scholarly journals Early permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion lowers the rate of nosocomial meningitis in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Marco Croci ◽  
Martina Dalolio ◽  
Soheila Aghlmandi ◽  
Ethan Taub ◽  
Daniel Zumofen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Catheter Colonization ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Csf Diversion

Abstract Background: Early permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) might shorten the duration of external ventricular drainage (EVD) and thereby reduce infectious complications. The potential effect on the rate of delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) and associated morbidity has not been studied to date. The objective of this study was to detect any association with EVD-associated infections (EVDAI), symptomatic DCVS, or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) by the time of hospital discharge. Methods: A single-center dataset of aSAH patients who received a permanent CSF diversion procedure between 2009 and 2018 was used for the evaluation. The subjects were divided into an “early group” if such a procedure was performed up to 14 days after the ictus, and a “late group” if it was performed from the 15 th day onward. The statistical analysis employed univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Among 274 consecutive aSAH patients, 39 (14.2 %) had a permanent CSF diversion procedure. While the blood clot burden was similarly distributed, patients with early permanent CSF diversion (20 out of 39, 51.2%) had higher levels of consciousness on admission. Early permanent CSF diversion was associated with a shorter duration of EVD (OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.58-0.92 per day). Higher catheter colonization to EVDAI ratio (1/7 out of 20 vs. 7/7 out of 19) and a markedly lower frequency of EVDAI (OR 0.08, 95 %CI 0.01-0.80) were detected. The prevalence (5 vs. 37) and the cumulative incidence (3 vs. 18) of EVDAI were remarkably lower in patients receiving early permanent CSF diversion. The occurrence of CSF-diversion device obstruction, the rate of symptomatic DCVS (OR 0.61, 95 %CI 0.16-2.27) or detected DCI on computed tomography (OR 0.35, 95 %CI 0.08-1.47), and the likelihood of a poor outcome at discharge did not differ between the two groups (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.24-3.22). Conclusions: Early permanent CSF diversion in good grade aSAH patients is associated with a shorter duration of EVD, lower catheter colonization rates, and fewer infectious complications. The timing of permanent CSF diversion had no detectable effect on DCVS-related morbidity. These findings need to be confirmed in larger cohorts.

scholarly journals Levosimendan as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuroinflammation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017504
Author(s):  
Stefan Wanderer ◽  
Lukas Andereggen ◽  
Jan Mrosek ◽  
Sepide Kashefiolasl ◽  
Gerrit Alexander Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Prostaglandin F2alpha ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BackgroundPoor patient outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occur due to a multifactorial process, mainly involving cerebral inflammation (CI), delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), and delayed cerebral ischemia, followed by neurodegeneration. CI is mainly triggered by enhanced synthesis of serotonin (5-HT), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2a), and cytokines such as interleukins. Levosimendan (LV), a calcium-channel sensitizer, has already displayed anti-inflammatory effects in patients with severe heart failure. Therefore, we wanted to elucidate its potential anti-inflammatory role on the cerebral vasculature after SAH.MethodsExperimental SAH was induced by using an experimental double-hemorrhage model. Sprague Dawley rats were harvested on day 3 and day 5 after the ictus. The basilar artery was used for isometric investigations of the muscular media tone. Vessel segments were either preincubated with LV or without, with precontraction performed with 5-HT or PGF2a followed by application of acetylcholine (ACh) or LV.ResultsAfter preincubation with LV 10−4 M and 5-HT precontraction, ACh triggered a strong vasorelaxation in sham segments (LV 10−4 M, Emax 65%; LV 10−5 M, Emax 48%; no LV, Emax 53%). Interestingly, SAH D3 (LV 10−4, Emax 76%) and D5 (LV 10−4, Emax 79%) segments showed greater vasorelaxation compared with sham. An LV series after PGF2a precontraction showed significantly enhanced relaxation in the sham (P=0.004) and SAH groups (P=0.0008) compared with solvent control vessels.ConclusionsLV application after SAH seems to beneficially influence DCVS by antagonizing 5-HT- and PGF2a-triggered vasoconstriction. Considering this spasmolytic effect, LV might have a role in the treatment of SAH, additionally in selected patients suffering takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Clinical complications and outcomes of angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (20) ◽  
pp. e2385-e2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody L. Nesvick ◽  
Soliman Oushy ◽  
Lorenzo Rinaldo ◽  
Eelco F. Wijdicks ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Csf Diversion

