scholarly journals Assessment of Energy and Environment Footprint of a Proposed Wind Farm in Western Coast of Libya Using LCA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbari Elmariami ◽  
Wedad Elosta ◽  
Mohamed Elfleet ◽  
Yusef Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Western Coast

Abstract Wind offers Libya an abundant, domestic, and currently untapped carbon free energy resource. This paper describes LCA model of assessment for the identified wind farm near the coastal city Zawia in Libya. The city has been affected by GHG emissions associated with Oil refinery facilities for the last five decades. The model study investigates the life cycle energy performance of the wind farm and the environmental impact category indicators at midpoint level, specifically; acidification and climate change. LCA was conducted to the proposed utility-scale wind farm with total estimated power of 20 MW, the assessment was conducted using the principles of the international standards ISO14040 and 14044. The results demonstrated that the amount of CO2 that can be avoided from the proposed wind farm would be about 2 MtCO2. The other emissions that could be avoided are 352.7 kg CH4 and 63.5 kg N2O. This would contribute to the alleviation of global climate change and global sustainability energy system which is recommended by UN SDG7.

The Contemporary US Energy System Overview Including A Comparison With China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The discussion in chapter 2 addressed what might be described as a microview of the US energy economy— how we use energy as individuals, how we measure our personal consumption, and how we pay for it. We turn attention now to a more expansive perspective— the use of energy on a national scale, including a discussion of associated economic benefits and costs. We focus specifically on implications for emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2. If we are to take the issue of human- induced climate change seriously— and I do— we will be obliged to adjust our energy system markedly to reduce emissions of this gas, the most important agent for human- induced climate change. And we will need to do it sooner rather than later. This chapter will underscore the magnitude of the challenge we face if we are to successfully chart the course to a more sustainable climate- energy future. We turn later to strategies that might accelerate our progress toward this objective.We elected in this volume to focus on the present and potential future of the energy economy of the United States. It is important to recognize that the fate of the global climate system will depend not just on what happens in the United States but also to an increasing extent on what comes to pass in other large industrial economies. China surpassed the United States as the largest national emitter of CO2 in 2006. The United States and China together were responsible in 2012 for more than 42% of total global emissions. Add Russia, India, Japan, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, South Korea, and Iran to the mix (the other members of the top 10 emitting countries ordered in terms of their relative contributions), and we can account for more than 60% of the global total. Given the importance of China to the global CO2 economy (more than 26% of the present global total and likely to increase significantly in the near term), I decided that it would be instructive to include here at least some discussion of the situation in China— to elaborate what the energy economies of China and the United States have in common, outlining at the same time the factors and challenges that set them apart.

scholarly journals Hydropower in the Context of Sustainable Energy Supply: A Review of Technologies and Challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyembekezo S. Kaunda ◽  
Cuthbert Z. Kimambo ◽  
Torbjorn K. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Hydropower Resource ◽  
Energy Challenge ◽  
Secondary Information

Hydropower is an important renewable energy resource worldwide. However, its development is accompanied with environmental and social drawbacks. Issues of degradation of the environment and climate change can negatively impact hydropower generation. A sustainable hydropower project is possible, but needs proper planning and careful system design to manage the challenges. Well-planned hydropower projects can contribute to supply sustainable energy. An up-to-date knowledge is necessary for energy planners, investors, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions concerning hydropower projects. This is basically a review paper. Apart from using expert knowledge, the authors have also consulted extensively from journals, conference papers, reports, and some documents to get secondary information on the subject. The paper has reviewed the world energy scenario and how hydropower fits in as the solution to the global sustainable energy challenge. Issues of hydropower resource availability, technology, environment and climate change have been also discussed. Hydropower is sensitive to the state of environment, and climate change. With global climate change, though globally the potential is stated to slightly increase, some countries will experience a decrease in potential with increased risks. Adaptation measures are required to sustainably generate hydropower. These are also discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Near-to-Mid-Term Economic Impacts and Energy Transitions under “2 °C” and “1.5 °C” Scenarios for India

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivika Mittal ◽  
Jing-Yu Liu ◽  
Shinichiro Fujimori ◽  
Priyadarshi Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stabilization ◽  
Technological Support

