scholarly journals Tetraploidy  enhances the cold-resistance in yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipei Li ◽  
Xiaozhen Liu ◽  
Zhou Wei ◽  
Zhimin Zhang ◽  
Wen Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Abstract Yellow kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis ) is highly susceptible to severe weather, such as low temperature and frost, which may affect the production in the coming year. And the cold-resistant mechanism of kiwifruit associated with gene regulation is poorly investigated. To botain cold-resistant germplam, to provide insight into the causes of differences in low temperature tolerance due to ploidy and to better understand cold-adaptive mechanisms in tetraploid kiwifruit, the diploid yellow kiwifruit ‘SWFU03’ and its tetraploid plantlets were subjected to cold-tolerant screening with L-hydroxyproline (L-Hyp) and low temperature, the selected ones were then analyzed by transcriptome data and confirmed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the survival rate of tetraploid plants was 62.22% when treated with 8 mmol/L L-Hyp for 30 days, while all the diploid ones died. After treated with 0°C for 12 h, then at room temperature for seven days, the survival rate of tetraploid plantlets was 42.22%, while all diploidy died. Hence, cold tolerance of the tetraploid plantlets was stronger than that of the diploid genotypes. Using these two screening systems, 126 cold-resistant tetraploid tissue culture plantlets were obtained. A total of 1630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 619 were up-regulated and 1011 were down-regulated in the low temperature treatment goup. The DEGs enriched in the cold-tolerance related pathways mainly included plant hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the expression levels of eight up-regulated genes in these pathways in the cold-resistant mutants. In conclusion, this study has identified cold-resistant yellow kiwifruit plantlets and cold-tolerance related genes. Moreover, the dataset got in this study advances our knowledge of the cold-adaptive genes in the regulatory networks and leads to understand the cold tolerance mechanisms in the tetraploid yellow kiwifruit.

Low temperature emergence potential of short season corn hybrids grown under controlled environment and plot conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hope ◽  
R. Maamari ◽  
S. Séguin ◽  
R. I. Hamilton ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Screening Parameter ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Low Temperature Emergence

One important reason for limited progress in selecting corn (Zea mays L.) with superior cold tolerance during germination and early growth is the unpredictable occurrence of cold, wet test springs. Breeders need an efficient laboratory test paralleling field emergence under such climatic conditions. Laboratory screening data from 30 corn hybrids with under 2400 corn heat unit ratings were compared to field emergence data in Atlantic Canada to evaluate the usefulness of a laboratory test as an indicator of cold tolerance. Hybrids were ranked by mean percent emergence using 1985–1989 field data collected from seven locations in the Atlantic region. From daily observations on seed germinated in a germinator at 11 °C, mean times to 50% root and coleoptile initiation, and 1-cm coleoptile were calculated using probit analyses. Field emergence ranked from 1 (highest percent) to 30 was compared to ranking of time to 50% 1-cm coleoptile in the laboratory (one represented most rapid growth). Of the top 15 hybrids (by 1-cm coleoptile), 11 fell in the top half of the hybrids ranked by field emergence. Removal of hybrids with low numbers of field observations, all made during the unusually warm spring of 1989, improved the comparison. These results indicate that time to 50% production of a 1-cm coleoptile is a useful screening parameter to select corn hybrids with superior cold tolerance during germination and early growth.Key words: Corn, maize, low temperature tolerance, emergence

