scholarly journals Robust Video Steganography for Social Media Sharing Based on Principal Component Analysis

Author(s):  
Pingan Fan ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Xianfeng Zhao

Abstract Most social media channels are lossy where videos are transcoded to reduce transmission bandwidth or storage space, such as social networking sites and video sharing platforms. Video transcoding makes most video steganographic schemes unusable for hidden communication based on social media. This paper proposes robust video steganography against video transcoding to construct reliable hidden communication on social media channels. A new strategy based on principal component analysis is provided to select robust embedding regions. Besides, side information is generated to label these selected regions. Side information compression is designed to reduce the transmission bandwidth cost. Then, one luminance component and one chrominance component are joined to embed secret messages and side information, keeping the embedding and extraction positions in sync. Video preprocessing is conducted to improve the applicability of our proposed method to various video transcoding mechanisms. Experimental results have shown that our proposed method provides strong robustness against video transcoding and achieves satisfactory security performance against steganalysis. The bit error rate of our method is lower than state-of-the-art robust video steganographic methods. It is a robust and secure method to realize reliable hidden communication over social media channels, such as YouTube and Vimeo.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Moningka ◽  
Maria Selviana

Kemajuan teknologi Internet di dunia memunculkan fenomena baru dalam penggunaan media sosial. Media sosial tidak hanya digunakan untuk berhubungan dengan orang lain, namun juga untuk membentuk kesan yang baik, bahkan untuk melakukan manipulasi. Pengguna media sosial seringkali memanipulasi penampakan mereka di media sosial, seperti mengedit foto atau memalsukan identitas mereka. Fenomena ini termasuk dalam Deception Behavior (perilaku menipu). Meski fenomena ini sering dijumpai, belum banyak studi yang berupaya untuk mengukur kecenderungan seseorang untuk terlibat dalam perilaku menipu di media sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat skala Deception Behavior in Social Media berdasarkan teori Utz (2005). Partisipan penelitian adalah pengguna aktif media sosial sebanyak 457 orang di wilayah Jabodetabek dengan rentang usia 15-40 tahun. Penelitian ini meliputi pembuatan butir dan pengujian dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA), dilanjutkan dengan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Sementara itu, reliabilitas diuji dengan menggunakan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skala ini reliabel untuk mengukur deception behavior di media sosial.


Comunicar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (63) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Zeynep Turan ◽  
Levent Durdu ◽  
Yuksel Goktas

A large majority of university students use social networking sites (SNS) actively. Nevertheless, there are very limited studies examining students’ perceptions about student-teacher relationships in SNSs comprehensively. The purpose of this research was to investigate university students’ perceptions about interacting with their teachers in SNSs, and to this end an exploratory mixed-methods design was utilised. Qualitative data were collected from 21 students via interviews, and quantitative data from 1,324 students in 19 universities in Turkey via a questionnaire. Content analysis, descriptive analysis and principal component analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The content analysis contributed to the formulation of the questionnaire items. The principal component analysis yielded the following four dimensions: perceived utility, perceived barriers, perceived favourable teacher behaviours, and perceived unfavourable teacher behaviours. The most prominent finding is that the students were mostly opposed to their teachers’ sharing their political and religious views; however, they were in favour of teachers sharing information about their personal life. Despite some students displaying some hesitation, especially concerning the level of respect between them, the majority of students had a positive outlook towards teacher-student friendships. The students indicated that being friends on SNSs would increase their motivation towards the course. La gran mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios utilizan activamente las redes sociales (RRSS). Sin embargo, hay estudios limitados sobre las percepciones de estos con base en la relación estudiante-profesor en RRSS. El propósito de esta investigación fue investigar las percepciones de los estudiantes universitarios sobre la interacción con sus profesores en redes sociales. Para este fin se empleó un diseño exploratorio mediante métodos mixtos. Se recopilaron datos cualitativos de 21 estudiantes por medio de entrevistas y datos cuantitativos de 1.324 sujetos en 19 universidades de Turquía mediante cuestionario. Para analizar los datos se aplicaron análisis de contenido, análisis descriptivo, y análisis de componentes principales. El primero contribuyó a la formulación de los ítems del cuestionario. El análisis del componente principal arrojó cuatro dimensiones: utilidad percibida, barreras percibidas, comportamientos docentes percibidos como favorables y desfavorables. El hallazgo más destacado fue que los estudiantes se opusieron principalmente a que sus profesores compartieran sus puntos de vista políticos y religiosos. No obstante, estaban a favor de que los docentes compartieran información sobre su vida personal. A pesar de que algunos estudiantes mostraron dudas, especialmente con respecto al nivel de respeto entre ellos, la mayoría del alumnado tenía una perspectiva positiva hacia las amistades profesor-alumno. Estos indicaron que ser amigos en las redes sociales aumentaría su motivación hacia el curso.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Caitlin Sam ◽  
Nalindren Naicker ◽  
Marion Adebiyi

Ubiquitous learning is anywhere and anytime learning using e-learning and m-learning platforms. Learning takes place regularly on mobile devices. School-based instructors and learners have capitalised on ubiquitous learning platforms in unprecedented times such as COVID-19. There has been a proliferation of social media applications for ubiquitous learning. There are a vast number of attributes of the social media applications that must be considered for it to be deemed suitable for education. Further to this, mobile and desktop accessibility criteria must be considered. The aim of this research study was to determine the high impacting and most pertinent criteria to evaluate social media applications for school-based ubiquitous learning. Data was collected from 30 experts in the field of teaching and learning who were asked to evaluate 60 criteria. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was the method employed for the dimensionality reduction. PCA was implemented using singular value decomposition (SVD) on R-Studio. The results showed loading values from principal component one for the top 40 educational requirements and technology criteria of the 60 criteria used in the study. The implications of this research study will guide researchers in the field of Educational Data Mining (EDM) and practitioners on the most important dimensions to consider when evaluating social media applications for ubiquitous learning.


VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirchberger ◽  
Finger ◽  
Müller-Bühl

Background: The Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ) is a short questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The objective of this study was to translate the ICQ into German and to investigate the psychometric properties of the German ICQ version in patients with IC. Patients and methods: The original English version was translated using a forward-backward method. The resulting German version was reviewed by the author of the original version and an experienced clinician. Finally, it was tested for clarity with 5 German patients with IC. A sample of 81 patients were administered the German ICQ. The sample consisted of 58.0 % male patients with a median age of 71 years and a median IC duration of 36 months. Test of feasibility included completeness of questionnaires, completion time, and ratings of clarity, length and relevance. Reliability was assessed through a retest in 13 patients at 14 days, and analysis of Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Construct validity was investigated using principal component analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the ICQ scores with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) as well as clinical measures. Results: The ICQ was completely filled in by 73 subjects (90.1 %) with an average completion time of 6.3 minutes. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reached 0.75. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was r = 0.88. Principal component analysis resulted in a 3 factor solution. The first factor explained 51.5 of the total variation and all items had loadings of at least 0.65 on it. The ICQ was significantly associated with the SF-36 and treadmill-walking distances whereas no association was found for resting ABPI. Conclusions: The German version of the ICQ demonstrated good feasibility, satisfactory reliability and good validity. Responsiveness should be investigated in further validation studies.


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