scholarly journals Innovative use of data sources: A Cross-sectional study of Data Linkage and Artificial Intelligence Practices across European Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Haneef ◽  
Marie Delnord ◽  
Michel Vernay ◽  
Emmanuelle Bauchet ◽  
Rita Gaidelyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Use Of Data

Abstract Background: The availability of data generated from different sources is increasing with the possibility to link these data sources with each other. However, linked administrative data can be complex to use and may require advanced expertise and skills in statistical analysis. The main objectives of this study were to describe the current use of data linkage at the individual level and artificial intelligence (AI) in routine public health activities, to identify the related estimated health indicators (i.e., outcome and intervention indicators) and health determinants of non-communicable diseases and the obstacles to linking different data sources. Method: We performed a survey across European countries to explore the current practices applied by national institutes of public health, health information and statistics for innovative use of data sources (i.e., the use of data linkage and/or AI). Results: The use of data linkage and AI at national institutes of public health, health information and statistics in Europe varies. The majority of European countries use data linkage in routine by applying a deterministic method or a combination of two types of linkages (i.e., deterministic & probabilistic) for public health surveillance and research purposes. The use of AI to estimate health indicators is not frequent at national institutes of public health, health information and statistics. Using linked data, 46 health outcome indicators, 34 health determinants and 23 health intervention indicators were estimated in routine. The complex data regulation laws, lack of human resources, skills and problems with data governance, were reported by European countries as obstacles to routine data linkage for public health surveillance and research. Conclusions: Our results highlight that the majority of European countries have integrated data linkage in their routine public health activities but only a few use AI. A sustainable national health information system and a robust data governance framework allowing to link different data sources are essential to support evidence-informed health policy development. Building analytical capacity and raising awareness of the added value of data linkage in national institutes is necessary for improving the use of linked data in order to improve the quality of public health surveillance and monitoring activities.

Innovative use of data sources: A Cross-sectional study of Data Linkage Practices across European Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Haneef ◽  
Marie Delnord ◽  
Michel Vernay ◽  
Emmanuelle Bauchet ◽  
Rita Gaidelyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Use Of Data

Abstract Background The availability of data generated from different sources is increasing with the possibility to link these data sources together. However, linked administrative data can be complex to use and may require advanced expertise and skills in statistical analysis. The main objectives of this study were to describe the current use of data linkage at the individual level and the artificial intelligence (AI) in routine public health activities, and to identify the related health outcome and intervention indicators and determinants of health for non-communicable diseases. Method We performed a survey across European countries to explore the current practices applied by national institutes of public health and health information and statistics for innovative use of data sources (i.e., the use of data linkage and/or the AI). Results The use of data linkage and the AI at national institutes of public health and health information and statistics in Europe varies. The majority of European countries use data linkage in routine by applying a deterministic method or a combination of two types of linkages (i.e., deterministic & probabilistic) for public health surveillance and research purposes. The use of AI to estimate health indicators is not frequent at national institutes of public health and health information and statistics. Using linked data, 46 health outcome indicators related to seven health conditions, 34 indicators related to determinants and 23 to health interventions were estimated in routine. Complex data regulation laws, lack of human resources, skills and problems with data governance, were reported by European countries as obstacles to link different data sources in routine for public health surveillance and research. Conclusions Our results highlight that the majority of European countries have integrated data linkage in routine public health activities but a few use the AI. A sustainable national health information system and a robust data governance framework allowing to link different data sources are essential to support evidence-informed health policy development process. Building analytical capacity and awareness of the added value of data linkage in national institutes is necessary for improving the utilization of linked data in order to improve the monitoring of public health activities.

5.K. Workshop: Innovative methods for population health research: lessons from the European Joint Action InfAct

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
New Methods

Abstract Health information is essential to inform decision-makers, researchers and the public. The availability of health and non-health information generated from different sources is increasing. The possibility to link administrative data sources with other databases offers unique opportunity to answer research questions which, for example, require a large sample size or detailed data on hard-to-reach population. However, the linking of information from multiple data sources for population health surveillance and research can be complex and may require advanced expertise and skills in analyzing big data. Therefore, more efficient ways of linking and analyzing health information using big data across European countries are required. Nevertheless, the use of data linkage and the new technology such as artificial intelligence for data analysis across national public health institutes and health information and statistics offices across European countries varies. The Joint Action on Health Information (InfAct) aims to establish a solid infrastructure on EU health information through improving the availability of comparable, robust and policy-relevant health status data and health system performance information. In the area of innovation in health information, InfAct focuses on developing guidance and recommendations based on case studies in data linkage and analysis for population health research. The main objectives of this workshop are to share the experiences gained in using new methodological approaches for population health research, to highlight the underlying limitations and lessons learnt, and their implications for the facilitation of health policy processes. The workshop will begin with the latest developments in new methods for data analysis using artificial intelligence, followed by the presentation of potential uses of the hospital admissions/mortality ratio to assess the variability of non-communicable diseases within a country. Then, a java interactive tool to analyze industrial pollution for public health surveillance will be introduced, followed by an update on the development of a federated architecture for population health research that provides solutions to interoperability challenges. Finally, a new business model for health information in the age of digitalization will be presented. Interactive exchange with the delegates will facilitate knowledge and opinion exchange regarding new approaches in population health research, and support learning from the experiences of the Joint Action. A commentary will summarize the main discussion points, and be submitted to the European Journal of Public Health. Key messages The main outputs of the Joint Action InfAct will contribute to the development of new methods for population health research. The results will support knowledge exchange among EU Member States, and facilitate the adoption of good practices considering country context.