ObjectiveTo define the in-hospital course, complications, short- and long-term functional outcomes of patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (anSAH), particularly those with aneurysmal-pattern anSAH (aanSAH).MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), aanSAH, and perimesencephalic-pattern anSAH (panSAH) treated at a single tertiary referral center between January 2006 and April 2018. Ninety-nine patients with anSAH (33 aanSAH and 66 panSAH) and 464 patients with aSAH were included in this study. Outcomes included symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring CSF drainage, need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt, radiographic vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), radiographic infarction, disability level within 1 year of ictus, and at last clinical follow-up as defined by the modified Rankin Scale.ResultsPatients with aanSAH and panSAH had similar rates of DCI and radiologic infarction, and patients with aanSAH had significantly lower rates compared to aSAH (p ≤ 0.018). Patients with aanSAH were more likely than those with panSAH to require temporary CSF diversion and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (p ≤ 0.03), with similar rates to those seen in aSAH. Only one patient with anSAH died in the hospital. Compared to those with aSAH, patients with aanSAH were significantly less likely to have a poor functional outcome within 1 year of ictus (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.090–0.75) and at last follow-up (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.49, p = 0.002).ConclusionsDCI is very uncommon in anSAH, but patients with aanSAH have a similar need for short- and long-term CSF diversion to patients with aSAH. Nevertheless, patients with aanSAH have significantly better short- and long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Human cerebrospinal fluid microRNA: temporal changes following subarachnoid hemorrhage

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán J. Powers ◽  
Ryan Dickerson ◽  
Stacey W. Zhang ◽  
Cameron Rink ◽  
Sashwati Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Over Time

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating form of hemorrhagic stroke with 30-day mortality between 33 and 45%. Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the chief cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who survive the initial aSAH. DCI accounts for almost 50% of deaths in patients surviving to treatment of the ruptured aneurysm. The mechanisms for brain injury after aSAH and the brain's response to this injury are not fully understood in humans. MicroRNAs (miRs) are 22- to 25-nucleotide single-stranded RNA molecules that inhibit the expression of specific messenger RNA targets. In this work, miR profiling of human cerebrospinal fluid from eight patients after aSAH was performed daily for 10 days with the goal of identifying changes in miR abundance. Using the nanoString nCounter Expression Assay, we identified two specific clusters of miR that were differentially regulated over time. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed on select miRs from each cluster. The first cluster contained miRs known to be present in blood and decreased in abundance over time. miRs in this group include miR-92a and let-7b. The second cluster contained several poorly characterized miRs that increased in abundance over time. miRs in this group included miR-491. This second cluster of miRs may be released into the CSF by the brain itself as a result of the initial SAH. Temporal changes in the abundance of specific miRs in human CSF after aSAH may provide novel insight into the role of miRs in brain injury and the brain's response.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid 20-HETE Is Associated With Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Poor Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1872-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Crago ◽  
Bhavani P. Thampatty ◽  
Paula R. Sherwood ◽  
Chie-Wen J. Kuo ◽  
Catherine Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Poor Outcomes

scholarly journals Interleukin 6 in cerebrospinal fluid is a biomarker for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) related infarctions after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ridwan ◽  
Alexander Grote ◽  
Matthias Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness

AbstractInterleukin 6 (IL-6) is a prominent proinflammatory cytokine and has been discussed as a potential biomarker for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the present study we have analyzed the time course of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 levels in 82 patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) requiring external ventricular drains in correlation to angiographic vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, secondary infarctions and other clinical parameters. We observed much higher daily mean IL-6 levels (but also large interindividual variations) in the CSF than the serum of the patients with a peak between days 4 and 14 including a maximum on day 5 after SAH. Individual CSF peak levels correlated significantly with DCI (mean day 4–14 peak, DCI: 26,291 ± 24,159 pg/ml vs. no DCI: 16,184 ± 13,163 pg/ml; P = 0.023). Importantly, CSF IL-6 levels differed significantly between cases with DCI and infarctions and patients with DCI and no infarction (mean day 4–14 peak, DCI with infarction: 37,209 ± 26,951 pg/ml vs. DCI, no infarction: 15,123 ± 11,239 pg/ml; P = 0.003), while findings in the latter patient group were similar to cases with no vasospasm (mean day 4–14 peak, DCI, no infarction: 15,123 ± 11,239 vs. no DCI: 15,840 ± 12,979; P = 0.873). Together, these data support a potential role for elevated CSF IL-6 levels as a biomarker for DCI with infarction rather than for DCI in general. This fits well with a growing body of evidence linking neuroinflammation to ischemia and infarction, but (together with the large interindividual variations observed) limits the diagnostic usefulness of CSF IL-6 levels in SAH patients.

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