Cold tolerance in rice varieties at different growth stages

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ye ◽  
S. Fukai ◽  
I. Godwin ◽  
R. Reinke ◽  
P. Snell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Low temperature is a common production constraint in rice cultivation in temperate zones and high-elevation environments, with the potential to affect growth and development from germination to grain filling. There is a wide range of genotype-based differences in cold tolerance among rice varieties, these differences often reflecting growth conditions in the place of origin, as well as breeding history. However, improving low temperature tolerance of varieties has been difficult, due to a lack of clarity of the genetic basis to low temperature tolerance for different growth stages of the rice plant. Seeds or plants of 17 rice varieties of different origins were exposed to low temperature during germination (15°C), seedling, booting, and flowering stages (18.5°C), to assess their cold tolerance at different growth stages. Low temperature at the germination stage reduced both the percentage and speed of germination. Varieties from China (B55, Banjiemang, and Lijianghegu) and Hungary (HSC55) were more tolerant of low temperature than other varieties. Most of the varieties showed moderate levels of low temperature tolerance during the seedling stage, the exceptions being some varieties from Australia (Pelde, YRL39, and YRM64) and Africa (WAB160 and WAB38), which were susceptible to low temperature at the seedling stage. Low temperature at booting and flowering stages reduced plant growth and caused a significant decline in spikelet fertility. Some varieties from China (B55, Bangjiemang, Lijiangheigu), Japan (Jyoudeki), the USA (M103, M104), and Australia (Quest) were tolerant or moderately tolerant, while the remaining varieties were susceptible or moderately susceptible to low temperature at booting and flowering stages. Three varieties from China (B55, Lijianghegu, Banjiemang) and one from Hungary (HSC55) showed consistent tolerance to low temperature at all growth stages. These varieties are potentially important gene donors for breeding and genetic studies. The cold tolerance of the 17 rice varieties assessed at different growth stages was correlated. Screening for cold tolerance during early growth stages can therefore potentially be an effective way for assessing cold tolerance in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Screening Ornamental Pepper Cultivars for Temperature Tolerance Using Pollen and Physiological Parameters

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandara Gajanayake ◽  
Brian W. Trader ◽  
K. Raja Reddy ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures

Temperature affects reproductive potential, aesthetic, and commercial value of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Limited information is available on cultivar tolerance to temperature stress. An experiment was conducted using pollen and physiological parameters to assess high and low temperature tolerance in ornamental peppers. In vitro pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube length (PTL) of 12 morphologically diverse ornamental pepper cultivars were measured at a range of temperatures, 10 to 45 °C with 5 °C increments. Cell membrane thermostability (CMT), chlorophyll stability index (CSI), canopy temperature depression (CTD), and pollen viability (PV) were measured during flowering. From the modified bilinear temperature–PG and PTL response functions, cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) for PG and PTL and maximum PG (PGmax) and PTL (PTLmax) were estimated. Cultivars varied significantly for PG, PTL, cardinal temperatures for PG and PTL, and all three physiological parameters. Cumulative temperature response index (CTRI) of each cultivar, calculated as the sum of 12 individual temperature responses derived from PV, PGmax, PTLmax, Tmin, Topt, and Tmax for PG and PTL, CMT, CTD, and CSI were used to distinguish differences among the cultivars and classify for high (heat) and low (cold) temperature tolerance. Based on CTRI–heat, cultivars were classified as heat-sensitive (‘Black Pearl’, ‘Red Missile’, and ‘Salsa Yellow’), intermediate (‘Calico’, ‘Purple Flash’, ‘Sangria’, and ‘Variegata’), and heat-tolerant (‘Chilly Chili’, ‘Medusa’, ‘Thai Hot’, ‘Explosive Ember’, and ‘Treasures Red’). Similarly, cultivars were classified for cold tolerance as cold-sensitive, moderately cold-sensitive, moderately cold-tolerant, and cold-tolerant based on CTRI–cold. ‘Red Missile’ and ‘Salsa Yellow’ were classified as cold-tolerant. Cultivar screening using pollen parameters will be ideal for reproductive temperature tolerance, whereas physiological parameters will be suitable for screening vegetative temperature tolerance. The identified heat- and cold-tolerant cultivars are potential candidates in breeding programs to develop new ornamental and vegetable pepper genotypes for high and low temperature tolerance.

LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF SWITCHGRASS (Panicum virgatum L.)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. HOPE ◽  
A. McELROY
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Two Populations

Dry matter production from temperate pasture species is typically very low during midsummer. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is being investigated as an alternative pasture species to overcome this problem. We studied two populations over 3 yr to determine if they had sufficient cold tolerance to be used in these areas. Populations selected from cv. Pathfinder were grown in plots at Ottawa and sampled from September to late November in 1985–1987. Each fall, samples were dug at intervals of 2 or 4 wk, the tops and roots trimmed back, then placed in plastic bags in a programmed freezer to determine the temperature at which 50% of the plants were killed (LT50). Percent crown moisture was also measured in the falls of 1985 and 1986. Prior to the onset of cold hardening in September, the two switchgrass populations had LT50 values of −4 °C. Slow cold-hardening occurred to the end of September, followed by a very rapid increase in cold tolerance to −18 °C at the end of October. During November, the rate of hardening decreased and cold tolerance came to a plateau of −19 to −22 °C by the end of the month. The same range has been reported for winter hardy cultivars of timothy and alfalfa. Crown moisture decreased to a plateau several weeks before LT50 values indicating that moisture is of questionable use as an indicator of cold tolerance in switchgrass. Good cold tolerance in switchgrass combined with superior survival during the severe winter of 1982/1983 and vigorous regrowth from overwintering rhizomes lead us to believe that winter hardy cultivars for central and eastern Ontario could be selected from this material.Key words: Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., low temperature tolerance, winter survival, forage plant

scholarly journals Lowest Survival Temperature (LST) Estimations in 33 Varieties of Viburnum by Controlled Freezing

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 579e-579
Author(s):  
John F. Wachter ◽  
Paul E. Cappiello
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Controlled Freezing

Stems of 33 varieties of Viburnum were screened for low temperature tolerance on five dates. Terminal stem cuttings were shipped overnight to Orono, Maine, from Oregon, Michigan, and Minnesota. Following a controlled freezing regime, stems were incubated for 7–14 days and evaluated for injury by visual observation. Lowest survival temperatures (LST) were estimated as the lowest temperature at which 100% of stems were uninjured. Varieties of V. dentatum, V. lantana, V. opulus, and V. trilobum were rated as consistently very cold tolerant. Viburnum ×pragense, V. dilatatum, and V. rufidulum were rated as consistently moderately cold tolerant. All V. tomentosum varieties showed inconsistent LST estimates. Varieties from the Oregon source were rated as cold intolerant. Direct comparisons by variety and source will be discussed with emphasis on consistent LST estimates. Rates of deacclimation as they occurred over the five testing dates will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Accumulation Dynamics of Transcripts and Proteins of Cold-Responsive Genes in Fragaria vesca Genotypes of Differing Cold Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6124
Author(s):  
Isam Fattash ◽  
Zachary Deitch ◽  
Relindis Njah ◽  
Nelson Osuagwu ◽  
Vera Mageney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Cbf Genes

Identifying and characterizing cold responsive genes in Fragaria vesca associated with or responsible for low temperature tolerance is a vital part of strawberry cultivar development. In this study we have investigated the transcript levels of eight genes, two dehydrin genes, three putative ABA-regulated genes, two cold–inducible CBF genes and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, extracted from leaf and crown tissues of three F. vesca genotypes that vary in cold tolerance. Transcript levels of the CBF/DREB1 transcription factor FvCBF1E exhibited stronger cold up-regulation in comparison to FvCBF1B.1 in all genotypes. Transcripts of FvADH were highly up-regulated in both crown and leaf tissues from all three genotypes. In the ‘ALTA’ genotype, FvADH transcripts were significantly higher in leaf than crown tissues and more than 10 to 20-fold greater than in the less cold-tolerant ‘NCGR1363’ and ‘FDP817’ genotypes. FvGEM, containing the conserved ABRE promoter element, transcript was found to be cold-regulated in crowns. Direct comparison of the kinetics of transcript and protein accumulation of dehydrins was scrutinized. In all genotypes and organs, the changes of XERO2 transcript levels generally preceded protein changes, while levels of COR47 protein accumulation preceded the increases in COR47 RNA in ‘ALTA’ crowns.

