scholarly journals Characterization of the complete plastomes of two flowering epiparasites (Phacellaria glomerata and P. compressa, Santalaceae, Santalales): gene content, organization and plastome degradation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Guo ◽  
Changkun Liu ◽  
Hengchang Wang ◽  
Guangfei Zhang ◽  
Hanjing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Evolutionary Pathway ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
Content Organization ◽  
Plastome Degradation

Abstract Backgrounds: The transition to a heterotrophic lifestyle triggers reductive evolution of plastid genome (plastome) in both photosynthetic and non–photosynthetic parasites. A plant parasite parasitizing another plant parasite is referred to as epiparasitism, which is extremely rare in angiosperms. In despite of the particularly special lifeform of epiparasitic plants, their plastomes have not been characterized to date. Sequending such plastomes may enable new insights into the evolutionary pathway of plastome degradation associated with parasitism. Results: In this study, we generated complete plastomes of Phacellaria compressa and P. glomerata (Santalaceae, Santalales) through Illumina shotgun sequencing. Plastome assembly and comparison indicated that plastomes of both species exhibit the quadripartite structure typical of angiosperms, and that they possess similar size, structure, gene content, and arrangement of genes to other hemiparasites in Santalales, especially to those hemiparasites in Santalaceae. The plastomes of P. compressa and P. glomerata were characterized by the functional loss of plastid–encoded NAD(P)H–dehydrogenase and infA genes, which strongly coincides with the general pattern of plastome degradation observed in Santalales hemiparasites. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the shift to epiparasitism and reduced vegetative bodies in P. compressa and P. glomerata do not appear to cause any unique plastome degradation compared with their closely related hemiparasites. The epiparasitic lifestyle or an endophytic growth form observed in these two epiparasites may have limited impact on the reductive modification of their plastomes.

scholarly journals The Mitochondrial Genome of Eleusine indica and Characterization of Gene Content Within Poaceae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D Hall ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey P Mower ◽  
J Scott McElroy ◽  
Leslie R Goertzen
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Genomic Gene ◽  
Mt Genome

Abstract Plant mitochondrial (mt) genome assembly provides baseline data on size, structure and gene content, but resolving the sequence of these large and complex organelle genomes remains challenging due to fragmentation, frequent recombination, and transfers of DNA from neighboring plastids. The mitochondrial genome for Eleusine indica (Poaceae: goosegrass) is comprehensibly analyzed here, providing key reference data for an economically significant invasive species that is also the maternal parent of the allotetraploid crop Finger millet (Eleusine coracana). The assembled E. indica genome contains 33 protein coding genes, 6 rRNA subunits, 24 tRNA, 8 large repetitive regions 15 kb of transposable elements across a total of 520,691 bp. Evidence of RNA editing and loss of rpl2, rpl5, rps14, rps11, sdh4 and sdh3 genes is evaluated in the context of an updated survey of mt genomic gene content across the grasses through an analysis of available publicly available data. Hypothesized patterns of Poaceae mt gene loss are examined in a phylogenetic context to clarify timing, showing that rpl2 was transferred to the nucleus from the mitochondrion prior to the origin of the PACMAD clade.

scholarly journals The cp genome characterization of Adenium obesum: gene content, repeat organization and phylogeny

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mashay Alanazi ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal Ali ◽  
Soo-Yong Kim ◽  
M. Oliur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Abul Farah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Content ◽  
Genome Characterization ◽  
Cp Genome

scholarly journals Characterization of the complete plastid genome of lop-sided onion Allium obliquum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Filyushin ◽  
Alexey V. Beletsky ◽  
Alexander M. Mazur ◽  
Elena Z. Kochieva
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Genome

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization of spherical 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), and study of its thermal decomposition characteristics

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 33522-33530
Author(s):  
Xinhua Zhao ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Xiaoping Ma ◽  
Xueying Liu ◽  
Zishuai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Cooling Crystallization ◽  
Grinding Technique

Spherical FOX-7 was produced via a combination of cooling crystallization method and repeated grinding technique, and the crystal morphology, size, structure, and thermal behavior were systematically investigated in detail.

scholarly journals Rhopalocnemis phalloides has one of the most reduced and mutated plastid genomes known

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Schelkunov ◽  
Maxim S. Nuraliev ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
The Family

Although most plant species are photosynthetic, several hundred species have lost the ability to photosynthesize and instead obtain nutrients via various types of heterotrophic feeding. Their plastid genomes markedly differ from the plastid genomes of photosynthetic plants. In this work, we describe the sequenced plastid genome of the heterotrophic plant Rhopalocnemis phalloides, which belongs to the family Balanophoraceae and feeds by parasitizing other plants. The genome is highly reduced (18,622 base pairs vs. approximately 150 kbp in autotrophic plants) and possesses an extraordinarily high AT content, 86.8%, which is inferior only to AT contents of plastid genomes of Balanophora, a genus from the same family. The gene content of this genome is quite typical of heterotrophic plants, with all of the genes related to photosynthesis having been lost. The remaining genes are notably distorted by a high mutation rate and the aforementioned AT content. The high AT content has led to sequence convergence between some of the remaining genes and their homologs from AT-rich plastid genomes of protists. Overall, the plastid genome of R. phalloides is one of the most unusual plastid genomes known.

The Separation and Characterization of Graft Copolymers from Natural Rubber

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Merret
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Benzene Solution ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Major Increase ◽  
Made In

Abstract The solubility of graft copolymers prepared from rubber and vinyl monomers follows a general pattern whereby one of the constituents can be insolubilized while the other remains soluble, the compound forming a stable sol which is largely unaffected by heat or ionic materials at suitable ratios of solvent to precipitant. The onset and flocculation of the sol are such that the graft copolymer can be completely separated from either free constituent homopolymer. This insolubilization of the rubber trunk chain by addition of methanol to a benzene solution of the coploymer has been followed by the changes in the intrinsic viscosity and turbidity, which show that the collapse of the rubber chain continues to a point beyond where the molecularly equivalent free rubber would be precipitated. This period also marks the major increase in turbidity. Osmotic data show that μ-values for the grafted copolymers of rubber are the same as for rubber itself, thus supporting similar assumptions made in the application of the theory of the equilibirium swelling of crosslinked rubber.

scholarly journals Characterization of the complete plastid genome of an important Chinese Old Rose Rosa odorata var. pseudindica

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 679-680
Author(s):  
Jing Meng ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Linna Zhang ◽  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Genome
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