The impact of current smoking, regular drinking, and physical inactivity on health care-seeking behavior in China

Background People with lifestyle behaviors, such as current smoking, regular drinking, and physical inactivity, may experience a lack of or delayed health care, leading to severe sickness and higher health care expenditures in the future. Hence, the current study aims to ascertain the effects of current smoking, regular drinking, and physical inactivity on health care-seeking behavior among adults who report physical discomfort in China. Methods The data used in this study were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The final sample consisted of 44,362 individuals who participated in all five waves of data collection. Logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results The results of fixed effects logistic regression showed that among those who reported physical discomfort, adults who currently smoked cigarettes were 0.65 times less likely to seek health care than those who formerly smoked. Compared to nondrinkers, adults who regularly drank alcohol had a decreased likelihood of seeking health care. Adults who never engaged in physical exercise had 24% lower odds of seeking health care than those who engaged in physical exercise. Conclusions Current smoking, regular drinking, and physical inactivity decreased the probability of seeking health care among adults who reported physical discomfort. Therefore, screening and brief advice programs should be delivered by primary-level care and should pay more attention to individuals who engage in lifestyle behaviors such as current smoking, regular drinking, and physical inactivity, thus avoiding missed opportunities to treat chronic conditions and detect new diseases early.

Individual Healthcare and Socially Constructed Identities: Cases of Women Suffering from Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)

Study aims at examining socio-cultural factors in the form of personal perception of the respondents towards Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) and the resultant impact of this perception on the CVDs management regimen of the respondents. Social construction of illness is used to investigate these factors. Entire data were collected at Superspeciality Hospital, Jammu (India) and 41 personal interviews were conducted. Field research also consisted of observations which was done by employing purposive sampling method. Results demonstrate that factors like inability to carry out household chores, financial constraints, lethargy etc. have a bearing on the care seeking behavior of the respondents. Women constantly juggle between maintaining family equilibrium and maintaining their health. Socially constructed image of a healthy woman is somewhat difficult to achieve even if technologies of the self and anatomo-politics come into play because gendered nature of healthcare in India makes it difficult for these women to prioritize their health needs.

COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions Within the Medicare Population

COVID-19 vaccine intentions by older adults reflect individual care seeking behavior and medical system trust and broader systemic cultural shifts related to vaccine hesitancy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the October wave of the rapid response panel survey fielded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to track and monitor the effects of the pandemic within the Medicare population. With a sample size of 9686 Medicare beneficiaries, the calculated statistics use replicate weights to adjust for the complex survey sample design and balanced repeated replication using Fay’s adjustment of 0.3 for variance estimation. When asked about the likelihood of getting the COVID-19 vaccine if one were available, 58 percent of the Medicare population definitely or probably intended to get the vaccine, 16 percent expressed they would probably or definitely not, and 26 percent were not sure. Black or Hispanic Medicare beneficiaries were significantly more likely to express they would probably not or definitely not get the vaccine than White, non-Hispanic Medicare beneficiaries. Distrust of what government says about the vaccine and concern about the safety or side effects were the most common reasons for not intending to get the vaccine. Those expressing intentions to not get the COVID-19 vaccine in the October 2020 survey wave were more likely to lack access to the internet, which is a potential systematic barrier if they changed their intentions following the FDA approvals of the COVID-19 vaccines and more information became available in the winter and spring of 2021.

Patient-Pathway Analysis of Tuberculosis Services in Cameroon

In Cameroon, in 2019, tuberculosis (TB) treatment coverage was estimated at 53%, indicating that almost half of all people sick with TB were not diagnosed or linked to care. To inform strategies to improve access to TB services, we conducted an evaluation of the alignment between patient-initiated care-seeking behavior and spatial and institutional allocation of TB services. Data sources included the Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (2018), the Health Facility List (2017), and routinely collected TB surveillance data. Data visualization was performed in Tableau and QGIS. The pathway analysis showed that only an estimated 9% of people attended a health facility providing TB services at initial care-seeking, with access varying from <3% to 16% across the ten regions of the country. While 72% of government and 56% of private hospitals (Level 2 facilities) provide TB services, most Cameroonians (87%) initially chose primary care (Level 1) or informal private sector sites (Level 0) without TB services. The gaps were greatest in regions with the highest prevalence of poverty, a significant determinant for TB. These results indicate that access may be improved by expanding TB services at both public and private facilities across the country, prioritizing regions with the greatest gaps.