-Geva ◽  
Inna Zaslavsky-Paltiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Evidence-Based Review of Retinopathy of Prematurity Prevention in VLBW and ELBW Infants

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
AnnMarie DiBiasie
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Study Results

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to be a significant complication in preterm neonates despite advances in neonatal care. Very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants continue to suffer from the sequelae of premature birth, including ROP. Controversy and uncertainty surround prevention of ROP. Possible preventive strategies include the use or restriction of oxygen therapy; steroid therapy; changes in blood transfusion protocols; reduced exposure of the retina to light; and administration of nutritional factors, indomethacin, and D-penicillamine. This article reviews recent studies that have proved or disproved the effectiveness of these preventive measures. It also identifies the implications of the study results for clinical practice and makes recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Infant’s Behaviour Checklist for low birth weight infants and later neurodevelopmental outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Kihara ◽  
Hisako Nakano ◽  
Tomohiko Nakamura ◽  
Hirotaka Gima
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics

AbstractAssessment of the characteristics of spontaneous movements and behaviour in early infancy helps in estimating developmental outcomes. We introduced the Infant Behaviour Checklist (IBC) and examined the relationship between the behavioural characteristics of low-birth-weight infants and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 years of age. The behavioural characteristics during the neonatal (36–43 weeks, adjusted) and early infancy periods (49–60 weeks, adjusted) were assessed in very-low-birth-weight infants. The IBC includes 44 common behaviours. We assessed the appearance of individual behavioural characteristics at each period according to the neurodevelopmental outcome. Of the 143 infants assessed during the neonatal period, 89 had typical development (TD), 30 had intellectual disability (ID), and 24 had autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In 78 infants assessed during early infancy, 40, 21, and 17 had TD, ID, and ASD, respectively. The frequency of appearance of three behaviour-related items was significantly lower in the ID group than in the TD group. The frequency of appearance of three posture- and behaviour-related items was significantly lower, while that of two posture-related items was significantly higher, in the ASD group than in the TD group. Behavioural assessment using the IBC may provide promising clues when considering early intervention for low-birth-weight infants.

The Effects of Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching Implemented in Classrooms for Preschoolers With or at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Ashley H. Dubin ◽  
Rebecca G. Lieberman-Betz ◽  
Kevin M. Ayres ◽  
Andrea Zawoyski
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Milieu Teaching ◽  
Study Results

Much research exists supporting the efficacy of naturalistic behavioral interventions on increasing social communication skills for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, these evidence-based interventions are not consistently utilized in preschool classrooms. Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching was used to teach early intentional communication (i.e., purposeful and coordinated use of vocalizations, gestures, and eye contact) to three preschool students with or at risk for ASD. The present study extends prior research demonstrating the effects of PMT in increasing intentional communication through implementation in a preschool special education classroom, measurement of collateral gains related to PMT targets, and measurement of maintenance and generalization of gains. Results indicate students increased their rates of intentional communication upon introduction of PMT. These gains maintained over time for two students. Present study results have implications for future research and practice regarding the efficacy and feasibility of implementing PMT in preschool classrooms.

scholarly journals Predictors of postsecondary success for students with autism spectrum disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah E. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Postsecondary Outcomes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this quantitative study was to analyze the impact of three predicting factors, low socioeconomic status (SES), participation in community based work experience (CBWE) programs, and the presence of multiple disability diagnoses, on postsecondary outcomes of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The case study specifically analyzed postsecondary outcomes of 70 high school students with an educational diagnosis of ASD, who graduated from public, self-contained special education secondary schools during the 2014-2017 academic years. Postsecondary outcomes were measured through data gathered by the school district's Graduate Six Month Follow Up questionnaire. Study results found no statistically significant impact of any predictor variables on postsecondary outcomes. Results also indicated no significant relationship between the three predictor variables. Limitations of the study include sample size, qualification for free and reduced lunch, data collection tools, and time frames. Implications for practice and future research opportunities are discussed.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Associated with Ventricular Enlargement in a Low Birth Weight Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Z. Movsas ◽  
Jennifer A. Pinto-Martin ◽  
Agnes H. Whitaker ◽  
Judith F. Feldman ◽  
John M. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement
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