scholarly journals Low temperature seed germination of cucumber: genetic basis of the tolerance trait

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kłosińska ◽  
Elżbieta U. Kozik ◽  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Cold Tolerant

ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germinates in an optimal temperature ranging from 24 to 28 °C. In order to develop cultivars with low temperature germination ability, knowledge regarding its genetic basis is needed. In our earlier study, we identified the accession PI 390953 as chilling tolerant and a good cold germinator. The objective of our present study was to compare cold germinability of cold tolerant breeding line B 5669 with PI 390953, and to measure the inheritance of this trait. At 13 °C, both tested cultigens (B 5669, PI 390953) showed the highest germinability and we found no significant differences between them regarding the rate of germination, days to germination (DTG), or germination index (GI). We also observed differences in the germination ability at 13 °C among seven hybrid populations of cucumber, derived from the cross between good cold germinator B 5669 (P1) and B 6115 (P2) lacking cold-germination ability. The fastest low temperature germination and the highest low temperature germination percentages were observed in B 5669 (P1) with germination of 78 and 100% on the 6th and 10th day of the test, respectively. In addition, the cultigen B 5669 exhibited the fastest germination, reaching on average of DTG = 5.7. B 6115 (P2) and BC1P2 proved unable to germinate at 13 °C even within 21 days. The seed germinability of F2 population fits a three-recessive gene model. Cucumber cultigens B 5669, PI 390953, and PI 246903 showed low temperature tolerance, but of them B 5669 may become the most desirable to breeders since it exhibits cold germinability combined with good fruit quality traits.

scholarly journals Lowest Survival Temperature (LST) Estimations in Kalmia, Viburnum, and Magnolia by Controlled Freezing

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 508D-508
Author(s):  
John F. Wachter ◽  
Paul E. Cappiello
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Controlled Freezing

Stems of 38 varieties of Kalmia latifolia, 33 varieties of Viburnum, and 45 varieties of Magnolia were screened for low-temperature tolerance on eight dates during the winters of 1995–96 and 1996–97. Terminal 6- to 8-cm stem cuttings were shipped overnight on ice to Orono, Maine, and processed immediately upon arrival. Cuttings were subjected to a controlled freezing regime with a lowest test temperature ranging from –31°C to –42°C. Following freezing, stems were incubated for 5 to 14 days at 21°C and evaluated for injury. Lowest survival temperatures (LST) for each variety were estimated as the lowest temperature at which 100% of stems were undamaged. Varieties of Viburnum dentatum, V. lantana, V. opulus, and V. trilobum were rated as consistently very cold-tolerant, with LSTs of at least –36°C on all test dates. All V. plicatum var. tomentosum varieties showed inconsistent survival and LST estimations. Midwinter LST estimates in Kalmia latifolia showed 40% of the tested varieties remained undamaged at or below –36°C. Ten percent of K. latifolia varieties tested were damaged at –24°C or warmer, with the remaining varieties having LSTs somewhere between –24°C and –40°C. Varieties of Magnolia showed inconsistent survival with LSTs estimated for only 5% of those tested. Direct comparisons by variety, test date and source will be discussed with emphasis on consistent LST estimation. Varieties of K. latifolia, Viburnum, and Magnolia best suited for use in northern landscapes will also be discussed.

scholarly journals POPULATION VARIATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF ACER SACCHARINUM

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189b-189
Author(s):  
Paul E. Cappiello ◽  
John E. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Acer Saccharinum ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
The Relationship

A single clone of Acer saccharinum was selected and propagated from each of 15 provenances across the plant native range. The clones were field grown in Carbondale, Ill., during the study period. Plants were sampled during Winter 1992-93 and 1993-94 and assayed for low-temperature tolerance. During both winters, plants exhibited greatest variation in tolerance around the November and April sampling dates. In midwinter, there was little variation observed and 13 of 15 clones were tolerant to at least -40C. The relationship among Acer saccharinum provenance and cold tolerance curves will be discussed.

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