scholarly journals Estimating the indirect prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cottler-Casanova ◽  
Jasmine Abdulcadir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract ObjectiveTo update the indirect prevalence estimates for women and girls living with Female Genital Mutilation Cutting (FGM/C) in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office of migrant women and girls born in one of the 30 high-prevalence FGM/C countries that are currently living in Switzerland. MethodsWe used Yoder and Van Baelen’s “Extrapolation of FGM/C Countries’ Prevalence Data” method, where we applied DHS and MICS prevalence figures from the 30 countries when FGM/C is practiced, and applied them to the immigrant women and girls living in Switzerland from the same 30 countries.ResultsIn 2010, the estimated indirect prevalence was 9,059 whereas in 2018, the estimated indirect prevalence was 21,706 women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C.ConclusionOver the past decade, there have been significant increases in the number of estimated women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland due to the increase in the total number of women and girls originally coming form the countries where the practice of FGM/C is traditional.

scholarly journals Estimating the indirect prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cottler-Casanova ◽  
J. Abdulcadir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background We updated the indirect estimates for women and girls living with Female Genital Mutilation Cutting (FGM/C) in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office of migrant women and girls born in one of the 30 high-prevalence FGM/C countries that are currently living in Switzerland. Methods We used Yoder and Van Baelen’s “Extrapolation of FGM/C Countries’ Prevalence Data” method, where we applied DHS and MICS prevalence figures from the 30 countries where FGM/C is practiced, and applied them to the immigrant women and girls living in Switzerland from the same 30 countries. Results In 2010, the estimated number of women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland was 9059, whereas in 2018, we estimated that 21,706 women and girls were living with or at risk of FGM/C. Conclusion Over the past decade, there have been significant increases in the number of estimated women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland due to the increase in the total number of women and girls originally coming form the countries where the practice of FGM/C is traditional.

scholarly journals Review of Web-Based Toolkits for Health Care Practitioners Working With Women and Girls Affected by or at Risk of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272093529
Author(s):  
Hina Shaikh ◽  
Karen A. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Female Genital

Increased migration has given rise to more advocacy efforts against female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), legislation that criminalizes the practice, and guidance to the health sector for managing care of affected groups. More women and girls who have been cut or who are at risk of FGM/C are migrating from regions where it is common to countries where it is not and interacting with health professionals and other community practitioners in these host countries. Despite numerous studies on the negative health impacts of FGM/C, little is known about toolkits on FGM/C that providers can use in their prevention and response efforts. We sought to explore the nature of Internet-based products referenced as toolkits and materials characteristic of toolkits aimed at different service providers who may interact with women and girls affected by FGM/C. Through an online search, we identified 45 toolkits and collected data about each one. We found that the toolkits targeted different audiences and offered a diverse set of information and resources. The majority of toolkits were aimed at health professionals and provided factual and epidemiological-focused content, yet many did not include research evidence, skills development application, or approaches for implementing the toolkit in practice. This review is the first completed in the area of FGM/C to show a rich diversity of online materials. Future toolkits can be improved with the provision of evidence-based information and practical skills development for use by health professionals in implementing best practices in working with women and girls affected by FGM/C.

scholarly journals Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss University Hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cottler-Casanova ◽  
Mathide Horowicz ◽  
Angèle Gayet-Ageron ◽  
Jasmine Abdulcadir
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Circumcision ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Anonymized Data ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background: To assess the number of inpatient women and girls in Swiss university hospitals from countries with high female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) prevalence, and of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C.Methods: Exploratory descriptive study in Switzerland to assess the number of women and girls admitted to Swiss university hospitals between 2016 and 2018 from 30 FGM/C high prevalence countries (1), inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C (2). Participating hospitals provided anonymized data for all inpatient women and girls from 30 FGM/C practicing countries, and for all inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C. We calculated indirect estimates of inpatient women and girls with FGM/C and compared them with the number of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C.Results: 8720 women and girls from countries with high prevalence of FGM/C were admitted. 207 patients were coded with FGM/C, including 7 with a nationality outside the 30 targeted countries, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 2.3% (95%CI: 2.0-2.6). The number of FGM/C cases by hospital was significantly different across year (P<0.001), with a higher proportion of cases collected in Geneva.Conclusions: The comparison between indirect estimates of inpatients with or at risk of FGM/C and the low number of FGM/C cases coded, suggests low recording and coding capacities of FGM/C.Funding: Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and Swiss Network against Female circumcision, Caritas Switzerland.