The goal of limiting global temperature rise to “well below” 2 °C has been reaffirmed in the Paris Agreement on climate change at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21). Almost all countries submitted their decarbonization targets in their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and India did as well. India’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity of national GDP in 2030 by 33–35% compared to 2005. This paper analyzes how India’s NDC commitments compare with emission trajectories consistent with well below 2 °C and 1.5 °C global temperature stabilization goals. A top-down computable general equilibrium model is used for the analysis. Our analysis shows that there are significant emission gaps between NDC and global climate stabilization targets in 2030. The energy system requires significant changes, mostly relying on renewable energy and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. The mitigation costs would increase if India delays its abatement efforts and is locked into NDC pathways till 2030. India’s GHG emissions would peak 10 years earlier under 1.5 °C global temperature stabilization compared to the 2 °C goal. The results imply that India would need financial and technological support from developed countries to achieve emissions reductions aligned with the global long-term goal.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic architecture as the main part of green building

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Eichner ◽  
Zinaida Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
International Standards

Studies of the relationship between environmental quality of buildings, urban living conditions and the global climate change are becoming more relevant today, since living conditions in numerous megacities are rapidly deteriorating, and the climate change with economic and social impact endangering economies of whole nations. Deeper understanding of the climate saving quality of buildings and, in particular, their live cycle balance of included GHG emissions will allow architects and decision makers in the construction sector to properly take into account relevant environmental, climatic, and human factors, to create favorable ecological and healthy urban environments and habitat conditions. Architect M. Eichner, one of the authors of the article, developed urban projects for the North African desert area of Luxor as well as for the cold climate area of St. Petersburg with building designs considering the local climate, economic conditions, and best available construction solutions, evaluating and comparing their environmental impact on the biosphere and global climate. Conclusion of the authors: The local and global environmental impact of commonly constructed buildings through material, water, and energy consumption differs significantly between the different countries. Buildings for residential use with common and best-available solutions for construction, material and heating technology do not meet minimum climate saving requirements in accordance with international standards.

scholarly journals Impact of IPPC Scenarios on indoor environment quality of historic buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Weyr ◽  
Richard Kalný ◽  
Jiří Hirš
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Indoor Environment Quality ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring proper indoor environment quality in buildings with historic value or buildings located in historic centres of cities is not an easy task. These buildings are frequently listed in historic preservation lists; thus, the amount of possible refurbishment methods is significantly limited due to increased protection. This article deals with comprehensive analysis of internal microclimate of a multi-purpose building located in the historic centre of Prague during summer period. Possible refurbishment methods permitted by the National Heritage Institute are analysed and compared using building energy performance simulation tool BSim in order to achieve proper working conditions in offices in the building. Structural and technical modifications are proposed in order to optimize the amount of solar heat gains leading to reduction of overheating and increase of energy efficiency. Furthermore, two global warming projections from the Fourth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are applied to the current weather data to examine the impact of the global climate change on the building. As expected, the cooling demand increases with the climate change scenarios presenting more difficult challenges to maintain the indoor environment quality within the limitations given by the legislation.

Risk Assessment of Energy Systems Exposed to Climate Change Induced Stresses: A Systematic Framework

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Modarres ◽  
Mohammad Pourgol-Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Risk Margin ◽  
Safety Margins

This paper discusses conceptual engineering approaches to assessment of risk to energy systems from global climate change. It is critical for energy system stakeholders, especially nuclear sector, to identify and manage the vulnerabilities of energy systems to climate change and exposure to extra stresses. This paper provides an overview of the risk assessment framework applicable to safety, health and widespread prolonged loss of electric power risks, along with examples of tool and techniques used. Two major concerns are gradual climate change risks and short-term sustained weather extremes that may be endured by the energy systems. Risk assessment and management techniques (qualified and quantified) are discussed for both of these conditions. For the long-term gradual climate change, the physics-of-failure approach is proposed to quantify the risks of slow but extensive degradation of critical equipment and structures of the energy systems. For faster evaluation, the qualified methods like FMEA, HAZOP and simpler quantified methods like layer of protection analysis (LOPA) are recommended. Resilience of the energy system is potentially analyzed by estimation of the system risk due to the impacts of climate change. Because climate change can create conditions that will negatively impact the energy sector, resilience becomes increasingly important. The paper also proposes the risk margin approach and stress-strength failure modeling technique as two possible methods of analyzing short-term sustained extreme weather conditions considering the built-in capabilities and safety margins of human operators, components and structures. Energy systems with small or no extra margin for safe production of power will be most vulnerable to adverse exposures from weather extremes potentially created by global and ecological changes. The assessments are accompanied with the uncertainty of various sources.

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