scholarly journals Public Health Surveillance: Electronic Reporting as a Point of Reference

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (S2) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Black ◽  
Rachel Hulkower ◽  
Walter Suarez ◽  
Shreya Patel ◽  
Brandon Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Electronic Reporting ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Point Of Reference

Federal, state, and local laws shape the use of health information for public health purposes, such as the mandated collection of data through electronic disease reporting systems. Health professionals can leverage these data to better anticipate and plan for the needs of communities, which is seen in the use of electronic case reporting.

scholarly journals Collection of Data on Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Nativity by US Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring Systems: Gaps and Opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz ◽  
Mariana McDonald ◽  
Maureen Fonseca-Ford ◽  
Ana Penman-Aguilar ◽  
Stephen H. Waterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Objective: Despite increasing diversity in the US population, substantial gaps in collecting data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators persist in public health surveillance and monitoring systems. In addition, few systems provide questionnaires in foreign languages for inclusion of non-English speakers. We assessed (1) the extent of data collected on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators (ie, place of birth, immigration status, and years in the United States) and (2) the use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–supported public health surveillance and monitoring systems in the United States. Methods: We identified CDC-supported surveillance and health monitoring systems in place from 2010 through 2013 by searching CDC websites and other federal websites. For each system, we assessed its website, documentation, and publications for evidence of the variables of interest and use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages. We requested missing information from CDC program officials, as needed. Results: Of 125 data systems, 100 (80%) collected data on race and ethnicity, 2 more collected data on ethnicity but not race, 26 (21%) collected data on racial/ethnic subcategories, 40 (32%) collected data on place of birth, 21 (17%) collected data on years in the United States, 14 (11%) collected data on immigration status, 13 (10%) collected data on primary language, and 29 (23%) used non-English data-collection instruments. Population-based surveys and disease registries more often collected data on detailed variables than did case-based, administrative, and multiple-source systems. Conclusions: More complete and accurate data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity can improve the quality, representativeness, and usefulness of public health surveillance and monitoring systems to plan and evaluate targeted public health interventions to eliminate health disparities.

scholarly journals Transforming Public Health Surveillance Through Open Public Health Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Kibler ◽  
Scott McNabb ◽  
James Lavery ◽  
Ziad Memish ◽  
Affan Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Public Health Data ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Information

ObjectiveThe goal of this editorial is to shed light on the lack of transparency that exists in the sharing of Public Health data and to reverse this presumption in favour of open public health information properly vetted and openly accessible. Open public health information is a critical step to revitalize public health practice and is a human right.IntroductionPublic health practice that prevents, detects, and responds to communicable and noncommunicable disease threats is hindered by poor access to public health data and information. This includes timely sharing of case-based information, respecting patent and publication rights, and the ethical sharing of specimens. Disagreements about information shared and under what circumstances plus who has right to the data, clinical specimens, and their derivative products impede research and countermeasures. Delayed or inaction by public health authorities undermines trust and exacerbates the crisis. Evident in 2014 by the delayed Public Health Emergency of International Concern declaration of the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa by the World Health Organization, the governing presumption is that access to public health information should be restricted, constrained, or even hoarded; this is a failed approach. This lack of transparency prevents information availability when and where it is needed and obstructs public health efforts to efficiently and ethically prevent, detect, and respond to emerging threats. A better way forward is to reverse this presumption in favour of open public health information properly vetted and openly accessible. Open public health information is a critical step to revitalize public health practice and is a human right.While there is limited global consensus among scientists and public health practitioners on best practices to guide national health authorities, researchers, NGOs, and industry as they navigate the ethical, political, technical, and economic challenges associated with the sharing of essential public health information (e.g., pathogen isolates, clinical specimens, and patient-related data), grounding this discussion on the guiding principles of open public health information can help navigate the complex privacy, security, communication, and access needs, and ensure that collaboration and sharing occur in a manner that is ethically and socially just, efficient, and equitable. Built on existing governance frameworks such as the International Health Regulations (IHRs) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework (PIP), open public health can transform public health surveillance, allowing for the rapid sharing of data and products during outbreaks for mutual benefit and enhanced global health security.MethodsThis abstract represents a larger editorial style manuscript, thus no methods were developed in the abstract.ResultsThis editorial style manuscript aims to reverse the presumption that public health data is damaging to one in favour of open public health information properly vetted and openly accessible.ConclusionsSimilar to other open movements (i.e., open data, open government, open development, and open science) that seek to address the world’s greatest challenges through transparency, collaboration, reuse of and free access to ideas, open public health offers an ideal solution to overcome the challenges in the 21st century.

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