scholarly journals Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the United States: Updated Estimates of Women and Girls at Risk, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Goldberg ◽  
Paul Stupp ◽  
Ekwutosi Okoroh ◽  
Ghenet Besera ◽  
David Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) coding capacities in Swiss university hospitals using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cottler-Casanova ◽  
M. Horowicz ◽  
A. Gayet-Ageron ◽  
J. Abdulcadir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background The real prevalence and incidence of women living with or at risk of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is unknown in Switzerland and many parts of Europe, as there are no representative surveys similar to DHS or MICS for European countries. Indirect estimates are commonly used to estimate the number of women with FGM/C in high-income countries, but may not reflect the actual FGM/C prevalence among migrants. Direct measures may provide more accurate estimates that could guide policy- and clinical decision-making. Swiss hospital data may provide a sample of patients that can be used to describe the prevalence of FGM/C in Swiss hospitals. Our study assesses the number of inpatient women and girls in Swiss university hospitals from countries with high FGM/C prevalence, and of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C. Methods We conducted an exploratory descriptive study in Switzerland to assess the number of women and girls admitted to Swiss university hospitals between 2016 and 2018 from 30 FGM/C practicing countries, as well as inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C using anonymized data. We calculated indirect estimates for inpatient women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C and compared them with the number of inpatients with a coded diagnosis of FGM/C. Results 8720 women and girls from FGM/C practicing countries were admitted. 207 patients had a coded diagnosis of FGM/C, including 7 with a nationality outside the 30 targeted countries, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 2.3% (95%CI, 2.0–2.6). The number of FGM/C cases by hospital was significantly different across years (P < 0.001), with a higher proportion of cases collected in Geneva, Switzerland. Conclusions The comparison between indirect estimates of inpatients with or at risk of FGM/C and the low number of FGM/C cases coded, suggests low recording and coding capacities of FGM/C. Tweetable abstract The capacity of coding primary and secondary diagnosis of FGM/C in Swiss university hospitals seems low. Protocol number: 2018–01851: SwissEthics Committee, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

scholarly journals Improving care for women and girls who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting: qualitative systematic reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. 1-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Evans ◽  
Ritah Tweheyo ◽  
Julie McGarry ◽  
Jeanette Eldridge ◽  
Juliet Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Experienced Female ◽  
Female Genital

Background In a context of high migration, there are growing numbers of women living in the UK who have experienced female genital mutilation/cutting. Evidence is needed to understand how best to meet their health-care needs and to shape culturally appropriate service delivery. Objectives To undertake two systematic reviews of qualitative evidence to illuminate the experiences, needs, barriers and facilitators around seeking and providing female genital mutilation-/cutting-related health care from the perspectives of (1) women and girls who have experienced female genital mutilation/cutting (review 1) and (2) health professionals (review 2). Review methods The reviews were undertaken separately using a thematic synthesis approach and then combined into an overarching synthesis. Sixteen electronic databases (including grey literature sources) were searched from inception to 31 December 2017 and supplemented by reference list searching. Papers from any Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development country with any date and in any language were included (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development membership was considered a proxy for comparable high-income migrant destination countries). Standardised tools were used for quality appraisal and data extraction. Findings were coded and thematically analysed using NVivo 11 (QSR International, Warrington, UK) software. Confidence in the review findings was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation – Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach. All review steps involved two or more reviewers and a team that included community-based and clinical experts. Results Seventy-eight papers (74 distinct studies) met the inclusion criteria for both reviews: 57 papers in review 1 (n = 18 from the UK), 30 papers in review 2 (n = 5 from the UK) and nine papers common to both. Review 1 comprised 17 descriptive themes synthesised into five analytical themes. Women’s health-care experiences related to female genital mutilation/cutting were shaped by silence and stigma, which hindered care-seeking and access to care, especially for non-pregnant women. Across all countries, women reported emotionally distressing and disempowering care experiences. There was limited awareness of specialist service provision. Good care depended on having a trusting relationship with a culturally sensitive and knowledgeable provider. Review 2 comprised 20 descriptive themes synthesised into six analytical themes. Providers from many settings reported feeling uncomfortable talking about female genital mutilation/cutting, lacking sufficient knowledge and struggling with language barriers. This led to missed opportunities for, and suboptimal management of, female genital mutilation-/cutting-related care. More positive experiences/practices were reported in contexts where there was input from specialists and where there were clear processes to address language barriers and to support timely identification, referral and follow-up. Limitations Most studies had an implicit focus on type III female genital mutilation/cutting and on maternity settings, but many studies combined groups or female genital mutilation/cutting types, making it hard to draw conclusions specific to different communities, conditions or contexts. There were no evaluations of service models, there was no research specifically on girls and there was limited evidence on psychological needs. Conclusions The evidence suggests that care and communication around female genital mutilation/cutting can pose significant challenges for women and health-care providers. Appropriate models of service delivery include language support, continuity models, clear care pathways (including for mental health and non-pregnant women), specialist provision and community engagement. Routinisation of female genital mutilation/cutting discussions within different health-care settings may be an important strategy to ensure timely entry into, and appropriate receipt of, female genital mutilation-/cutting-related care. Staff training is an ongoing need. Future work Future research should evaluate the most-effective models of training and of service delivery. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD420150300012015 (review 1) and PROSPERO CRD420150300042015 (review 2). Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Child, Early or Forced Marriages in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and Senegal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammary Esho ◽  
Dennis J. Matanda ◽  
Timothy Abuya ◽  
Sintayehu Abebe ◽  
Yeshitila Hailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Harmful Traditional Practices ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background The effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child, Early or Forced Marriages (CEFM) have not been well documented. We examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CEFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15–49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight in-depth interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4). Results In Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CEFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CEFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited effect on changes in FGM/C and CEFM. In Senegal, there were minimal effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CEFM cases. The pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies. Conclusions The pandemic has had varied effects on FGM/C and CEFM across the four countries. Across the four countries, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CEFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CEFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CEFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document